(人教版)高中英語(yǔ)必修3重點(diǎn)詞匯(講解部分)

1、專(zhuān)題一必修1重點(diǎn)詞匯講解部分要點(diǎn) 一：take place1. （2017 d匕京改編）We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing （ 力口強(qiáng)）connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that（發(fā)生）while we sleep have been unclear.2. （2017 新課全國(guó)卷 III 改編）Where does the conversation probably（發(fā)生）？【參考答案】1. take plac

2、e2. take place【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)津】take place是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?！局R(shí)講解】take the place of （動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）代替/取代in place of （介詞短語(yǔ)）代替；交換in place放在合適的位置；適合的，恰當(dāng)?shù)膐ut of place不在合適的位置；不適當(dāng)?shù)膇n the first place （列舉理由）首先，第一點(diǎn)in one's place處于某人的位置，為某人設(shè)身處地想一想take sb's place / take the place of sb代替某人的職務(wù)，取代某人【易混辨析】 take place /

3、happen / occur / come about / break out這幾個(gè)詞/短語(yǔ)均可以表示"發(fā)生"，但是用法有區(qū)別。take place往表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦u , 一般指非偶然性事件的u發(fā)生“，即這種事件的發(fā)生n 有某種原因或事先的安排。happen作“發(fā)生、碰巧發(fā)生“解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。occur作u發(fā)生、想到、突然想起“解，其意義相當(dāng)于happenocome about表示“發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生“，多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了， 但還不知道為什么， 常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。break out意思為“發(fā)生、爆發(fā)"，常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病、火災(zāi)或者爭(zhēng)吵等事件的發(fā)

4、生，也可以表 示突然大聲叫喊等。要點(diǎn)二：award（2017 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 II 改編）Before the school year ended, I gave the kids a special gift, T-shirts with the words " Verbs Are Your " on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs （動(dòng)詞） may seem dull,most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.A. Fr

5、iendsB. AwardsC. MastersD. Tasks【參考答案】A【試題解析】考查名詞i我辨析。A.Friends朋友5 B.Awardf獎(jiǎng)j C.Masters主大汗D.Ta£ks任務(wù)口襯衫上寫(xiě) 著''動(dòng)詞是你的朋友”，故選A?！局R(shí)講解】1. award n.獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品；vt.授予；判定award sb. sth./award sth. to sb.授予某人某物be awarded for.因而得獎(jiǎng)win/receive/get an award for.因而獲獎(jiǎng)2. reward n.報(bào)酬,報(bào)答 vt.報(bào)答;酬謝as a reward for/in r

6、eward for 作為的報(bào)酬 /獎(jiǎng)賞give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.因某事而報(bào)答某人reward sb. for sth.因某事獎(jiǎng)賞某人reward sb. with sth.用某物作為某人的回報(bào)【易混辨析】award/reward/prize易混詞含義用法award獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)多指對(duì)于優(yōu)異成績(jī)或卓越貢獻(xiàn)經(jīng)評(píng)定后正式授予的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，強(qiáng)調(diào)榮譽(yù)，而 不在乎獎(jiǎng)品的大小或獎(jiǎng)金的多少。reward報(bào)答，報(bào)償；獎(jiǎng)賞多指對(duì)某人的工作或服務(wù)等的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，尤指以金錢(qián)等形式的獎(jiǎng)賞。prize獎(jiǎng)賞，獎(jiǎng)金，獎(jiǎng)品多指在各類(lèi)競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或抽獎(jiǎng)中所贏得的獎(jiǎng)。這種獎(jiǎng)有的憑能力獲得， 有的憑運(yùn)氣獲得。

7、，卜要點(diǎn)三：look forward to（2017 新課全國(guó)卷 III 改編）She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is（盼望）the challenge of her new A-level course.【參考答案】looking forward to【拓展延伸】"動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）+介詞to”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ):get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真干pay attention to 注意devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身；致力于be used/accustomed t

8、o 習(xí)慣于be addicted to 沉溺于lead to導(dǎo)致adjust/adapt to 適應(yīng)object to/be opposed to 反對(duì)contribute to促成；是 成因之一look into往里面看工look out向外看"look up抬頭看look forward向前看/ look through看穿look down向下看【巧學(xué)妙記】圖記 look短語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)四：turn up（2017 江蘇改編）For a long time Ga briel didn ' t want to be involved in music at all. In his

9、 first years of high school,Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrumentcases, at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there.A. rising upB. coming upC. driving upD. turning up【參考答案】D【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)©根據(jù)"at school fior

10、 practice hours before anyone else ”可知,學(xué)習(xí)音 樂(lè)的同學(xué)需要比不學(xué)音樂(lè)的早到學(xué)校幾個(gè)小時(shí)，為了練習(xí)彈奏樂(lè)器。mm up在“出現(xiàn)“，符合語(yǔ)境。【特別提醒】turn up除了表示“出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)“外，還有"開(kāi)大一點(diǎn)；找到；朝上翻等意思。? I can ' t hear the musiPJease turn the radio up.我聽(tīng)不到音樂(lè)，請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)開(kāi)大點(diǎn)。? I ' m sure your watch will turn upone of these days.我擔(dān)保你的手表準(zhǔn)有一天能找到。? He turned up his

11、coat collar against the chill wind.他豎起了大衣的領(lǐng)子來(lái)抵御寒風(fēng)?！局R(shí)講解】turn in上交；獲得turn to轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于turn around 轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身turn into 變成turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)，翻過(guò)來(lái)turn back 折回，往回走turn out結(jié)果是，證明是；生產(chǎn)，制造；出席turn off關(guān)上；(使)失去興趣turn down 拒絕；關(guān)小turn on打開(kāi)；突然攻擊turn up出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng)要點(diǎn)五：lie(2015 3胡d匕改編 )There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage his

12、 ability to communicate withforeigners in English.(lie)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這位候選人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于他具有和外國(guó)人用英語(yǔ)交流的能力?！緟⒖即鸢浮縧ies in【知識(shí)講解】lie (1)n.謊言；謊話tell a lie/lies to sb.向某人說(shuō)謊a white lie 一個(gè)善意的謊言(2) vi.說(shuō)謊；躺；位于；坐落在lie to sb.向某人說(shuō)謊lie down 躺下lie in 在于lie in/on/to 位于lie in/on 躺在【易混辨析】lie/lie/lay動(dòng)詞原形意義過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說(shuō)謊；坐落十；位于（vi.）lied

13、liedlyinglie躺；臥（vi.）laylainlyinglay放置；產(chǎn)卵（vt.）laidlaidlaying要點(diǎn)六：scene1. （2017 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 III 改編）This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis 'msst cheerful holiday（scene）.2. （2017 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 III 改編）It was scene that had been repeated many times in the theater 75-year history.【參考答案】1.scenes2. a【知

14、識(shí)講解】scene n.（戲劇）一場(chǎng)；場(chǎng)面；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；景色on the scene在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，當(dāng)場(chǎng)behind the scenes在幕后； 在后臺(tái)appear/come on the scene至U場(chǎng)，出現(xiàn)set the scene提供條件【易混辨析】 view /scene/scenery/sightview多指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處等某個(gè)角度所看見(jiàn)的“景物，景致“。scene除表示U景物，景致“外，還有"場(chǎng)面”之意，大多包括人及人的活動(dòng)在內(nèi)。scenery一個(gè)地區(qū)全部的自然景色，如高山、森林、溪谷等，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色，是不可數(shù)名詞。sight指人們游覽、觀光的風(fēng)景，特別值得T的景物，也可指“情

15、景，景象，視力"。既可以指 場(chǎng)景、眼前看到的景觀，又可以指名勝、風(fēng)景，只是在表示后者的含義時(shí)，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】巧記不同的“風(fēng)景u要點(diǎn)七：permit1. （2017 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 II 改編）The government has already permitted the company（use） special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.2. （2015 天津）With the exception of using a small microwave oven（微波爐）to heat food,

16、students are not permitted（cook） in their rooms.1. to use2. to cook【知識(shí)講解】1. permit （1） vt. & vi.允許，準(zhǔn)許，許可。常見(jiàn)用法：permit doing sth. 允許做某事permit sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事permit sb. sth.允許某人某事（2）n.許可證；執(zhí)照；通行證。常見(jiàn)用法：have got a permit 有的許可證a driver ' s/driving perrmt駛執(zhí)照an entry permit 入境證2. permission n.允

17、許，準(zhǔn)許，許可ask sb. for permission=ask permission from sb. 請(qǐng)求某人許可with/without one ' s permission=with/without the permission of b/不在某人的允許下要點(diǎn)，I: manner（2014 浙江改編）The Swiss follow formal table（禮儀）.【參考答案】manners【知識(shí)講解】manner n.方式；舉止，(pl.)禮貌。常見(jiàn)用法：in a manner在一定程度上in a(n).manner 以的方式bad/good manners 沒(méi)有 /有禮

18、貌【特別提醒】當(dāng)manner意為“方式，方法；舉止；態(tài)度”時(shí)常用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)它意為“禮貌，禮儀；習(xí)俗”時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。【易混辨析】 method/manner/way/meansmethod可數(shù)名詞，其后接"of+動(dòng)名詞u ,不接不定式；特指有系統(tǒng)的方法、方式。manner通常用單數(shù)形式，其后可以接“of+動(dòng)名詞"。主要表示個(gè)人喜歡米用的方式，而且manner不用于表示傳統(tǒng)或習(xí)俗所形成的方式、方法。way可數(shù)名詞，最通用，可以用來(lái)代替前面的任何一個(gè)詞，其后可以接to do，也可以接"of+動(dòng)名詞”。means單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，當(dāng)該詞前加a, this, that,

19、every等時(shí)，為單數(shù)；當(dāng)其前加such, these,those, all等時(shí)，為復(fù)數(shù)。means多指抽象的或概括性的方法?！咎貏e提醒】這幾個(gè)詞均表示“方式，方法"。表示"用這種方法“可以用以下短語(yǔ)：in this way , with this method , by thismeans, in this manner。要點(diǎn)九：in time1. （2017 d匕京改編 ）The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time the special day.2. （2017 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 III 改編

20、）This tour transports you back（ 及時(shí)）to one of San Francisco most fantastic periods, the 1950s!3. （2017 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 III 改編）Do you want to get up（及時(shí)）to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day?1. for2. in time3. in time【知識(shí)講解】on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)in time及時(shí)；終于in no

21、time 立即，馬上at no time絕不(放在句首時(shí)，句子須倒裝 )at a time 一次；每次at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度at times 有時(shí)for the time being 暫時(shí)take one's time 別著急； 慢慢來(lái)against time爭(zhēng)分奪秒地，盡快地in time for sth./to do sth.做某事及時(shí)/來(lái)得及做某事要點(diǎn)十:exist（2017 斗匕京改編 ）A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with

22、living things: a wish to preserve its own(exist).【參考答案】existence【知識(shí)講解】1. exist vi.存在;生存exist on (=live on) 靠為生exist as作為而存在；以 形態(tài)存在exist in(=lie in) 存在于 之中There exist(s). 有/存在【特別提醒】exist是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。2. existence n.存在in existence現(xiàn)存的，現(xiàn)有的come into existence 產(chǎn)生； 成立； 開(kāi)始存在bring into existence 使發(fā)生

23、；使產(chǎn)生3. existing adj.目前的，現(xiàn)存的prevent from1. (2017 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷III 改編)It can prevent us getting shortsighted and it can keep usphysically healthy.【參考答案】from2. (2014 江蘇改編)During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex (自卑感)，which his mother knew could him from achieving his real potentia

24、l.A. preventB. protectC. saveD. free【參考答案】A【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析口 A. prevent阻止/protect保護(hù)C. save拯救f(wàn)D,立比釋放中這里考查短 語(yǔ)國(guó)event sb. from doing皿阻止某人做某事” 語(yǔ)境是“他的母親知道這能夠阻止他獲得他真正的潛 能J故選A,【知識(shí)講解】1 . prevent from!止，制止prevent sb./sth. from doing sth."防止某人 /物做某事"其中的from可省略。但如果在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，from不可省略。? Nothing can prevent h

25、im from working.什么事也阻止不了他工作。? What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening?我們能做些什么阻止事故的發(fā)生呢？2 .近義短語(yǔ)：keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事stop sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事protect sb. from (doing) sth.保護(hù)某人不受 傷害? I tried to keep him from waiting for her.我試圖叫他不要再等她了。? What stopped him from coming h

26、ere?是什么阻止他來(lái)這里的呢？? The farmers protect wheat from heavy rain with rain clothes.農(nóng)民們用雨布遮住小麥，以防被大雨澆壞?！咎貏e提醒】1 .在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去 from;而keep.from doing sth.中的from不可省略，keep sb. doing sth.意為“使某人一直做某事"。2 .在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里，這三個(gè)搭配中的from均不可省略。要點(diǎn)十二： break out1. （2017 汁匕京改編）When some refuse vaccination and see

27、k a free ride, immunity （崩潰）and everyone is in even bigger danger.2. （2017 江蘇改編）（解散）firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again.3. （2017 江蘇改編）Russia is another country with population problems that could（ 破壞）its economic pr

28、omise.【參考答案】1. breaks down2. Breaking up3. break【知識(shí)講解】break out突發(fā);爆發(fā)break away from 脫離（政黨等）；打破（陳套等）break down出故障，拋錨；（計(jì)劃等）失??；（身體、精神等）垮掉；打倒，砸破；（化合物等）分解break in破門(mén)而入；闖入；打斷（話語(yǔ)等）break into 破門(mén)而入，突然 起來(lái)break off折斷；突然中止，斷絕，結(jié)束break through 突破break up打碎，拆散；散開(kāi)，解散；（學(xué)校）期末放假，（集會(huì)）結(jié)束break into pieces 成為碎片【特別注意】break

29、out強(qiáng)調(diào)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病、火災(zāi)等的突然爆發(fā)，一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！菊Z(yǔ)境助記】When the fire broke out, my wife nearly broke down . Immediately I broke into the house and broke through the thick smoke to find my daughter; finally we successfully broke away from the burning building.當(dāng)大火燃燒時(shí)，我的妻子幾乎崩潰，我立即破門(mén)而入，并且沖破重重濃煙去尋找我的女兒；最后，我們成功逃離這燃燒的大樓。要點(diǎn)十三

30、： measure1. （2017 硼江改編）Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for nativesto keep jobs, such（措施）will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration（ 融合）.2. （2017 以津改編）Keep the tone（測(cè)量）：don't handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, espe

31、cially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture（i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names）.3. （2017 沈京改編 ）Tononi's team（測(cè)量）the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.【參考答案】1. measures2. measured3. measured【知識(shí)講解】1. measure （1） vt. & vi.測(cè)量；衡量；判定。常見(jiàn)用法：

32、measure - - against-1 以量； 比較 measure - by 用衡量（2） n.計(jì)量制；計(jì)量單位；措施。常見(jiàn)用法：take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事beyond measure 非常；極其made to measure量身定做的（衣服等）2. measurement n.尺寸；度量； （衡）量measured adj.量過(guò)的；慎重的measurable adj.可測(cè)量的【特別提醒】1. measure作"措施"解時(shí)，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. measure表示"有長(zhǎng)（寬、高等時(shí)嚴(yán)，可看成系動(dòng)詞，后跟量的結(jié)果，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

33、態(tài)及進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。3. measure作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后接人或物，意為"量 "作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后一般接尺寸、面積等，意為“尺寸/面積是"O 要點(diǎn)十四： manage to do1. （2017 刎課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 III 改編）Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and（manage） the wolf packs in Yellowstone.2. （2017刎課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 II）Later, engineers （manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道）,which became known to the tube.【參考答案】1. manages2. managed【拓展延伸】manage sth.經(jīng)營(yíng)/管理某事物manage with 用對(duì)付過(guò)去manage it能做至Umanager n.經(jīng)理；管理人員；經(jīng)濟(jì)人management n.管理；經(jīng)營(yíng)手段；管理部門(mén)【易混辨析】manage to