冀教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)

1、 Revisionof GrammarGrammar 1: Simple Present Tense III更多資源更多資源 *一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的否定和疑問(wèn)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的否定和疑問(wèn)形式否定和疑問(wèn)形式都要借助否定和疑問(wèn)形式都要借助do/does.I like my picture.- I dont like my picture.- Do you like your picture?-What do you like?She likes purple.- She doesnt like purple.-Does she like purple?- What does she like?Gramm

2、ar2:The Present Perfect Tense.1.構(gòu)成構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去 分詞分詞,即即:have/has done, 現(xiàn)在以動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在以動(dòng)詞 work為例子將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定為例子將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定 形式形式, 否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式及簡(jiǎn)略答否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式及簡(jiǎn)略答 語(yǔ)講解一下語(yǔ)講解一下.*肯定形式肯定形式:I /You have worked.He/She/It has worked.We/You/They have worked.*否定形式否定形式:I /You have not worked.He/She/It has not wor

3、ked.We/You/They have not worked.*疑問(wèn)形式及簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)形式及簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ):Have I /you worked?Yes, you/I have.No, you/I have not.Has he/she/it worked?Yes, he/she/it has.No, he/she/it has not.Have we/you /they worked?Yes, you/we/they have.No, you/we/they have not.2. 基本用法基本用法:A: 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在

4、造成影響或結(jié)果.I have just washed my clothes.* 洗衣服是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作洗衣服是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 對(duì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是造成的結(jié)果是 “衣服洗干凈了衣服洗干凈了” .B:表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 常和表示從過(guò)去某一常和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在包括時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在包括 “現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在” 在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.We have learned English for two years.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和already, yet, sometime, always, neve

5、r, ever, before, just等詞連用等詞連用, 也也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的this morning, today, this week, this year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.I have written 3 English e-mails today.今天我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了三封英文電子郵件了今天我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了三封英文電子郵件了.I have painted six new pictures this week.這周我已經(jīng)畫(huà)了六幅新畫(huà)這周我已經(jīng)畫(huà)了六幅新畫(huà).I have seen you before.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)你我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)你.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)

6、在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況是現(xiàn)在的情況, 所以不能和表示過(guò)去所以不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如如:yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now, in 2000等等.而一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作而一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或狀態(tài), 和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系, 要和表示要和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. 試比較試比較:I have read the book.我已經(jīng)

7、讀過(guò)這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū).I read the book last year.我去年讀了這本書(shū)我去年讀了這本書(shū)(只說(shuō)明去年讀了這本書(shū)只說(shuō)明去年讀了這本書(shū), 不不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況涉及現(xiàn)在的情況.)He has worked here since 1998.1998年以來(lái)他一直在這里工作年以來(lái)他一直在這里工作.(他現(xiàn)在還在這他現(xiàn)在還在這里工作里工作)He worked here in 1998.1998年他在這里工作年他在這里工作.(不涉及現(xiàn)在他是否在這不涉及現(xiàn)在他是否在這里工作里工作)She has been a teacher for twenty years.她當(dāng)老師她當(dāng)老師20年了年了.(

8、她現(xiàn)在還是老師她現(xiàn)在還是老師)She was a teacher for twenty years.她當(dāng)了她當(dāng)了20年老師年老師.(不涉及現(xiàn)在是不是老師不涉及現(xiàn)在是不是老師)5. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成:*規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化: 和過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則相同和過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則相同 A: 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ed: played, wanted, worked B: 以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞加結(jié)尾的詞加d: loved, liked, used C: 以輔音字母以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞, 先變先變y加為加為i, 再加再加ed: studystudied, trytried, worry

9、-worriedD:末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞重讀閉音節(jié)詞, 先先 雙寫(xiě)雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，這個(gè)輔音字母， 再加再加ed: stopped, planned, dropped, * 不規(guī)則變化：需掌握規(guī)律不規(guī)則變化：需掌握規(guī)律, 逐一熟記逐一熟記. :詞形不變?cè)~形不變: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, let-let-let B:過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞相同過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞相同: dig-dug-dug, feel-felt-felt C:過(guò)去式加過(guò)去式加n /en構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞: speak-spoke-spoken, break-broke

10、-broken choose-chose-chosenD:動(dòng)詞原形中間元音字母動(dòng)詞原形中間元音字母i改改a變?yōu)檫^(guò)去變?yōu)檫^(guò)去 式式,i改改u變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞: begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunkE:從原形變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞從原形變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞: come-came-come, do-did-done, go-went-goneGrammar3:Tag Questions反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句: :1.1.概念概念: : 反意疑問(wèn)句表示提問(wèn)者有一定反意疑問(wèn)句表示提問(wèn)者有一定的主見(jiàn)的主見(jiàn), , 但沒(méi)有把握但沒(méi)有把握, ,希望對(duì)方來(lái)證實(shí)希望對(duì)方來(lái)證實(shí). .2.2.構(gòu)

11、成構(gòu)成: :反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分構(gòu)成, , 前一前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述部分是對(duì)事物的陳述, , 后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短提問(wèn)提問(wèn). .如果前一部分用肯定形式，如果前一部分用肯定形式， 后一后一部分就用否定形式，部分就用否定形式， 如果前一部分用如果前一部分用否定形式否定形式, , 后一部分就用肯定形式后一部分就用肯定形式. . 兩兩部分的人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)要一致部分的人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)要一致. .3.語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)調(diào):反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分用降調(diào)反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分用降調(diào), 提問(wèn)者對(duì)陳述部分把握大時(shí)提問(wèn)者對(duì)陳述部分把握大時(shí),后一后一部分用降調(diào)部分用降調(diào), 把握不大時(shí)把握不大時(shí), 用升調(diào)用升調(diào).4.例

12、句例句:-The weather here in summer is very hot, isnt it?-Yes, it is.-You like swimming, dont you?-No, I dont.-He hasnt come back, has he?- No, he hasnt.5. 注意注意:*前一部分主語(yǔ)是名詞前一部分主語(yǔ)是名詞, 后一部分則相后一部分則相應(yīng)的變?yōu)榇~應(yīng)的變?yōu)榇~:Li Ming is a boy, isnt he?*前一部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前一部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 則后則后一部分要相應(yīng)使用助動(dòng)詞一部分要相應(yīng)使用助動(dòng)詞.Tom likes Engli

13、sh, does he?*對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的回答對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的回答,不管怎么提問(wèn)不管怎么提問(wèn), 如果事實(shí)是肯定的，如果事實(shí)是肯定的， 就用就用yes, 事實(shí)事實(shí) 是否定的就用是否定的就用no, 這和漢語(yǔ)不同，這和漢語(yǔ)不同， 要特別注意要特別注意.*前一部分是祈使句前一部分是祈使句, 后一部分則用后一部分則用 will you?/wont you?Grammar4 :The Possessive Case of Nouns1.單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞: 加加s 讀音讀音:清輔音后讀清輔音后讀/s/, 濁輔音和元音后濁輔音和元音后 讀讀/z/ 例如例如:Mikes dog , Johns bike2. 以以s

14、為結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞為結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞:加加 讀音讀音: 讀音不變讀音不變 例如例如: Teachers Day, the students reading room3. 不以不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞: 加加s 讀音讀音:清輔音后讀清輔音后讀/s/, 濁輔音后和元濁輔音后和元 音后讀音后讀/z/ 例如例如:Womens Day the Childrens Palace mens room注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng):A:如果是兩個(gè)人共有的東西如果是兩個(gè)人共有的東西, 則在后一個(gè)名詞則在后一個(gè)名詞后加后加s, 如果不是兩個(gè)人共有的東西如果不是兩個(gè)人共有的東西, 則在兩則在兩個(gè)名詞之后都加個(gè)名詞之后都加s

15、:Lucy and Lilys roomLucys and Lilys roomsB:表示住家，表示住家， 店鋪時(shí)店鋪時(shí), 名詞所有格后面一般省名詞所有格后面一般省略掉它所修飾的名詞略掉它所修飾的名詞: at my uncles=at my uncles home at the barbers=at the barbers shopC:有表示時(shí)間有表示時(shí)間,距離距離,國(guó)家等的名詞國(guó)家等的名詞, 也可也可以加以加s表示所有格表示所有格: todays evening paper今天的晚報(bào)今天的晚報(bào) five minutes walk 步行五分鐘的路程步行五分鐘的路程 Chinas agricul

16、ture中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)Grammar5:positive sentences 肯定句肯定句negative sentences 否定句否定句interrogative sentences 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句* 陳述句用來(lái)敘述一項(xiàng)事實(shí)陳述句用來(lái)敘述一項(xiàng)事實(shí), 分為肯分為肯定句和否定句定句和否定句. *肯定肯定/否定句否定句I am a student in junior school.I am not a student in junior school.謂語(yǔ)如果是謂語(yǔ)如果是be變成否定要直接在其后面加變成否定要直接在其后面加not.I work in a middle school here.

17、I dont work in a middle school.謂語(yǔ)如果是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)如果是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞, 要加要加dont/ doesnt/didnt He doesnt like English. (三單形式三單形式)*疑問(wèn)句分為疑問(wèn)句分為一般一般疑問(wèn)句和疑問(wèn)句和特殊特殊疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句*一般疑問(wèn)句一般由一般疑問(wèn)句一般由be/do/does/did提問(wèn)提問(wèn)Are you an English teacher?Do you like English?Does she play basketball?疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序特殊疑問(wèn)句一般由特殊疑問(wèn)句一般由why, when, where, how等特殊疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)

18、引導(dǎo)等特殊疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)Why do you like English?Where does she live?When will you begin?疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序Grammar 6. :V-ing*v-ing 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成1.一般直接加一般直接加ing: work- working2. 以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e為結(jié)尾的為結(jié)尾的去掉去掉e加加ing: skate- skating3.以重讀閉音節(jié)為結(jié)尾的以重讀閉音節(jié)為結(jié)尾的, 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母再加再加ing: shop-shopping swim-swimming*v-ing 用法用法1.與與be構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài), 做謂語(yǔ)做

19、謂語(yǔ).The children are flying kites in the park.It was raining all day yesterday.2. 與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ), 在句子中做在句子中做主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ),表表語(yǔ)語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等等Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ))I like playing football very much. (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))His hobby is collecting stamps.(表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ))China is a developing country

20、. (定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ))I saw them walking across the street.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Grammar 7: Personal Pronouns人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格主格賓格賓格主格主格賓格賓格第一人第一人稱(chēng)稱(chēng)I me we us第二人第二人稱(chēng)稱(chēng) you you you you第三人第三人稱(chēng)稱(chēng) he him they them she her it it用法用法:1.主格人稱(chēng)代詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)主格人稱(chēng)代詞在句子中做主語(yǔ).I/We/ You/They like playing football.This is a new book. It is very usef

21、ul to students.2.賓格人稱(chēng)代詞在句子中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)賓格人稱(chēng)代詞在句子中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ).My mother gave me a present yesterday.It is very important for us to learn English well.Grammar 8: Possessive Pronouns 類(lèi)別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞my you his her its our your their名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its ours yourstheirs用法用法

22、:1.形容詞性的物主代詞的用法相當(dāng)于形容詞形容詞性的物主代詞的用法相當(dāng)于形容詞, 在在句子中只做定語(yǔ)句子中只做定語(yǔ).I love my parents.Her books are in the bag.2.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞, 它后面不能跟名它后面不能跟名詞詞, 它在句子中做主語(yǔ)它在句子中做主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ).His handwriting is good. Hers is better.My bike is broken. May I borrow yours?Grammar9 : Reflexive Pronouns 1.概念概念: 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作返回到該動(dòng)作表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作返回到該動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身或強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某物執(zhí)行者本身或強(qiáng)調(diào)某人或某物 “本本人人,本身本身”的代詞叫作反身代詞的代詞叫作反身代詞.2.反身代詞形式反身代詞形式形式 第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) myselfyourselfhimselfherse