句子成分(高三學生入門必學)

1、構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語和同位語語、狀語、補語和同位語。它們可以由單。它們可以由單詞來擔任詞來擔任,也可以由詞組也可以由詞組,以及句子來擔任。以及句子來擔任。 主語主語：主語是一個句子中所要表達：主語是一個句子中所要表達,描述的人或描述的人或物，是物，是句子的主體句子的主體。 When to begin is not known yet. The wounded has been taken to the hospital. To cycle on the mo

2、untain is not easy. Ill spend my holiday in Shanghai, where lives my uncle. It is quite clear that they are badly in need of help.= That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.用作主語的從句叫主語從句用作主語的從句叫主語從句 表語表語：表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì)：表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì), 身份身份, 特征和狀特征和狀態(tài)。態(tài)。表語位于（聯(lián)）系動詞之后。表語位于（聯(lián)）系動詞之后。常用系動詞有常用系動詞有：“感官

3、感官”：feel, smell, taste, sound, look“變化變化”：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall“是是”：be, remain, seem, appear, prove, stayToday is Monday.The flowers smell sweet. My friend becomes excited.用作表語的從句叫表語從句，如用作表語的從句叫表語從句，如:1.The point is when I will become rich.賓語賓語：主語動作所涉及的對象：主語動作所涉及的對象, 它是它是動作的承受動作的承受者者, 賓語

4、可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔任，賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔任，賓語一般位于及物動詞或介詞的后面賓語一般位于及物動詞或介詞的后面。The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句，如：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句，如：I find the best way to concentrate on what the teacher are saying.We believe it true that human b

5、ody is also a kind of good conductor.有些及物動詞要接有些及物動詞要接兩個賓語兩個賓語句子才完整句子才完整, 其中一其中一個賓語多指人個賓語多指人,另一個賓語指物另一個賓語指物,指人的賓語叫做指人的賓語叫做間接賓語間接賓語,指物的賓語叫做指物的賓語叫做直接賓語直接賓語, 可以帶兩個可以帶兩個賓語的動詞有賓語的動詞有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell等。等。My father bought me a book. 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語Give the rubber to me. 直接賓語直接賓語 間接賓語間接賓語

6、Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all that you have told him. 有些及物動詞除跟一個賓語外，還需要加上有些及物動詞除跟一個賓語外，還需要加上賓語賓語補足語補足語, 否則意思不完整。否則意思不完整。They elected（選舉）（選舉） him their monitor. 賓語賓語 賓補賓補Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else. 賓語賓語 賓補賓補We believe it true that human body is al

7、so a kind of good conductor.定語定語：描述：描述修飾修飾名詞、代詞或從句的性質(zhì)、特征等情名詞、代詞或從句的性質(zhì)、特征等情況的詞叫做定語況的詞叫做定語, 定語可以由定語可以由形容詞形容詞或具有形容詞性或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的詞、短語、句子擔任。質(zhì)的詞、短語、句子擔任。如果定語是如果定語是單個詞單個詞 定語常放在被修飾詞的定語常放在被修飾詞的前面前面, 如果如果是是詞組詞組, 定語放在被修飾詞的定語放在被修飾詞的后面后面。Our country is a developing country while America is a developed country.The T

8、V set made in that factory is very good. 充當定語的從句就叫定語從句，如：充當定語的從句就叫定語從句，如：At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his fathers business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. 狀語狀語: 發(fā)生的發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、條件或伴隨方式、條件或伴隨情況情況, 讓步等讓步等“狀況狀況”的詞的詞叫狀語。狀語可以由副詞叫狀語。狀語可以由副詞, 短語以及從句來擔短語以及從句來擔任。任

9、。I go to school on foot. I often read the newspaper at night. 充當狀語的從句就叫狀語從句，如：充當狀語的從句就叫狀語從句，如：The sports meeting will be put off if it rains. Im late because I missed the bus. She works very hard though she is old.同位語同位語：位于名詞、代詞后面：位于名詞、代詞后面 , 說明它們的說明它們的性質(zhì)性質(zhì)和和身份身份, 它可以由名詞、代詞等充當。它可以由名詞、代詞等充當。名詞名詞Tom,

10、our monitor, is a handsome boy. 代詞代詞I myself will do the experiment.同位語從句同位語從句一般跟在一般跟在fact, feeling, idea, news, hope, suggestion, decision等名詞的后面，補充說明這些名等名詞的后面，補充說明這些名詞的具體詞的具體內(nèi)容內(nèi)容。He told me the news that the plane had exploded.I love the saying that it is love not time that heals the wound.Exercise

11、: 分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1. What he said made me think a lot. 2. The apple tastes sweet. 3. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 4. He noticed a man entering the room. 5. Tom came to ask me for advice. 6. It seems as if it is going to rain. 7. I dont think this dress fits

12、you well. 8. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not.9. The reason why he was late was that the plane was delayed.10. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to distinguish （區(qū)別）（區(qū)別）between red and green. Exercise: 分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：分析下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1. What he said made me think a lot. 主語從句主語

13、從句 賓語賓語 賓語補足語賓語補足語2. The apple tastes sweet. 表語表語3. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 形式主語形式主語 表語表語 真正主語真正主語4. He noticed a man entering the room. 賓語補足語賓語補足語5. Tom came to ask me for advice. 目的狀語目的狀語6. It seems as if it is going to rain. 表語從句表語從句7. I dont think this dress fits you

14、 well. 賓語從句賓語從句8. It doesnt matter whether he will come or not. 主語從句主語從句9. The reason why he was late was that the plane was delayed. 定語從句定語從句 表語從句表語從句10. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to distinguish （區(qū)別）（區(qū)別）between red and green. 定語定語 形式賓語形式賓語 賓補賓補 真正賓語真正賓語Their target was the Millenn

15、ium Star, a 203-carat perfect blue diamond, thought to be the most beautiful large diamond in the world, and the third largest ever discovered.Their target was the Millennium Star, 主語主語 謂語謂語 表語表語a 203-carat perfect blue diamond, 同位語同位語thought to be the most beautiful large diamond in the world, and

16、the third largest ever discovered. 定語定語Shia Liu, a third year computer science student from Zhejiang University in China who is now on an international exchange at SFU, found the answers to these questions through AIESEC.Shia Liu, 主語主語a science student from 同位語同位語who is now , 定語從句定語從句found the answe

17、rs to these questions 謂語謂語+賓語賓語through AIESEC. 方式狀語方式狀語Through the program, she worked for five weeks in Ghana alongside the ASK Project, which aims to create awareness of HIV and AIDS while training young African business people.Through the program 方式狀語方式狀語she worked for five weeks in Ghana alongsi

18、de the ASK Project, 主句主句which aims to 定語從句，修飾定語從句，修飾projectwhile training young African business people.伴隨狀語伴隨狀語 training和從句的謂語和從句的謂語aims同時進行同時進行謂語謂語：謂語是用來說明主語做了什么動作或處在謂語是用來說明主語做了什么動作或處在什么狀態(tài)。什么狀態(tài)。謂語由動詞來擔任謂語由動詞來擔任,一般放在主語的一般放在主語的后面。后面。謂語一定是以謂語一定是以“時態(tài)語態(tài)或情態(tài)動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)或情態(tài)動詞+動動詞原形詞原形”形式出現(xiàn)。形式出現(xiàn)。She speaks Engli

19、sh fluently. You may keep the book for two weeks.一個句子中一個句子中除非有連詞連接除非有連詞連接，否則，否則只能只有一個只能只有一個主語和一個謂語主語和一個謂語，其他動詞只能作為其他動詞只能作為非謂語非謂語。謂語以謂語以時態(tài)、語態(tài)時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)，形式出現(xiàn)，非謂語動詞的基本形式是非謂語動詞的基本形式是doing, done, to do非謂語動詞是一種非謂語動詞是一種總稱，總稱，具體具體包括主語、賓語、包括主語、賓語、表語、定語、補語、狀語，表語、定語、補語、狀語，這些都統(tǒng)稱非謂語這些都統(tǒng)稱非謂語。He walked into the roo

20、m and shut the door.He sat there, reading a book.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage caught the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods. Ex: 試分析下列動詞形式是謂語還是非謂語。如果是非試分析下列動詞形式是謂語還是非謂語。如果是非謂語，則說明具體是什么成分。謂語，則說明具體是什么成分。1. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.2

21、. I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 3. When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.4. It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.5. The old man sat on the chair, with a dog lying beside him. 6. The Dome, a building which was built to celebrate the beginning of the new millennium, had a special display, called “Money”, containing some of the worlds most famous diamonds.試分析下列動詞形式是謂語還是非謂語。如果是試分析下列動詞形式是謂語還是非謂語。如果是非謂語，則說明具體是什么成分。非謂語，則說明具體是什么成分。1. The girl writing a lett