人教版英語必修五筆記

1、Unit 1 Great scientists教學(xué)目的和要求（Teaching aims and demands）類別課程標準要求掌握的項目話題How to organize scientific research；contribution of scientists詞匯engine characteristic radium theory scientific examine repeatconclude conclusion analyse defeat attend expose cure absorbcontrol severe valuable pump pub blame imme

2、diately additionhandle link announce instruct virus construction contributepositive strict movement god God backward complete cautiousspin enthusiastic reject view詞組、短語steam engine put forward draw a conclusion in additionlink . to . apart from （be）strict with make sensepoint of view lead to功能描述人物（D

3、escribing people：characteristics and qualities）How will I recognize you? You can recognize me because .What will you wear? I will wear a .What do you look like? What special features do you have?Im tall/short, fat/thin, young/old . How will I know you?I have large/small, brown/green/black eyes with

4、.語法過去分詞作定語和表語（The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative）So many thousands of terrified people died.（Attribute）But he became inspired when he .（Predicative）隨堂練習(xí)1、Fill in the following from according to the history.Inventions or discoveriesInventors or discoverers1.Who invented the firs

5、tmodern steam engine?James Watt, British（1736-1819）2.Who discovered radium?Marie Curie, Polish and French（1867-1934）3.Who invented a lamp to keepminers safe underground?Thomas Edison, American（1874-1931）4.Who invented the earliestinstrument to tell peoplewhere earthquakes happened?Zhang Heng, Chines

6、e（87-139）5. Who invented paper?Cai Lun（Chinese）2、Fill in the chart after reading the passage.Scientific Report by John SnowThe problemNobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.The causeIdea 1：strange cloud in the air that attacked victims.Idea 2：people absorbed the disease with their m

7、eals.The methodCollect data from the next cholera attack to testtheories. Try to prove which method was correct.The resultsHe found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Idea 1 or 2? Why?Idea 2 because the data showed a connection with thewater.The conclusionJohn Snow was able to defeat choler

8、a once its cause wasknown.2、Read the passage again and answer these questions.Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar tocholera today? Why?Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are bothvery serious, have an unknown cause and need publi

9、c health care to solve them.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that clearlyrelated cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside thearea to the polluted water.Do you think John Snow would

10、have solved this problem without the map? Givea reason.No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify thosehouseholds that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. Heidentified those that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence cl

11、early pointed to the polluted water being the cause.課堂筆記1、John Snow was a well-known doctor in Londonso famous, indeed, that he attendedQueen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確太盛名了，以至于維多利亞女王生孩子時，都是他去照料，使女王順利分娩。ease vt.&vi.使（痛苦憂慮）減輕；緩和，減輕 n.安逸；輕松at ease輕松的；自由自在地（=rel

12、axedly） with ease輕易地（=easily）The news that her son passed the exam eased her mind.（vt.）她聽到兒子通過考試的消息便安心了。He says that the headache has eased.（vi.）他說頭痛減輕了。He answered the question with great ease.（n.）他輕易地回答了那個問題。（問題簡單）He answered the question at great ease.他輕松自如地回答了那個問題。（放松的狀態(tài)）2、But he became inspired

13、 when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed tocholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助（那些）受到霍亂威脅的普通老百姓，就感到很振奮。exposed to暴露；受到風(fēng)險或威脅 expose vt.使暴露Dont expose yourself to the sun too long, or youll get sunburned.別在太陽下曬得太久，否則你會被曬傷的。The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.那輛自行車任由風(fēng)吹雨打。The newspaper exposed the o

14、fficer as a spy.報紙將那軍官的間諜身份揭發(fā)了出來。3、The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一種看法是霍亂在空氣中無緣無故地繁殖著。suggest有兩個意思，“建議”或“暗示，表明，意味著”。當(dāng)“建議”講時，從句的謂語是should+動詞原形，should可以省略。He suggested that we （should）do more reading in our spare time.他建議我們在業(yè)余時間多讀書。The smile on his face suggeste

15、d he was very pleased with my answer.他臉上的笑容表明他對我的回答很滿意。suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時，另一個用法是：suggest sb doing sth以上的第一個例句可改為：He suggested us doing more reading in our spare time.4、The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies withtheir meals.第二種看法是人們在吃飯時把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。absorb . in/into .吸收；吸引H

16、e was absorbed in the book and noticed nothing around.他全神貫注于書本，對周圍的事全然不知。The big company gradually absorbed these small companies into its ownorganization.這家大公司漸漸地把一些小公司吞并了。This kind of paper absorbs ink easily.這種紙容易吸墨水。5、It seemed the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍首。be+動詞不定式表示“預(yù)定、義務(wù)、可能、命令”的意思。The Frenc

17、h President is to visit Japan.（=be about to do）法國總統(tǒng)將到日本訪問。You are to be back by 9 oclock.（=should/ought to/must）你必須在9點以前回家。You broke the young tree. You are to blame.（=must）你把這棵小樹弄斷了，該你負責(zé)。6、Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the followingphrases.除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你們還學(xué)過以下的一些短語

18、。apart from“除之外”，這個介詞短語有兩個意思，一方面它相當(dāng)besides，inaddition to；另外還有except或except for的意思。What do you learn apart from English?（=besides）除英語外，你還學(xué)什么？In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London.（=besides）此外，他還發(fā)現(xiàn)倫敦另一個地區(qū)有兩個死亡病例。All the children like music apart from Bobby.（=except）除了博比之外所有的

19、孩子都喜歡音樂。Apart from a few spelling mistakes, this composition is good.（=except for）這篇作文還不錯，只不過有幾個拼寫錯誤。7、Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led tothe same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of solar system.雖然他曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)字，然而他所有的數(shù)學(xué)計算都得出同樣一個結(jié)論：地區(qū)不是太陽系的中心。l

20、ead to引起；導(dǎo)致；造成。其后要接名詞。His wisdom and hard work led to his success.他的智慧與勤勞導(dǎo)致他的成功。All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。（諺語）相關(guān)鏈接（后接名詞或v.-ing）：look forward to盼望；期待 pay attention to注意 be used to習(xí)慣devote to貢獻；奉獻 get down to著手 refer to參閱；指的是stick to堅持 object to反對 belong to屬于語法：The Past Participle（1）as the Predic

21、ative & Attribute（過去分詞作表語或定語）規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的構(gòu)成規(guī)則。過去分詞一般表示完成的和被動的動作。過去分詞在句子中可以用作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語，但不能單獨構(gòu)成謂語。過去分詞的用法用法例句定語：過去分詞如單用，一般放在名詞的前面；如是分詞短語，要放在名詞的后面。1.Many thousands of terrified people died every time therewas an outbreak.2.Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples

22、 health.3.This is one of the houses built last year.4.We were given printed question papers.表語1.He got interested in the two theories explaining howcholera killed people.2.You shouldnt try to stand up if you are badly hurt.3.He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinarypeople.練習(xí)1、Look at

23、 the following sentences where the past participle is used.EXAMPLE：So many thousands of terrified people died.（Attribute）Now find two more examples in the reading passage.1 Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.2 John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street.EXAMPLE：But he became

24、 inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.（Predicative）Now find two more examples in the reading passage.1 He got interested in the two theories.2 Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.2、Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.Past Participle as the Attribut

25、ePast Participle as the Predicative1 terrified people1 people who are terrified2 reserved seats2 seats which are reserved3 polluted water3 water that is polluted4 a crowded room4 a room that is crowded5 a pleased winner5 a winner who is pleased6 astonished children6 children who look astonished7 a b

26、roken vase7 a vase that is broken8 a closed door8 a door that is closed9 the tired audience9 the audience who feel tired10 a trapped animal10 an animal that is trapped3、Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.He got blamed about losing the money.Why do you always look so

27、tired? Do you sleep well these days?I was disappointed with the film I saw last night. I had expected itto be better.Everybody was shocked/depressed to hear the death of the famous filmstar.The children are really excited about going to the zoo.His wound became infected with a new virus.重點詞匯1、put fo

28、rward提出；把往前拔It is said that they will put forward a new plan at the meeting.據(jù)說他們將在會議上提出新的計劃。Mywatch lost five minutes. I have to put it forward.我的手表慢了5分鐘，我只好往前撥。2、analyze vt.分析You should analyze the cause of your failure so that you can succeed next time.你應(yīng)該分析你失敗的原因，以便下次成功。3、severe adj.嚴重的；嚴厲的；嚴格的My

29、 father is very severe with/on me.（=strict）我父親對我很嚴格。They are suffering from a severe shortage of water.（=serious）他們苦于嚴重缺水。4、handle n.柄；把手 vt.處理；操縱She handled a difficult argument skillfully.（=deal with）她巧妙地應(yīng)付了一場艱難的辯論。Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you.假如你要孩子們信任你，就要對他們和氣些。This moto

30、rcar handles well.這輛摩托車很好駕駛（操作）。5、make sense有意義；講得通This sentence doesnt make any sense.這個句子講不通。What he said at the meeting doesnt make any sense.他在會上的講話沒什么意義。6、cautious adj.小心的；謹慎的caution n.小心；謹慎 vt.警告He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.（=be careful）當(dāng)他騎自行車的時候，他很小心。The schoolboy are more c

31、autious not to make any mistakes in spelling than everbefore.男學(xué)生們在拼寫時比以前更加小心，以避免發(fā)生錯誤。The policeman cautioned the prisoners not to play any tricks.（=warn）警察正式告誡罪犯不要?；ㄕ小nit 2 The United Kingdom教學(xué)目的和要求（Teaching aims and demands）類別課程標準要求掌握的項目話題Countries of the United Kingdom；Union Jack；famous sites in

32、London詞匯unite kingdom consist divide puzzle debate clarify relationlegal convenience attraction collection construct influenceproject arrange wedding fold sightseeing available delighttower royal uniform splendid statue communism thrill potunfair smart suggestion tense consistent error詞組、短語consist o

33、f divide . into break away（from） leave outtake the place of break down功能1.語言交際困難（Language difficulties in communication）Can you speak more slowly, please? I beg your pardon? Pardon?What did you mean by .? I didnt understand .Im sorry, but could you repeat that?Excuse me. Im afraid I cant follow you.

34、2.空間（Space: position, direction, distance）Wales was linked to .The middle zone is called .The zone nearest . is called .England is divided into three zones.England and Wales were joined to/connected .語法過去分詞作賓語補足語（The Past Participle as the Object Complement）. the three countries found themselves uni

35、ted peacefully . he had them killed while they were asleep.隨堂練習(xí)1、Fill in the blanks with proper words.As you know, the United Kingdom is made up of four countries. They are England,Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It takes ten hours to fly from Beijing toLondon Heathrow Airport if you take a di

36、rect flight. It is the Prime Ministertogether with his most important ministers who rules the country. The provincesin England are called countries. The River Thames is the longest river in England.2、Read the passage and answer the questions.The Union Jack flag units the three flags of three countri

37、es in the UnitedKingdom. Which country is left out? Why?The country left out is Wales. It is usually assumed to be part of England.What three countries does British Airways represent?England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.Which group of invaders did not influence London?The Vikings did not influence

38、 London.3、Look at the map of England and Wales. Divide it into three parts. Draw lines acrossto show the zones of the South, Midlands and North of England. Now put each townor city into its correct zone.North：Leeds, York, Sheffield, ManchesterMidlands：Coventry, BirminghamSouth：Reading, London, Brigh

39、ton, Plymouth4、Divide the passage into three parts and write down the main idea of each part.Part 1：what England includes；about Great Britain；the UK.Part 2：the geographical division of England into zones；their similarities anddifferences.Part 3：the cultural importance of London.Use the information t

40、o write a short summary of the passage.Possible summary：The writer examines how the UK developed as an administrativeunit. It shows how England is also divided into three zones. It explains why Londonbecame the cultural capital of England.課堂筆記1、How many countries does the UK consist of?英國由幾個部分構(gòu)成？con

41、sist of由構(gòu)成 consist vi.This is a big school, consisting of 56 classes.=This is a big school, which consists of 56 classes.=This school is very big, made up of 56 classes.這個學(xué)校很大，由56個班組成。The world consists of seven continets and four oceans.=The world is made up of seven continets and four oceans.世界由七大

42、洲四大洋組成。2、There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describethe four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.對于用來描述英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭這四個國家的詞語，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有爭論的必要了。debate vi.&vt.&n.爭辯debate about sth=debate sth為而爭論=discuss/argue about sthdebate+從句 討論（考慮）

43、是否The government is debating the education laws.=The government is debating about the education laws.政府正在就教育法進行辯論。We must debate（about）the question with the rest of the members.我們必須和其他會員討論這個問題。He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend.他在考慮去散步或者去訪友。3、To their surprise, the three c

44、ountries found themselves united peacefully insteadof by war.于是這三個國家驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)他們是和平地而沒有通過戰(zhàn)爭聯(lián)合在一起。find sb/sth done（doing）發(fā)現(xiàn)某人（物）處于某種狀態(tài)。此處的done/doing作賓語sb/sth的補足語（即賓補）。When he came back home, he found everything changed.（橫線部分為簡單句）=When he came back home, he found that everything had been changed.（橫線部分為簡單句）

45、當(dāng)他回家時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都變了。Entering the room, I found a cat sitting on the table.（橫線部分為簡單句）=Entering the room, I found that a cat was sitting on the table.（橫線部分為復(fù)合句）走進房間，我發(fā)現(xiàn)一只貓坐在桌上。練習(xí)When I went out, I found a young boy C under the tree.A lied B lain C lying D laying4、However, just as they were going to get Ire

46、land connected to form the UnitedKingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government.然而，正當(dāng)他們打算把愛爾蘭也聯(lián)合起來組建聯(lián)合王國的時候，愛爾蘭的南部卻分離出去了，并建立了自己的政府。break away（from）掙脫The thief broke away from the policeman and run away.小偷掙脫警察后逃跑了。Nowadays many farmers want to break away from the cou

47、ntryside and make a livingin cities.現(xiàn)在許多農(nóng)民都想離開農(nóng)村到城里謀生。練習(xí)臺灣不應(yīng)該脫離大陸。Taiwan should not break away from the Mainland.5、England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is dividedroughly into three zones.在這四個國家中，英格蘭是最大的，為方便起見，它大致可以分為三個地區(qū)。divide into分開；分作 be divided into被分為（分作）A year is

48、 divided into twelve mouths. 一年分為十二個月。Lets divide ourselves into several groups. 我們分成幾個小組吧。相關(guān)鏈接：divided by除以15 divided by 3 is（gives/equals）5. 15除以3等于5。練習(xí)、98除以2等于49。98 divided by 2 is 49.6、All of the words below can take place of said .下面所有這些詞都可以替代saidtake the place of sb=take ones place替代某人take pla

49、ce發(fā)生Mr. Smith is ill, so I will take his place today.=Mr. Smith is ill, so I will take the place of him today.=Mr. Smith is ill, so I will teach you in place of him today.=Mr. Smith is ill, so I will teach you instead of him today.史密斯先生病了，所以我今天替他教你們。This took place a century ago.這件事發(fā)生在一個世紀以前。練習(xí)My wa

50、tch is out of order and I want to buy a new one to D.A take place B take ones place C take the place D take its place7、On my way to the station my car broke down.去車站的路上，我的車壞了。break down（機器、車輛）壞了；（計劃等）受挫；（人身體）出毛病。均不用被動語態(tài)。The TV has broken down again.電視機又出故障了。You will break down if you overwork every

51、day.如果你每天超負荷地工作，身體會累垮的。Without your help our plan would break down.要是沒有你的幫助，我們的計劃就失敗了。語法：The Past Participle（2）as the Object Complement（過去分詞作賓語補足語）關(guān)于賓語補足語，先看以下一組句子：I found the boy very clever.（形容詞作賓補）We call him our monitor.（名詞作賓補）Mother made me wash the clothes again.（動詞原形作賓補）We found a lot of home

52、work to do.（動詞不定式作賓補）We saw the boy running out.（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補）She found her bicycle stolen.（過去分詞作賓補）英語中的賓語補足語（簡稱賓補）用來補充說明賓語。過去分詞表示被動或完成，作賓補的時候要把握好這一點。（以上第5句為主動，第6句為被動）練習(xí)1、Can you find the following sentence in the reading passage?Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.In this se

53、ntence the past participle is used as the object complement andis formed with have/get/find/ . + object + past participle.Please find three more sentences from the reading passage with pastparticiple used as the object complement.Now, when anyone refers to England you find Wales included as well.So

54、to their surprise the three countries found themselves united . they were going to get Ireland connected to the other three .2、Complete the sentences by using the words in brackets and the structurehave/get/find something done.We have got the house mended（the house/mend）now.You look different today.

55、 Have you had your hair cut（you/your hair/cut）?Do you want to have the dictionary delivered（the dictionary/deliver）to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it?A: Could I have a look at the photographs you took when you were in Europe?B: Sorry, I havent had the film developed（not/the film/develop）yet.On my way to the station my car broke down. When I got to the repair shopI found it closed（it/close）.The computer doesnt seem to work well. Youd better get it repaired（it/repair）.Jill and Eric got all their money stolen（all t