必修三Module3課件.

1、MODULE 3The Violence of Natureflooda lot of water in an area which is usually dryHurricane a very strong wind or stormLightning The flash of light which happens during a thunderstormthunderstorma lot of rain falling quickly , with loud noises and flashes of lighttornadoa column of air that turns ver

2、y quicklysandstormfloodhurricanelightningthunderstormsandstormtornadoearthquaketyphoontsunami/tidal wavevolcanic eruption洪水洪水颶風(fēng)颶風(fēng)閃電閃電雷暴雷暴沙塵暴沙塵暴龍卷風(fēng)龍卷風(fēng)地震地震臺風(fēng)臺風(fēng)海嘯海嘯火山噴發(fā)火山噴發(fā)Disasters of Nature 詞匯一1. 1. 災(zāi)難災(zāi)難 2. 2. 洪水洪水3. 3. 颶風(fēng)颶風(fēng)4. 4. 閃電閃電5. 5. 雷暴雷暴6. 6. 龍卷風(fēng)龍卷風(fēng)7. 7. 柱狀物柱狀物8. 8. 經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷9. 9. 引起，導(dǎo)致引起，導(dǎo)致10. 10.

3、 海流，潮流海流，潮流11. 11. 緯度緯度12.12.家具家具13. 13. 埋葬埋葬 詞匯一1. 1. 災(zāi)難災(zāi)難 disasterdisaster 2. 2. 洪水洪水 floodflood3. 3. 颶風(fēng)颶風(fēng) hurricanehurricane4. 4. 閃電閃電 lightninglightning5. 5. 雷暴雷暴 thunderstormthunderstorm6. 6. 龍卷風(fēng)龍卷風(fēng)tornadotornado7. 7. 柱狀物柱狀物columncolumn8. 8. 經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷experienceexperience9. 9. 引起，導(dǎo)致引起，導(dǎo)致 causecause10

4、. 10. 海流，潮流海流，潮流currentcurrent11. 11. 緯度緯度 latitudelatitude12.12.家具家具 furniture furniture13. 13. 埋葬埋葬 buryburyModule2 Module2 詞匯語法專練答案詞匯語法專練答案詞匯專練： 1-10 BCBCBCBADD11-20 CBADDBDDCA21-34 BCBAADBCBD DACA語法專練1-10 ACBBDCDBAC11-20 AABDCDACBC21-35 AADBDBBADC BBBAC 詞匯二1. 1. 羽毛羽毛 2. 2. 毛皮毛皮3. 3. 發(fā)生發(fā)生4. 4. 熱帶

5、的熱帶的5. 5. 赤道赤道6. 6. 旋轉(zhuǎn)的旋轉(zhuǎn)的7. 7. 猛烈的猛烈的8. 8. 波浪波浪9. 9. 襲擊襲擊 10. 10. 墓地墓地11. 11. 棺材棺材12.12.毀壞毀壞13. 13. 噴發(fā)（名詞動詞均可）噴發(fā)（名詞動詞均可）14.14.巖漿巖漿15. 15. 受潮水影響的受潮水影響的16. 16. 火山火山 詞匯二1. 1. 羽毛羽毛featurefeature2. 2. 毛皮毛皮furfur3. 3. 發(fā)生發(fā)生occuroccur4. 4. 熱帶的熱帶的tropicaltropical5. 5. 赤道赤道equatorequator6. 6. 旋轉(zhuǎn)的旋轉(zhuǎn)的rotatingr

6、otating7. 7. 猛烈的猛烈的violentviolent8. 8. 波浪波浪wavewave9. 9. 襲擊襲擊strikestrike 10. 10. 墓地墓地cemeterycemetery11. 11. 棺材棺材coffincoffin12.12.毀壞毀壞ruinruin13. 13. 噴發(fā)噴發(fā)erupt/eruptionerupt/eruption14.14.巖漿巖漿lavalava15. 15. 受潮水影響的受潮水影響的tidaltidal16. 16. 火山火山volcanovolcanoFast readingRead the text silently and qui

7、ckly, then answer the following questions1.How many disasters are mentioned in the text ?2. What is a Tornado?3.What is a Hurricane?TwoA Tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.A hurricane is a severe tropical storm that forms in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbe

8、an Sea And the Gulf of Mexico.Answer the questionsMore than 400 km per hour.It stays where it was.About 800.Reading aloud1. How strong are tornado winds?2. What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by a tornado?3. How many tornadoes are there in the US every year?4. How many people died

9、 in the worst tornado of all time ?More than 700.It has huge waves.8th September,1900.5. What happens at sea during a hurricane? 6. When was the worst hurricane of all time?7. Was the actor Charles Coghlan killed in it?8. What happened to him after the hurricane?No, he wasnt.His coffin was dropped i

10、n the sea by a hurricane and carried to Canada by the Gulf Stream.Detailed-reading (T or F)1. All tornadoes have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.2. There are more tornadoes occurring in the US than in other parts of the world.3. In the US, there are 800 tornadoes every year, causing about

11、 80 deaths.4.The worst tornado in history killed at least 700 people.The most violent on average5.Every year there are six Atlantic hurricanes.6.Both the worst tornado and the worst hurricane occurred in the US.7.The worst hurricane of all time killed about one-sixth of the population in the city of

12、 G.8.Charles Coghlan became famous when he moved to New York.9.Coghlans coffin was destroyed by the 1900 Galveston hurricane.10.It was only because of the hurricane that Coghlans body could travel back to Canada.on averagecemetery vThe worst earthquake _（發(fā)生）（發(fā)生）the United States in 1906,_(導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致)the w

13、orst fires in the nations history.vThe fires _ three days, which _a total of 25,000 buildings.vThe worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, _ （影響）（影響）three US states.vBy the time it ended, more than 700 people _ （死亡）（死亡）and 2700 _（受傷）（受傷）.vThe traffic _ and the supply of water and electricity _.o

14、ccurred in/happened in/hit/struckcausinglasteddestroyedaffectinghad been deadhad been injuredwas blockedwere cut offComplete the following sentences.Work in group and discuss: 1. experience的不同詞性和意義的不同詞性和意義2. cause的不同詞性和意義以及表達的不同詞性和意義以及表達 “導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致”的短語的短語3. bury的不同意義的不同意義4. the sameas與與the samethat的區(qū)別的區(qū)別

15、5. violent與與fierce的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. Do you know anyone who has experienced one of the events? 這個句子中包含了一個由這個句子中包含了一個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 并在從句中作主語并在從句中作主語; 在從句修飾在從句修飾anyone. Jackson is a friend of mine who works in a department in the company.試問試問: 這里的這里的who可以省略嗎可以省略嗎? 什么時候才可以什么時候才可以省略省略? experience vt. / n. (p

16、age 48)1) Young as he is, David has gained _ rich experience in _ society.A. the; the B. a; / C. /; / D. /; the2) Mr. Kroll is an officer with _, who has lots of strange _. Even he _ what death means.A. experience; experiences; has experiencedB. experiences; experiences; has experiencedC. experience

17、; experience; experiencedD. experiences; experience; experienced3) -Im wondering why the visitors chose to stay with the host family. -_ the real local life.A. ExperiencingB. ExperienceC. To experienceD. Having experienced 詞匯三1. 1. 以前的以前的 2. 2. 可能性可能性3. 3. 地震地震4. 4. 嚇人的，可怕的嚇人的，可怕的5. 5. 幸運地幸運地6. 6. 滿

18、懷感激地滿懷感激地7. 7. 滿懷希望地滿懷希望地8. 8. 傷心地傷心地9. 9. 幸運地幸運地 10. 10. 警告警告11. 11. 全世界的全世界的12.12.積極的積極的13. 13. 損害，傷害損害，傷害 詞匯三1. 1. 以前的以前的 previousprevious2. 2. 可能性可能性possibilitypossibility3. 3. 地震地震earthquakeearthquake 4. 4. 嚇人的，可怕的嚇人的，可怕的terrifyingterrifying5. 5. 幸運地幸運地luckilyluckily6. 6. 滿懷感激地滿懷感激地thankfullyth

19、ankfully7. 7. 滿懷希望地滿懷希望地hopefullyhopefully8. 8. 傷心地傷心地sadlysadly9. 9. 幸運地幸運地fortunately fortunately 10. 10. 警告警告warningwarning11. 11. 全世界的全世界的worldwideworldwide 12.12.積極的積極的activeactive13. 13. 損害，傷害損害，傷害damagedamage2. cause (page 48-49)1) v.使發(fā)生，造成，引起，導(dǎo)致使發(fā)生，造成，引起，導(dǎo)致vWhat caused the extreme whether?vH

20、is illness caused him to miss the game.2) n. 原因原因, 起因起因(of); 理由理由, 動機動機(for); 事業(yè)事業(yè), 理想理想(of)vUnemployment is a major cause of poverty.vThe cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast. reason 原因原因,理由，常與理由，常與for, why, that連用連用 What is your reason for your absence? The reason why he

21、 was late is that he met the traffic jam. cause sb. to do sth. 致使某人做某事致使某人做某事 lead to 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致 result in 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致 give rise / birth to 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致 bring about 導(dǎo)致，引起導(dǎo)致，引起 come about 發(fā)生發(fā)生 (= happen, occur)(1)這起事故的原因是什么這起事故的原因是什么? Whats the cause of this accident?(2)她已下定決心為和平事業(yè)奮斗終生她已下定決心為和平事業(yè)奮斗終生. She has made up her

22、 mind to struggle for the cause of peace.(3)你知道他做這件事的動機是什么嗎你知道他做這件事的動機是什么嗎? Do you know his cause of doing it?3. hit 襲擊，擊中，使遭受襲擊，擊中，使遭受,到達某地，達到程度到達某地，達到程度,撞撞擊，碰撞擊，碰撞; 突然想起突然想起vYunnan Province has been hit seriously by drought.vShe hit him on the head with her umbrella.vJohn hit him in the face.vTemp

23、erature hit 40 yesterday. The bus hit the bridge. Drive on till you hit the highway. Then a practical idea hit me. Youve hit it.你說對了你說對了 (hit it 說對，猜對說對，猜對) put it 敘述敘述, 描述描述 guess it 猜對猜對 got it 說對說對; 明白明白, 理解理解 make it 獲得成功獲得成功 4. end up 結(jié)果為結(jié)果為,以以.結(jié)束，結(jié)束，vWe were to go out, but ended up watching TV

24、 at home.vThe meeting ended up with a new song.用用結(jié)束結(jié)束vHe ended up as the head of the company.最終成為最終成為vThey worked hard, but ended in failure.以失敗告終以失敗告終v come to an end 結(jié)束結(jié)束 put an end to使使終止終止v bringto an end使使終止終止v make both ends meet量入為出量入為出v on end直立著，豎著直立著，豎著 in the end最終，最后最終，最后v at the end of

25、在在末端，在末端，在的盡頭的盡頭v by the end of 在在結(jié)束前結(jié)束前, 到到結(jié)束時結(jié)束時 5. strike (struck; struck或或stricken) 1) 撞，碰，撞擊，踢球，鐘敲響，劃火柴撞，碰，撞擊，踢球，鐘敲響，劃火柴vShe is in hospital with head injuries after being struck by a car.vThe clock has just struck 6.vHe walked up to the penalty and struck the ball firmly into the back of the ne

26、t.vThe matches were too damp to strike.2) (災(zāi)害、疾病等災(zāi)害、疾病等) 突然襲擊突然襲擊A very big earthquake struck that country three years ago.I was struck with a bad cold.3) 突然想到某人、主意；打動突然想到某人、主意；打動心，迷住心，迷住vA good idea struck me. ( occur to)vIt struck me that she was accusing me. (It occurs to sb that.)vI was struck b

27、y its beauty.4) n. 罷工罷工 be on strike在罷工在罷工 go on strike 舉行罷工舉行罷工v be struck by/ on/ with被被打動打動/迷住迷住voccur/happen/take place/break outvThese events _ in 1909.vThe meeting _ at 8:00 as planned.vWhen did the world war II _ ?vWhat _ to him on his way home last night?occurredtook placebreak outhappened6.

28、 current n. 水流，氣流，電流；思潮，潮水流，氣流，電流；思潮，潮流，趨向；流，趨向； adj. 當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的Birds use warm air currents to help their flight.Ministers are worried about this current of anti-government feeling.He is your current employer.拓展拓展:current affairs current English7. bury的用法的用法A. vt. 埋葬埋葬, 安葬安葬; 掩埋掩埋; 掩飾掩飾, 掩蓋掩蓋 (1

29、)他被埋在哪里了他被埋在哪里了? Where has he been buried? (2)海盜海盜(pirate)埋葬了他們的財寶埋葬了他們的財寶. Pirates buried their treasure.搭配搭配 bury alive 活埋活埋 be buried alive 被活埋被活埋bury ones face in ones hands 雙手掩面雙手掩面B. vt. 使陷入使陷入They buried themselves in their work. = They were buried in their work.搭配搭配 bury oneself in = be buri

30、ed in 埋頭埋頭于于 / 專心于專心于表達同一意義的短語表達同一意義的短語: be lost in = lose oneself in be devoted to = devote oneself to be concentrated on = concentrate on 8. leave sb/sth.+ 賓補賓補 v“使使處于某種狀態(tài)處于某種狀態(tài)”: doing / done / adj. / adv. / prep. PhrasevShe left her baby crying .vDont leave the door open.vDont leave your work ha

31、lf done.vAlways leave things where you can find them again.v leave behind 遺留遺留, 忘記攜帶忘記攜帶 leavebehindv leavealone 丟下丟下不管不管, 不理會不理會, 不干涉不干涉v leave off 使停止使停止, 結(jié)束結(jié)束, 戒除戒除, 不再使用不再使用v leave out 漏寫漏寫, 遺漏遺漏, 漏掉漏掉, 省去省去, 刪除刪除v leave over留下留下, 剩下剩下v用用leave的句型及相關(guān)短語填空的句型及相關(guān)短語填空:1.The young mother left her baby

32、_ .(cry)2.Better leave it_ .(話還是不講出來的好）話還是不講出來的好）3.Alaways _things where you can find them again.4.Ive_ my keys in the office and now I cant get in.5.When will the snow _?6.You_ a phrase in your dictation.cryingunsaidleave left behind leave offleft out10.Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains, and even

33、houses and put them down in the next streetv pick up 拾起拾起/卷起卷起;用車用車(船船)搭載某人搭載某人;(健康健康/景氣景氣/事態(tài)事態(tài))恢復(fù)恢復(fù)/變好變好;偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn);得到知識得到知識;耳聞而學(xué)會耳聞而學(xué)會;收聽廣播收聽廣播/電視節(jié)目電視節(jié)目;增加速度。增加速度。v pick out 選擇選擇/找出找出/分辨出分辨出,了解了解/領(lǐng)會，領(lǐng)會，1. Tornadoes can _ cars, trains and even houses and put them _ in the next street-or even in the n

34、ext town.2. My uncle will_ you _ in the car.3. I just _ Greek when I lived in Greece.4. I managed to _ an American news broadcast.5. The train was gradually _ speed.pick updownpick uppick uppick up picking up 11. the sameas 和和一樣；一樣； the same thatvShe wears the same kind of clothes as her sister wear

35、s.vShe wears the same clothes that she wore at Marys wedding.1. On the street, I saw the same car _ had been stolen last Friday.A. which B. asC. thatD. it2. My brother was born in the same hospital _ I was.A. that B. where C. as D. which3. So _ was the storm last night that a lot of buildings were d

36、amaged.A. fierce B. strong C. violent D. heavy 12. latitude緯度緯度vThe two cities are at the same latitude.v the north/south latitude北北/南緯南緯v lat. 3525N,北緯北緯35度度25分分詞匯拓展詞匯拓展:vlongitude n.經(jīng)度經(jīng)度valtitude n.海拔海拔vattitude n.態(tài)度態(tài)度13.On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 dea

37、ths and 1500 injures.vThe worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states:v 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中的作什么成分？現(xiàn)在分詞在句中的作什么成分？v causing, having caused, to cause, causedvonly + 不定式，表示什么？不定式，表示什么？vHe hurried to the school only to find there were no classes.14. take off 脫下脫下/取下取下/卸妝卸妝;切除切除;動身動身,離開離開;起飛

38、起飛;減價減價;請假請假;模仿模仿; 成功成功/成名成名v take on雇用某人，承擔(dān)工作、責(zé)任，呈現(xiàn)雇用某人，承擔(dān)工作、責(zé)任，呈現(xiàn)v take in 把把拿進拿進/帶進帶進;吸入吸入;留留住宿住宿;理解理解,領(lǐng)悟領(lǐng)悟;欺欺騙騙,謀騙謀騙v take over 繼承繼承;接受接受;接管接管v take to 喜歡上喜歡上;親近親近;上上癮癮;養(yǎng)成養(yǎng)成的惡習(xí)的惡習(xí)v take up 拿起拿起,舉起舉起;占時間占時間/空間空間;開始工作開始工作;產(chǎn)生興趣產(chǎn)生興趣v take down 寫下寫下, 記下記下; 拆毀拆毀, 拆下拆下v take out 拿出拿出, 取出取出; 省略省略v take

39、away 帶走帶走, 拿走拿走v用用take所構(gòu)成的短語填空：所構(gòu)成的短語填空：1.I cannot _why you are angry.2.The salesman_ the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods.3.Id like to _ for home tomorrow.4.He _ drinking recently.5.They have _ our firm by buying up shares.6.He began to _ Spanish three years ago.take inhave tak

40、en intake offhas taken totaken overtake up7. They can _ the fur _ the back of a cat and the feathers _ a chicken.8. I forgot to _ my make-up last night.9. When the plane was _ , I remembered that I had not turned the iron off.takeoffofftake offtaking off15. violent adj.猛烈的，兇猛的，狂暴的，猛烈的，兇猛的，狂暴的，也可指自然力

41、量的破壞性和不可控制性。也可指自然力量的破壞性和不可控制性。v fierce adj.指人或動物，兇猛的，兇狠的，指人或動物，兇猛的，兇狠的，兇殘的，也可指動作或情感。兇殘的，也可指動作或情感。vThe storm was very violent.vThe fierce dog frightened the neighbors away.翻譯下列句子翻譯下列句子:1. 史密斯先生是一個經(jīng)驗豐富的科學(xué)家史密斯先生是一個經(jīng)驗豐富的科學(xué)家, 他有他有許多不尋常的經(jīng)歷許多不尋常的經(jīng)歷.Mr. Smith is a scientist with rich experience, having lots

42、 of unusual experiences.2. 什么使得這些稀有生物滅絕了什么使得這些稀有生物滅絕了?What caused these rare animals to die out?3. 專心于看小說專心于看小說, 她沒聽到敲門聲她沒聽到敲門聲.Buried in a novel, she didnt hear the knock on the door.鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)Cultural CornerEarthquakes Around the PacificWork in groups and discuss the following language points v1. se

43、ntence patterns of “occur”v2. the Chinese meanings of “pick up”v3. the Chinese meanings of “pick out”v4. phrases of verb “put”v5. phrases of verb “take”v6. sentence patterns and phrases of verb “l(fā)eave”1. occur發(fā)生發(fā)生(page 49)Sth. occursSth. occurs to sb. 某人想起某事某人想起某事It occurs to sb. that某人想起某人想起.It occ

44、urs to sb. to do sth.某人想起做某事某人想起做某事注意注意: occur prefer refer比較比較: happen, occur, come about, break out, take place1. put down放下、記下，鎮(zhèn)壓、平息放下、記下，鎮(zhèn)壓、平息put aside擱置擱置;儲存儲存 put away收好收好;放好放好put up 搭起搭起;張貼張貼;留宿留宿 put out 熄滅熄滅;生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn);制造制造put on 穿上穿上;上演上演;假裝假裝;增加速度增加速度;體重，體重，put up with忍受忍受;容忍容忍 put forward建議建議;

45、提出提出;推薦推薦put back 把把放回放回put off 推遲推遲, 拖延拖延v用用put 所構(gòu)成的短語填空：所構(gòu)成的短語填空：1.Put the recorder _ where it was.2.Never_till tomorrow what you can do today.3.She _all the lights before going to bed.4.The first time we came here, we _at the hotel.5.He _an air of innocence when he got the news.backput offput out

46、put upput on2.destroy 毀壞、毀滅，用于不能或很難恢復(fù)。毀壞、毀滅，用于不能或很難恢復(fù)。 damage 傷害，損害，用于傷害，損害，用于無生命的東西，可無生命的東西，可修復(fù)修復(fù) harm 傷害，損害，用于有生命的東西，指傷傷害，損害，用于有生命的東西，指傷及一個人或其及一個人或其健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)。 hurt 指指精神或肉體精神或肉體上的創(chuàng)傷、傷害，上的創(chuàng)傷、傷害，不及物不及物動詞時，動詞時，“疼痛疼痛” injure 指指意外事故意外事故造成的傷害造成的傷害 3. on average / on an average / on the average 平均平

47、均 above (the) average 在平均水平以上在平均水平以上 below (the) average 在平均水平以下在平均水平以下 up to the average 達到一般水平達到一般水平 average adj. 平均的，一般的，普通的平均的，一般的，普通的4. of all time有史以來有史以來He is the most successful politician of all time.The Great Wall is one of the greatest work of all time. at one time從前從前,曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng),一度一度 at a time

48、 一次一次,同時同時,連續(xù)地連續(xù)地 ahead of time 提前，提早提前，提早 at times有時有時,偶爾偶爾 = from time to time in time及時及時,來得及來得及,總有一天總有一天 on time 準(zhǔn)時準(zhǔn)時 at no time 決不決不 have a good time玩得高興玩得高興 at the same time have a hard time doing做某事有困難做某事有困難1)Its time to do sth.到某人做某事的時間了到某人做某事的時間了Its time for sb to do Its time that sb did/ s

49、hould do sth.Every/Each/The last/The first time that +從句從句.(連詞連詞)2) It / This / That is the + 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 + time + (that) + 主語主語 + have / has + done It / This / That was the + 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 + time + (that) + 主主語語 + had + done4) There was a time when有有.這么一段時間這么一段時間5) It will be / was some time before.才才.就就.6) It

50、 is / has been some time since自從自從.以來以來.回顧回顧:The moment/ minute/ as soon as/once/Instantly/ Directly/ Immediately/ hardly.when./no sooner.than 一一.就就.5. affect v.影響影響vThe rise in prices will affect all classes.vThe climate affected his health.v have an effect / influence on (upon) 對對有影有影響響vhave an im

51、pact on對對有強烈的影響有強烈的影響/沖擊沖擊v have no effect on對對沒有影響沒有影響v take effect生效，起作用生效，起作用v come/go into effect開始生效，開始實行開始生效，開始實行v bring/carry/putinto effect實行，實施實行，實施,v in effect事實上，實際上事實上，實際上v with effect有效地有效地 6. warn 提醒，警告提醒，警告 warn sb that 提醒某人提醒某人 warn sb of sth 提醒某人某事提醒某人某事 warn sb not to do sth 提醒某人不要

52、做某事提醒某人不要做某事 warn sb against doing sth 提醒某人不要做某提醒某人不要做某事事7. set fire to= set sth on fire使使著火，放火著火，放火燒毀燒毀 catch fire 著火著火 (表動作表動作) be on fire 著火著火(表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài)); 興奮興奮,熱衷于熱衷于(for) make a fire 生火生火 play with fire 玩火玩火, 做危險的事做危險的事 a/ the fire 指火災(zāi)指火災(zāi)/爐火爐火 A fire broke out. light/ put out a fire 點火點火/熄火熄火 fight

53、 a fire 救火救火 fire at/ on向向開火開火8. accident意外事件，事故意外事件，事故v incident 小事件；事件，事變（指政治、小事件；事件，事變（指政治、軍事）軍事）vA funny incident happened in the ceremony.v a border incidentv event指重大事件，重大活動，有歷史意義指重大事件，重大活動，有歷史意義的事件，運動項目，比賽的事件，運動項目，比賽v the chief events of 2010v a main event主要的比賽主要的比賽 Grammar One :The past perf

54、ect passive1.Voice: Active voice and Passive voice2.當(dāng)句子的主語為謂語動詞的承受者，且該動當(dāng)句子的主語為謂語動詞的承受者，且該動作發(fā)生在過去的某個時間或動作之前時，謂作發(fā)生在過去的某個時間或動作之前時，謂語形式要用過去完成的被動語態(tài)，語形式要用過去完成的被動語態(tài)，had been doneHe came and told us that the work had been finished.He said that some bridges had been washed away.Grammar(1)His bike had been st

55、olen before he came here.不知道動作的執(zhí)行者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者(2)The prisoners had been set free. 沒必要說出動作的執(zhí)行者沒必要說出動作的執(zhí)行者(3)My watch had been repaired. 主語是談話的中心或需要被強調(diào)主語是談話的中心或需要被強調(diào)(4)Enough had been said about the problem last night before we went to bed. 出于委婉、禮貌出于委婉、禮貌(5)The house had been washed away by the flood. 執(zhí)行

56、者不是人時執(zhí)行者不是人時Grammar Two: Indirect speech 直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語。 說話人轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語說話人轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。 間接引語多數(shù)構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語變間接引語多數(shù)構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語變間接引語時，應(yīng)從動詞、人稱、時態(tài)、代間接引語時，應(yīng)從動詞、人稱、時態(tài)、代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要視情況而進詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要視情況而進行相應(yīng)的變化。行相應(yīng)的變化。1. 動詞變化動詞變化 said to told ; 直接引語是問句時直接引語是問句時, said to askedHis younger sis

57、ter said to me, “ He cant go to school.”His younger sister told me that he couldnt go to school.His mother said to me, “Are you interested in science?”His mother asked me if I was interested in science.She said, “I will come this evening.”She said she would go that evening.2.時態(tài)變化時態(tài)變化 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 現(xiàn)在進行

58、時現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 一般將來時一般將來時 現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時 一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時過去將來時過去將來時過去完成進行時過去完成進行時過去完成時過去完成時“I am a student,” he said. He said he was a student.注意：當(dāng)直接引語中有具體的過去時間，變間接引語注意：當(dāng)直接引語中有具體的過去時間，變間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。時，時態(tài)不變。My father said to me, “ I read the book in 1995.”My father told me tha

59、t he read the book in 1995.當(dāng)直接引語表示客觀真理時，時態(tài)不變當(dāng)直接引語表示客觀真理時，時態(tài)不變The geography teacher said to us, “the earth goes around the sun.”The geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.3.代詞變化：一主二賓三不變代詞變化：一主二賓三不變My mother said to me. “ I will go to the cinema.”My mother told me that she would

60、go to the cinema.The teacher said to us, “Are you ready?”The teacher asked us if we were ready.She said to me, “ Tom has passed the exam.”She told me that Tom had passed the exam. 4.時間狀語、地點狀語的變化：時間狀語、地點狀語的變化： now-then, ago-before, today-that day, this morning/week-that morning/week yesterday- the da