大學英語1級 第6單元

1、School of Continuing Education大學英語第一冊網絡課程大學英語第一冊網絡課程By School of Foreign Languages2011Unit 6Sam Adams, Industrial Engineer EnterMenuPre-readingWhile-readingPost-readingBackgroundinformationVocabularyPhrasesTextExercises1.American educational system In the United States, education is the responsibili

2、ties of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:kindergartenGrade 05 years oldElementary schoolGrade1-66-11 years oldJunior high or middle schoolGrade7-812-13 years old(senior) high schoolGrade9-1214-17 y

3、ears oldcollege(4 years for a B.A. or B.S. degree)university(2-3 years for an M.A. or M.S.; 2-8 years for a Ph.D)2.Q & A Do you consider yourself an efficient person? In what ways are you efficient? In what ways are you inefficient?BACK“Efficiency expert” for the family(Para.1-4)His suggestions

4、of improvement and his reward“Consultant” in a shirt factory(Para.5-6)Establish a quality controlHis discoveries(Para.7-10)Redesign the assembly lineNo quality controlIrregular work flowPoor working conditionQualities of industrial engineerArrange the family thingsa. Decrease the height of the workt

5、ableb. Provide background music and settingc. Have two breaksd. Excellent work leads to pay increase and promotions1. efficiency the state or quality of being efficient效率adj: efficientantonym: inefficiencye.g. It would improve our efficiency if we used more up-to-date methods. 2. industrial of indus

6、try工業(yè)的n: industry / industrialistvt: industrializee.g. Although European nations generally do well in the survey, the continents major industrial powers of France, Germany and Britain finish 25th, 26th and 29th respectively. BACKHOMENew words3. neat orderly and clean整潔的e.g. He keeps his desk neat. 他

7、保持書桌整潔。 4. elementary of or for beginners初級的n: elementsynonym: basic, primary, simple, introductorye.g. The student took a course in elementary math. BACKHOMENew words6. sock 短襪e.g. He was five feet in his socks. 他不穿鞋身高為五英尺。7. drawer 抽屜e.g. I put it in the left-hand drawer.我將它放在左手的抽屜內。BACK HOMENew w

8、ords8. bureau . 衣柜 . (政府部門的)局e.g. FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation 美國聯邦調查局9. underwear 內衣e.g. She had removed her underwear. 她脫掉了內衣。10. pants trousers褲子 e.g. This jacket will match those pants nicely. 這件夾克和那條褲子會十分相配。 BACKHOMENew words11. expert a person with special knowledge or skille.g. She is

9、 an expert in training animals. 她是馴獸專家。補充：補充： synonym: specialist, professionaln: expertise 專業(yè)知識習慣用法: become expert at (doing) sth.12. kitchen room used for cooking 廚房BACKHOMENew words13. utensil any tool or container used in the house, esp. for cooking用具e.g. This store sells cooking utensils.這商店出售炊

10、具。14. quality the degree of goodness which a thing or a person possesses質量； 品質e.g. Quality often matters more than quantity. 質量往往比數量更重要。補充：補充： synonym: character, property, meritNote: quantity 數量e.g. The quality of service has improved.HOMENew words15. foundation 基礎Synonym: basis, ground, warrant習慣用

11、法: lay solid foundation for 為打下堅實的基礎e.g. Agriculture is the foundation of the nation economy.16. career profession; way of making a living職業(yè)Synonym: occupation, profession, vocatione.g. Throughout US history, numerous foreign-born politicians and policy intellectuals with overseas accents have had b

12、rilliant careers in public service.HOMENew words17. engineering 工程學e.g. genetic engineering 生物遺傳工程(學) civil engineering 土木工程(學) 18. unfortunately 不幸的是e.g. I was unfortunately delayed. 我不幸被耽擱了。 BACK HOMENew words19. bossy always telling other people what to do and how to do it, like a boss愛指揮人的Synony

13、m: dictatoriale.g. A “Massachusetts liberal” is the very worst of a bossy, free-spending, irresponsible tribe.20. project a piece of work; a big plan項目Synonym: blueprint, plan, programe.g. The project is already underway but developers say it will take until 2020 to finish.BACK HOMENew words21. bach

14、elor 學士;單身漢學士: Bachelor碩士: Master博士: Doctor22. graduation completion of an educational course畢業(yè)e.g. He hope to get a good job after graduation. 他希望畢業(yè)后能得到份好工作。 BACK21 BACK22HOMENew words23. graduate graduate from / at 畢業(yè)于e.g. She graduated from Harvard.她畢業(yè)于哈佛大學。 24. short- term involving or lasting a

15、 short period of time短期的基礎25. basis 基礎,根據synonym: base; ground; foundationpl: baseson the basis of e.g. There is no scientific basis for these claims.BACK HOMENew words26. consultant a person who gives professional or technical advice 顧問e.g. There are two consultants to the governor on environmental

16、 protection. 州長有兩個環(huán)保問題顧問。 27. consult .請教: consult sb. .商量,商議: consult with sb.e.g. Ill do nothing without consulting you. 我采取行動之前一定和你商量。補充：補充： Synonym: ask, discussn. consultant 顧問BACKHOMENew words28. amaze fill with great surprise or wonder使大為驚訝e.g. I was amazed at his conduct. 我對他的行為感到驚訝。 補充：補充：S

17、ynonym: surprise, shock, startle, astonish it amaze sb. to hear / see 聽到/看到大吃一驚 to ones amazement 讓人吃驚的是 BACKHOMENew words29. curious strange 奇怪的;好奇的e.g. The boy was curious about everything he saw. 那男孩對所見的一切都感到好奇。 補充：補充：Synonym: (奇怪的) odd, peculiar, strange, queerbe curious about 好奇,想打聽30. whatsoev

18、er of any kind, at all任何的BACKHOMENew words31. inspect examine檢查e.g. They inspected the roof for leaks.他們檢查了屋頂看看是否有漏隙。32. shipment the act of sending, carrying or delivering goods裝運 e.g. The blockade prevented shipments of foreign food from reaching our shores. 封鎖使國外食品不能運抵我們的海岸。 BACKHOMENew wordsg33.

19、 miss 未擊中;錯過;逃脫;發(fā)現丟失;想念;遺漏;省掉 miss不能跟動詞不定式,可跟動名詞.如:未被逮住:miss being caught (right) miss to be caught (wrong)發(fā)現鋼筆丟失: I missed my pen. (right) I found my pen missing. (right) I found my pen missed. (wrong) BACKHOMENew words34. button 紐扣，按鈕e.g. I pushed the button to turn on the light. 我按電鈕把燈打開35. colla

20、r 領子e.g. I seized him by the collar.我一把抓住他的衣領。36. sleeve 袖子e.g. He rolled up his sleeves and got down to work. 他卷起袖子開始工作。 BACKHOMENew words37. relieve make less or easier減輕e.g. Take breaks throughout the day. It will help clear your mind and relieve pressure.補充：補充：relieve sb. of 幫助某人拿(提,做等) ; 使某人免于B

21、ACKHOMENew words38. boring uninteresting and tiresome令人厭煩的e.g. It was boring to sit there without anything to do. 無所事事地坐在那里太無聊了 補充：補充：Synonym: dull, uninteresting, tiresome, flat39. bore make sb. feel tired by being dull or tedious使厭煩e.g. This book bores me. 這本書令我生厭。補充：補充： synonym: annoy, bother, ti

22、reBACKHOMENew words40. workroom a room specially kept for working in 工場41. dull not bright or clear陰暗的 synonym: dark, dim lacking interest or excitement無聊 stupid, unintelligent, dimwitted傻的e.g. I slept through her dull speech.BACKHOMENew words42. flow n. a smooth steady movement or supply流e.g. work

23、flow 工作流程vi. 流動; 垂,飄拂補充：補充：比喻意義: (國家)富有e.g. Our motherland flows with natural resourcesBACKHOMENew words43. workflow 工作流程44. irregular uneven; not continuous不規(guī)則的e.g. These procedures are highly irregular. 這些程序是很不合乎規(guī)則的。45. regular 規(guī)則的e.g. Everything seemed quite regular when the fire broke out. 起火的當時

24、,一切似乎都很正常。 BACKHOMENew words46. absent-minded so concerned with ones thoughts as not to notice what is happening, what one is doing, etc.心不在焉的e.g. The absent-minded boy is always losing his books. 這個心不在焉的男孩老是丟書。 47. absent not present缺席補充：補充：be absent from 未出席,缺席absent-minded 心不在焉的an absent look 漫不經

25、心的表情BACKHOMENew words48. inspection the act of examining ( sth. ) closely or in detail 檢查e.g. Elevators must undergo an annual safety inspection. 電梯必須每年作一次安全檢查。49. assembly 組裝;集會e.g. General Assembly 聯合國大會 Assembly line 裝配線BACKHOMENew words50. assemble 組裝e.g. He was busy assembling the bike. 他忙著裝配自行

26、車。51. assembly line 裝配線52. shiftn. 班,輪班 e.g. day shift 白班v. .搬動,移動 synonym: move, transfer .改變 synonym: change, transform, alternate, alterBACKHOMENew words53. daydream have pleasant dreamlike thoughts 做白日夢e.g. She daydreamed about a carefree holiday abroad. 她幻想到國外過一個無憂無慮的假期。54. fire vt. make (sb.)

27、leave his job 同: dismiss fire sb. 解雇某人vi. to shoot off bullets 同: shoot fire at sb. 朝某人開火n. make a fire 生火 play with the fire 玩火 catch fire 著火(動作) burn on fire 著火(狀態(tài)) set fire to 放火燒,點燃BACKHOMENew words55. observation the act of watching carefully觀察,觀測;觀察結果;觀測后發(fā)表的言論,觀點e.g.1. He is a man of little ob

28、servation. 他是個觀察力極差的人。e.g. 2. I have a few observations to make on your conduct. 我對你的行為有一些看法要說。 e.g. 3. He will publish his observations on the social life of these primitive tribes. 他將公布他對那些原始部落的社會生活觀察所得的資料。 BACKHOMENew words56. observe 觀察,注意 (同: watch, notice) observe sb. do 看到某人做遵守,奉行(同: obey, ab

29、ide by, follow) 發(fā)表觀點/學說(同:remark, comment) observe (to sb.) that 對某人說57. observer 觀察員e.g. The United Nations sent a team of observers to the peace talks. 聯合國派出了一組觀察員出席和平談判。 HOMENew words58. oral spoken, not written 口頭的e.g. An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise. 只有口頭協議是不夠的;我

30、們必須有一個書面承諾。59. findings the results of any research or enquiry調查結果e.g. When the experiment is complete, include your findings in a report. 試驗完成后,請把結果寫入報告。 BACKHOMENew words60. majoradj. 主要的;較大的synonym: chief, primary, importantn. 主修課程;專修的學生e.g. He is a mathematics major. 他是主修數學的學生。 vi. 主修,專攻 (major

31、in)e.g. Alice majors in economics. 艾麗絲主修經濟學。 BACKHOMENew words61. redesign 重新設計62. designvt. 設計; 計劃,謀劃 design to do (doing) sth. 打算做某事n. 設計,構思; 圖案,圖樣; 企圖,圖謀e.g. The greedy man had designs on her fortune. 那個貪婪的人企圖得到她的財產。 BACKHOMENew words63. achieve get by effort實現n. achievement: n.成績;得到e.g. He went

32、back home without having achieved any success.64. decrease make smaller or fewer減少e.g. These measures will help decrease the cost of production. 這些措施有助于降低生產成本。補充：補充：synonym: reduce, decline, diminishantonym: increasedecrease to 減少到decrease by 減少了BACKHOMENew words65. worktable a table at which work i

33、s done工作臺66. operator a person who makes sth. Work 操作人員; (電話)總機,話務員; (外科)手術師e.g. He dialed the operator. 他撥通了接線員。 67. operate vt: 操作,操縱 synonym: run, managevi: (1).活動,運動; (2).動手術 (operate on 給動手術)BACKHOMENew words68. management 管理部門e.g. The management is/are having talks with the workers. 資方正在與工人談話。

34、 69. background 背景e.g. He took a picture of me with the pavilion in the background. 他以那個亭子為背景給我照了一張相片。 BACKHOMENew words70. beautify make beautiful美化e.g. a program to beautify the nations highways 美化國內公路的規(guī)劃 71. setting surroundings環(huán)境e.g. an ideal setting for camping 適宜野營的理想環(huán)境 BACKHOMENew words72. pr

35、oductive producing much多產的,富有成效的,生產性的e.g. Is rice the most productive food-bearing plant? 稻子是不是產糧最多的植物? 補充：補充：Synonym: fertile, effective, fruitful, plentiful, profitable73. frequent adj. happening often經常的Synonym: common, habitualvt: 常到,常去,時常出入于e.g. frequent the library 經常去圖書館BACKHOMENew words74. p

36、romotion 提升，促進e.g. Theyre planning a big promotion for their new washing powder. 他們正籌劃舉辦一次新型洗衣粉的大促銷行動。75. promote 提升,提拔,促進,(商品等)宣傳,促銷Synonym: further, push, elevate, upgrade, advertisee.g. The company promoted the rock groups new record by playing it often on the radio.BACKHOMENew words76. incentive

37、 n. 刺激,鼓勵e.g. The child has no incentive to study harder because his parents cannot afford to send him to college. 這孩子沒有努力學習的動力,因為他父母供不起他上大學。 補充：補充：synonym: encouragement, enticement, impetus, stimulusadj. 刺激的,鼓勵的e.g. incentive payments 獎金B(yǎng)ACKHOMENew wordssuggestion an idea or plan put forward for p

38、eople to think about提議e.g. I ordered a steak at his suggestion. 我根據他的建議點了一份牛排。78. co- owner a joint owner共同所有者 BACKHOMENew words79. manager a person responsible for running a section of a business經理e.g. He is a store manager.他是一位商店的經理。80. compliments formal respects or greetings賀詞；問候e.g. My complime

39、nts to your father! 向你父親代為致意! BACKHOMENew words1. find out learn or discover查明;發(fā)現(尤指壞事)eg1: Mary was angry when Jane found out her secrets.eg2: You may get away with dishonesty for a while, but youll be found out sooner or later.2. turn out happen to be or found to be in the end 結果是eg1: The examinat

40、ion turned our (to be) easy.eg2: It turned out that he was Georges father.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions3. quality control the activity of checking that products are all of satisfactory standard and quality, usu. by testing samples of them質量控制4. as a result because of作為結果,因此eg1: Tom didnt study har

41、d, as a result, he failed to pass the difficult test.eg2: He slipped and broke his leg. As a result, he will have to be away from school for two or three months.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions5. except for apart from除了外 eg1: Your picture is good except for some of the colors.eg2: The room was bare o

42、f furniture except for a few chairs.6. go on strike 罷工eg1: Your parcel was delayed because the post workers went on strike.eg2: Some students wanted to call on the workers to go on strike.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions7. hold up 延遲,耽擱;阻礙eg1: Work on the building site has been held up by the bad wea

43、ther.eg2: The steel strike may hold up the production of cars for several months.8. result in 結果是;導致 eg1: The accident resulted in three deaths.eg2: He felt that the extreme misery of the working people would result in revolution.Result from: 起因于,由所導致eg3: Professor Smiths lung cancer resulted from e

44、xcessive smoking.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions9. talk over 商量;討論eg1: I would like to talk over this problem with you.eg2: Leaders of the two countries have talked the situation over.10. keep up with 跟上e.g. They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions1

45、. Sam Adams薩姆亞當斯2. Indiana印第安納（美國州名）3. Hobbs霍布斯（姓氏）HOMEProper NamesBACKHOMEWhile reading activity: TextTextChinese VersionUnit SixTEXT Sam set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but, as we find out later in this unit, his plans turned out not quite as he had expected.Sam Adams, Industria

46、l EngineerIf you ask my mother how I happened to become an industrial engineer, shell tell you that I have always been one.BACKHOMEtext She means that I have always wanted everything to be well organized and neat. When I was still in elementary school, I liked to keep my socks in the upper left-hand

47、 drawer of my bureau, my underwear in the upper right drawer, shirts in the middle drawer, and pants, neatly folded, in the bottom drawer.BACKHOMEtext In fact, I was the efficiency expert for the whole family. I used to organize my fathers tools, my mothers kitchen utensils, my sisters boyfriends.I

48、needed to be efficient. I wanted to be well organized. For me, there was a place for everything and everything was always in its place. These qualities gave me a good foundation for a career in industrial engineering. BACK HOMEtext Unfortunately, I was also a bit bossy and I wasnt a very good listen

49、er. Youll see what I mean when I tell you about the first project I ever did after I finished my bachelors degree at the university. BACKHOMEtextAfter graduation I returned home to my small town in Indiana. I didnt have a job yet. Mr. Hobbs, a friend of my fathers, owned a small shirt factory in tow

50、n. Within the past five years it had grown from twenty to eighty workers. Mr. Hobbs was worried that his plant was getting too big and inefficient, so he asked me to come in on a short-term basis as a consultant.BACK HOMEtextI went to the plant and spent about a week looking around and making notes.

51、 I was really amazed at what I saw.Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever. No one inspected the final product of the factory. As a result some of the shirts that were put in boxes for shipment were missing one or two buttons, the collar, even a sleeve sometimes!BACKHOMEtext The

52、 working conditions were poor. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable. Except for a half hour at lunchtime, there were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work. There was no music. The walls of the workrooms were a dull gray color. I was amazed that the workers hadn

53、t gone on strike. BACKHOMEtext Furthermore, the work flow was irregular. There was one especially absent-minded young man in the assembly line who sewed on buttons. After a while I recognized him as Big Jim, who used to sit behind me in math class in high school. He was very slow and all the shifts

54、were held up at his position. Workers beyond him in line on his shift had to wait with nothing to do; therefore, a great deal of time and efficiency were lost as Big Jim daydreamed while he worked. All week I wondered why he wasnt fired.BACK HOMEtext After I made observations for a week, Mr. Hobbs a

55、sked me for an oral report of my findings. I covered my major points by telling him the following:If you have a quality control inspection, you will greatly improve your finished product.If the assembly line is redesigned, a smooth work flow can be achieved and time and energy can be saved.If you de

56、crease the height of the worktables, the machine operators will work more comfortably. BACK HOMEtext If the management provides pleasant background music and beautifies the dull setting, the factory will be much more productive.If the workers have a fifteen-minute coffee break in the morning and aft

57、ernoon, they will be more efficient.If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater incentive to produce.BACK HOMEtext Mr. Hobbs thanked me for this report and told me he would talk over my suggestions with his brother, the co-owner and manager of the

58、 factory. Were interested in progress here, he said. We want to keep up with the times.He also gave me a check for $ 100 and a box of shirts with his compliments. BACK HOMEtext第六單元第六單元 薩姆開始首手提高襯衫廠的效率，但根據我們在本單元中所發(fā)現的，他的計劃與他所期待的并不一樣 工業(yè)管理工程師薩姆工業(yè)管理工程師薩姆. .亞當斯亞當斯 如果你問我母親，我怎么偏偏會成為一名工業(yè)管理工程師的，她就會告訴你，我一直就是這樣一

59、個人。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 她的意思是說，我一貫希望把樣樣東西都安排得井井有條，整整齊齊。還在上小學時，我就喜歡把襪子放在衣柜上方的抽屜里，內衣放在右上方的抽屜里，襯衫放在當中的抽屜里，折得齊齊整整的褲子放在最下面的抽屜里。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 事實上，我那時一直是全家人的效率專家。父親的工具、母親的廚房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我統(tǒng)一安排。 我需要講究效率。我希望有條不紊。對我來說，樣樣東西都有個固定的地方，樣樣東西總是放在適當的地方。這些素質為我日后從事工業(yè)管理打下了良好的基礎。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 遺

60、憾的是，我這個人也有一點專橫，不太善于聽取別人的意見。等我把在大學取得學士學位后承辦第一項工程的情況告訴你以后，你就會明白我這話是什么意思了。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 畢業(yè)后我回到家鄉(xiāng)印第安納州的一個小鎮(zhèn)上。當時我還沒有找到工作。我父親的一位朋友霍布斯先生在鎮(zhèn)上有一家小型襯衫廠。在過去五年里，廠里的工人從20名增加到了80名?；舨妓瓜壬鷵乃墓S規(guī)模變得太大了，效率變得太低了，便請我進廠當了個短期顧問。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 我來到廠里，花了一個星期左右的時間一邊到處查看，一邊做些筆記。說真的，我對看到的情況不勝驚訝。 最為奇怪的是，廠里竟然沒有