年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

1、2 0 1 5年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語(yǔ)統(tǒng)- 入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題1 請(qǐng)考生首先將自己的姓名、所在考點(diǎn)、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)在試卷一答題紙和試卷二標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答題卡上認(rèn)真填寫(xiě)清楚，并按考場(chǎng)指令要求，將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答題卡上劃好。2. 試卷一(Paper One)答案和試卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答題卡上，不要做在試卷上。3. 試卷一答題時(shí)必須使用 28 鉛筆，將所選答案按要求在相應(yīng)位置涂黑:如要更正，先用橡皮擦干凈。書(shū)面表達(dá)一定要用黑色簽字筆或鋼筆寫(xiě)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答題卡上指定區(qū)域。4. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答題卡不可折疊，同時(shí)答題卡須保持平整干凈，以利評(píng)分。5. 聽(tīng)力考試只放一遍錄音，每道題后有 15 秒左右的答題時(shí)間。國(guó)家醫(yī)學(xué)考試中

2、心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%) Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read th

3、e four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example. You will hear.Woman: 1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You havent had a bite all day Question: Whats the matter with the woman You will read.A. She

4、is sick. B. She is bitten by an antC. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answerNow lets begin with question Number 1.1 A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.B. The cause of his sleeping problem.C. What follows his insomnia.D. The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To t

5、ake the medicine for a longer timeB. To discontinue the medication.C. To come to see her again.D. To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to workB. To take a sick leave.C. To keep away from work.D. To have a follow-up.4.A. Fullness in the stomach.B. Occasional stomachache.C.

6、 Stomach distention.D. Frequent belches.5. A. extremely severe.B. Not very severe.C. More severe than expected.D. Its hard to say.6. A. He has lost some weight.B. He has gained a lot.C. He needs to exercise moreD. He is still overweight.7. A. She is giving the man an injectionB. She is listening to

7、the mans heartC. She is feeling the mans pulse.D. She is helping the man stop shivering8. A. In the gym.B. In the officeC. In the clinic.D. In the boat.9 . A. Diarrhea.B. Vomiting.C. Nausea.D. Acold.10. A. She has developed allergies.B. She doesr1t know what al|ergies are-C. She doesnt have any alle

8、rgiesD. She has allergies treated already.11 A. Listen to music.B. Read magazines.C. Go play tennis.D. Stay in the house12 A She isnt feeling wellB. She is under pressure.C. She doesnt like the weatherD She is feeling relieved13. A. Mlchaels wife was ill.B. Michaels daughter was illC. Michaels daugh

9、ter gave birth to twins.D. Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-mindedB. She is in high spirits.C. She is indifferent.D. She is compassionate.15. A. Ten years agoB. Five years ago.C. Fifteen years ago.D. Several weeks ago. Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one

10、 conversation and two passages, after each ofwhich, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of .your choice on the ANSWER SHEETDialogue16. A.A blood test.B. A gastroscopyC. A chest X-ray exam.D

11、. A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight.B. To take a few more testsC. To sleep on three pillows.D. To eat smaller lighter meals18. A. Potato chips.B. Chicken.C. Cereal.D. fish. 19 . A. UlcerB. CancerC. DepressionD. Hernia20. A. He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B. He will ask for a

12、 sick leave and relax at home.C. He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D. He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer. Passage One21A. Anew concept of diabetesB. The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C. The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D. The new development of n

13、on-perishable insulin pills.22. A. Because it vaporizes easily.B. Because it becomes overactive easily.C. Because it is usually in injection form.D. Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.23. A. The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer B.The findings provi

14、de insight into how insulin works.C. Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D. Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C. It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D. It is more chemically co

15、mplex.25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes dont produce enough insulin.D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood. PassageTwo26 . A. Ve

16、getative patients are more aware.B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patientsD. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave. 27 A. The left-hand side of the brain.B. The right-hand side of the b

17、rain. C The central part of the brain.D. The front part of the brain28. A. 31B. 6.C.4.D. 129. A. The patient was brain-deadB. The patient wasnt brain-dead.C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.D. The patient knew the movement he or she was making30. A. The patient is no technically

18、vegetative.B. The patient can communicate in some way.C. We can train the patient of speak.D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.Part 11 Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word- or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given ben

19、eath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET31 Despite his doctors note o，f chaeutnieovner from drinking and smokingA. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. People with a history of recurrent infections

20、 are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to _their hearingA. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD.supplement33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to_ Larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impe

21、de34. When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their planA. accordinglyB alternativelyC. considerablyD. relatively35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_ _future adults with appreciation of music.A acquaintB.

22、 familiarizedC. endowD. amuse36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should besubsided when energy pricesA. level outB stand outC come offD. wear off37 Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediatefrom qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB.

23、palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, andof these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine，an

24、d semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. The newly designed system isto genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenableSection BDirections: Each of the following s

25、entences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41 Every year more than 1,000 patient

26、s in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propelling B. prolonging C. puzzling D. promising42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgrace B. discrimi

27、nation C. harassment D. segregation43. Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude.A. depletion B. dehydration C. exhaustion D. handicap44. Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible

28、 wood- carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negative B. confusing C. eloquent D. indistinct45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipate B. clari

29、fy C. examine D. verify46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challenging B. solemn C. hostile D. demanding47 The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. era

30、sedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench itA. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be

31、studied in previouslyinaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this sectio

32、n there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and 0 on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely r

33、are cases,51a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks aftergiving birth，52tumors were discovered in her daughters cheek and lung whenshe was 11

34、 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the babys cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother But the cancer cells contained noDNA whatsoever from the father，53would be expected if she had inherited thecancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the

35、unborn child s body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first54case of cells crossing the placental barrier But this is not the case - microchimerism ，55cells areexchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common,with some cells thought to pas

36、s from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half56.As the BBC pointed out, the greater57in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by

37、 its immune system. The answer in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59according to the

38、 researchers there is little reason for concern of cancer danger Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined60of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the babys immune system is extremely low51 A. suggestsB. suggestingC. havin

39、g suggestedD. suggested52. A. sinceB. althoughC. whereasD. when53. A. whatB. whomC. whoD.as54. A. predictedB. notoriousC. provenD. detailed55. A. whereB. whenC. ifD. whatever56. A. as manyB. as muchC. as wellD. as often57 A. threatB. puzzleC.obstacleD. dilemma58. A. detectionB. deletionC. amplificat

40、ionD. addition59. A. ThereforeB. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Conclusively60. A. likelihoodB. functionC. influenceD. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible a

41、nswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET Passage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference thisweek, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or exten

42、sion of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of all, it se

43、ems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one

44、 such drug its pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbre

45、lla pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percentAsk Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments.

46、In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never wouldve been

47、two competing companies hadnt sat down and put their heads togetherAre there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information Whos to say, but it seems like withthe amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, t

48、he outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncologys favorite four-letter word: cure.61 Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA. Competition and CooperationB. Two Competi

49、ng Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals nowA. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized

50、 and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lions shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer thatA. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the

51、accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question _A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65.

52、 The tone of the author of this passage seems to beA. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. optimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the U.S., chiefly because once its determined that a patient needs a new liver its very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable do

53、nor match is found, theres guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.The livers arent grown from scratch, but rather withi

54、n the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated

55、 infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold (支架) with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well assome special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted

56、some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats vascularsystems. However the current method isnt perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers cant keep func

57、tioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant)But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong-and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could beco