Metaphor與Analogy的對比學習

1、PPT模板下載： Metaphor & Analogy(2) Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.(1) Reading is the food of the mind.( 1 ) metaphor( 2 ) analogyContents Metaphor Analogy Metaphor & Analogya way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualiti

2、es of that thing MetaphorAnother definition: like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.Metaphor The properties of an effective metaphor：1) freshness and originality （立意新穎）2) aptness （恰當貼切）3) consistency（協(xié)調(diào)一致

3、）Metaphorsustained metaphor 博喻博喻extended metaphor 延喻延喻 Varieties of Metaphor （變體）（變體）MetaphorA comparison between two unlike things that continues through a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.Varieties of Metaphor-Sustained metaphor 博喻博喻again out leapt the fifth flash, with the sp

4、ring of a serpent and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.第五次閃電又發(fā)作了, 這閃電象蛇一樣蜿蜒游動, 爆發(fā)出魔鬼的嘶喊。電光象翠玉一祥碧綠, 回響震耳欲聾。MetaphorBeauty is but a vain and doubtful good,A shining gloss that vadeth suddenly;A flower that dies when first it begins to bud;A brittle g

5、lass thats broken presently;美不過是作不得準的浮影; 像耀眼的光彩, 很快就會銷毀;像一朵花剛開放隨即凋零;像晶瑩的玻璃轉(zhuǎn)眼就已破碎;MetaphorAccording to the Longman Modern English Dictionary, the author use extended metaphor make an initial comparison and then develop it, expanding the idea.（作出初次比較再擴展，以延伸作者的意圖）Varieties of Metaphor-Extended metaphor

6、 延喻延喻MetaphorLawslike cobwebs, where the small flies are caught and the great break through.法律猶如蛛網(wǎng)，小的蚊蠅給網(wǎng)捕住，大的則一沖而過。MetaphorVarieties of Metaphor-Extended metaphor 延喻延喻-Types of extended metaphor1.Verb types:Her eyes, pools of love, were rippling in tenderness.(她的雙眼似愛的池塘，正泛著柔情蜜意的漣漪.)2.Noun typesMarr

7、iage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose.(結(jié)婚，是一本第一章以詩寫成，其余各章以散文寫就的書.)Metaphor3.Adjective types: She has a photographic memory for detail.(她對細節(jié)有照相機般的記憶力.)4.Preposition phrase typesA policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and flagged me to

8、stop.(一位警察招手, 要我從長蛇陣般的車流中出來， 并招呼我停下.)The stone shaped as a kitten with crystal eyes. (石頭形如小貓，眼似水晶. )Metaphor5.Sentence typesHe is as poor as a church mouse, and a church mouse like him eats like a horse. (他一貧如洗，赤貧的他又特別能吃.)The chess-board is the world, where the rules of the game are what we call the

9、 laws of nature. (棋盤如世界，游戲規(guī)則如同自然法則.)MetaphorTeach a fish to swim 班門弄斧Feather ones nest 中飽私囊Beard the lion in his den 虎口拔牙Add insult to injury 雪上加霜Cast pearls before swine 對牛彈琴Hold the candle to the devil 助紂為虐Cry up wine and sell vinegar 掛羊頭，賣狗肉Fish in the air 水中撈月 Idioms or phrases with Metaphor（1）M

10、etaphorLock the stable door after the horse is stolen 亡羊補牢Kill two birds with one stone 一箭雙雕Set a fox to keep ones geese 引狼入室Let sleeping dogs lie 不要打草驚蛇Kick against the pricks 以卵擊石Let the cat out of the bag hold a wolf by the ears 露馬腳A flash in the pan 曇花一現(xiàn)Ride two horses at the same time 騎虎難下 Idio

11、ms or phrases with Metaphor（2）Metaphora bed of roses 安樂窩clean hands 兩袖清風（清廉）curtain-lecture 枕頭風（枕邊話）like mushroom 雨后春筍mushroom fame 一夜成名a mushroom millionaire 暴發(fā)戶 Idioms or phrases with Metaphor（3）Metaphoranalogy draws a parallel between two unlike things（two things not in one aspect）that have sever

12、al common qualities or points of resemblance.Text book P7：analogy is a special kind of comparison and a more concrete way to explain things.like comparison, analogy shows similaries;not like comparison, analogy aims at what is common between two things of different classes. AnalogyAnalogy Analogy- P

13、atterns of analogy 1）A is to B as C is to D Food is to man as fuel is to engine. Air is to man as water is to fish. 2）A is to B what C is to D (or: A to B is what C is to D, or what C is to D, A is to B) Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers. The man who cannot be trusted is to

14、society what a bit of rotten timber is to a house.Analogy 3）(Just) as AB, (so) CD (or: so CD, just as AB) （Just）as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, (so) no lies can cover up facts. Just as Darwin discovered the law of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history. 4

15、）If A were B, C wouldD If society were a train the etiquette would be the rails along which only the train could rumble forth; if society were a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach roll forward.AnalogyAnalogyMetaphor vs. AnalogyAnalogyMetaphor vs.MetaphorA

16、nalogyoriginOriginated from the Greek word metaphor, which means to transfer.Came from the Greek word analogia, which means proportion.EssenceA figure of speech; an implicit comparisonRather than a figure of speech, more of a logical argument; a rather parallel relationship of two objectsStructureCo

17、ncentrate on one point of resemblanceDraw a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblanceMetaphor vs. AnalogyAnalogyMetaphorvs.MetaphorAnalogyFunctionto heighten effect with vivid imagery And it is usually being used in stories or poems by authors to put a twist to the meeting of certain word.for the purpose of persuasion or for the explanation or exposition of an ideaThis form is usually being used in teaching. If one thing is not being understood by the student you can parallel it and put an analogy on something that would