2015年電大開放教育學前教育（?？疲秼胗變籂I養(yǎng)與保育》模擬試題及答案

1、電大開放教育學前教育（專科）嬰幼兒營養(yǎng)與保育模擬試題及答案一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共20分） 1、 在每日膳食中，動物性及豆類蛋白質(zhì)不宜少于每日所需蛋白質(zhì)總量的（）A、20%B、30%C、50%D、80%2、兒童在車輛穿行的地方總是愛自己走，如果成人抱起兒童，他們經(jīng)常要發(fā)生哭鬧，或者不依從成人的執(zhí)拗行為，這一行為發(fā)生后，最好的辦法是（）A、用其他條件吸引他，轉(zhuǎn)移他的注意力B、用講道理的方法說服C、威嚇D、懲罰3、托兒所每班室外專用游戲場地不應(yīng)小于（）A、40平米B、50平米C、60平米D、70平米4、嬰幼兒的乳牙有幾顆？（）A、16顆B、20顆C、24顆D、32顆5、 托兒所是 歲前兒童年的

2、集體保教機構(gòu)（）A、1-2歲B、2-3歲C、3歲以前D、3-4歲6、中班兒童的思維具有（）A、直覺行動性B、具體形象性C、抽象概括性D、社會性 7、小班兒童高興時很聽話，不高興時說什么也不聽，喜歡哪位老師，那位老師組織的活動就特別愛參加等，體現(xiàn)了兒童行為的（）A、情緒性B、依賴性C、思維直覺性D、社會性8、小班兒童思維具有（）A、直覺行動性B、具體形象性C、抽象概括D、社會性9、2歲以前幼兒的主要教育方式是（）A、集體性游戲B、個別教育C、小組活動D、全體性活動10、幼兒園是對 歲的幼兒進行學齡前教育的事業(yè)機構(gòu)（）A、2-4歲B、3-6歲C、4-6歲D、3-7歲二、多項選擇題（每題3分，共15

3、分）1、嬰幼呼吸系統(tǒng)的特點有（ ）A、嬰幼鼻腔狹窄，容易發(fā)生鼻堵B、嬰幼胸腔狹窄，肺活量小C、嬰幼兒的呼吸以腹式呼吸為主D、肌肉容易疲勞，大肌肉發(fā)育早，小肌肉發(fā)育晚2、影響嬰幼兒生長發(fā)育的因素包括（ ）A、先天遺傳因素B、營養(yǎng)C、體育運動和勞動D、疾病3、幼兒園小班兒童的心理特點有哪些（ ）A、行為具有強烈的情緒性。B、愛模仿C、思維仍帶直覺行動性，要依靠動作進行思維。D、思維具體形象，4、幼兒記憶方法有哪些（ ）A、復(fù)述B、背誦C、運動語言中介記憶D、記憶材料系統(tǒng)化。5、游戲?qū)W前兒童發(fā)展的意義是什么（ ）A、滿足兒童身體發(fā)展的需要B、給兒童帶來積極積極愉快的情緒C、滿足兒童交往的需要D、滿

4、足幼兒好奇、好重復(fù)、好探索活動的愿望。三、簡答題（每題10分，共50分）1、在幼兒面前，保育員為什么要注意自己的一言一行？2、情緒情感在幼兒心理發(fā)展中有什么作用？3、幼兒常用的記憶類型有哪些？4、幼兒認識世界的方式有什么特點？5、簡述現(xiàn)代兒童觀是什么？四、論述題（共15分） 影響嬰幼兒生長發(fā)育的因素是什么？參考答案一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共10分）1、C 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、C 6、B 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、D二、多項選擇題（每題3分，共15分）1、ABC 2、ABCD 3、ABC 4、ABCD 5、ABCD三、簡答題（每題10分，共50分）1、答：模仿是幼兒的主要學習方式，

5、成人許多行為方式、態(tài)度、語言和價值觀，都作為榜樣而被幼兒模仿。除了出于教育的目的有意識地提供的范型之外，兒童的大多數(shù)模仿是在無意識之中進行的。因此并不是成人所希望的語言和行為才會成為兒童仿習的榜樣，為兒童所模仿學習，成人在兒童面前所表現(xiàn)出來的一切行為和態(tài)度、語言均有可能成為兒童模仿的對象。幼兒經(jīng)常會表現(xiàn)出有些成人意想不到的模仿行為，使他們“大吃一驚”。因此，作為教師，要時刻自覺注意自己的言行，以對兒童心理、行為發(fā)展產(chǎn)生良好的影響。2、答：第一，情緒情感是幼兒心理活動和行為的激發(fā)者；第二，情緒情感影響幼兒智力活動的效果；第三，穩(wěn)定的情緒狀態(tài)構(gòu)成幼兒的性格特征。3、答：答一，運動記憶，運動記憶是指

6、對自己的動作、身體運動及其系統(tǒng)的記憶。兒童最先出現(xiàn)的記憶就是運動記憶，如對吃奶進身體運動姿勢形成的條件反射。運動記憶不僅出現(xiàn)得早，而且保持的時間比較長；第二，情緒記憶，情緒記憶是對體驗過的情緒情感的記憶。情緒記憶也是兒童最早出現(xiàn)的一種記憶。幼兒喜歡什么，厭惡什么，依戀誰，害怕誰，往往都和他們早先的情感生活經(jīng)驗有關(guān)，是情緒記憶的結(jié)果；第三，形象記憶和語詞記憶。形象記憶的內(nèi)容是生動具體的事物或形象類材料；語詞記憶的內(nèi)容則是語言。兒童掌握語言之前，其記憶內(nèi)容基本是具體事物的形象，隨著語言活動的形成和發(fā)展，語詞才逐漸成為記憶的內(nèi)容。在幼兒的記憶中，形象記憶占主要地位。一般來說，將形象和語詞結(jié)合起來，會

7、起到相互促進，提高記憶效果的作用。4、答：感知覺在幼兒認識活動中占主導(dǎo)地位，是幼兒認識世界的特點，隨著年齡的增長，思維逐漸取而代之，成為認識活動的主宰5、答：第一，兒童是人，具有與成年人一樣的一切基本權(quán)益，具有獨立的人格；第二，兒童是一個全方位不斷發(fā)展的“整體”的人，應(yīng)遵重并滿足兒童各種發(fā)展的需要；第三，兒童發(fā)展的個體差異性；第四，兒童具有巨大的發(fā)展?jié)撃?；第五，兒童具有主觀能動性，在其發(fā)展過程中，起著積極主動的作用；第六，男女平等，不同性別的兒童應(yīng)享有均等的機會和相同的權(quán)益，受到平等的對待。四、論述題（共15分） 答：第一，先天遺傳因素，這對兒童年的生長發(fā)育有肯定的作用，決定了生長發(fā)育的可能范

8、圍；第二，營養(yǎng)，營養(yǎng)豐富且平衡的膳食能促進生長發(fā)育，反這，營養(yǎng)缺乏的膳食不僅會影響發(fā)育，而且會導(dǎo)致疾??；第三，體育運動和勞動，體育運動和勞動是促進兒童身體發(fā)育和增加體質(zhì)的重要因素，可以加快機體的新陳代謝，提高呼吸系統(tǒng)、運動系統(tǒng)和心血管的功能，尤其能使兒童的骨骼和肌肉都得到鍛煉。第四，生活制度，合理安排有規(guī)律、有節(jié)奏的生活制度，可以保證兒童有足夠的戶外活動、適當?shù)膶W習時間、定時進餐及育分的睡眠。第五，疾病，疾病可以干擾正常的能量代謝，尤其體溫過高時，可使酶系統(tǒng)正常功能受到影響，使代謝率升高，并嗇 各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消耗。第六，生活環(huán)境，家庭中子女的多少，對兒童生長發(fā)育有一定影響。第七，季節(jié)，一般來說

9、，春季身高增長較快，秋季體重增長較快；第八，污染，包括大氣、水和土壤。請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it c

10、an also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As mo

11、st Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that you'

12、60;ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough pr

13、eparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming "Golden Week" it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of th

14、e changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, "China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli". It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Si

15、no-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the

16、 year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner

17、 Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name "Haren Arxan" means "hot holy water" in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It

18、 is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green.  Nestled close to the country's largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth.  You cannot

19、miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions.  Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and bloom

20、ing grassland.  Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder.  The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly

21、 green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it's time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream

22、that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they

23、were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and siste

24、r-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among t

25、hem was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, ma

26、rriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang's misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic sh

27、oes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, m

28、oved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty

29、 (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for

30、 lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughters' Festival." In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water i

31、nstead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for gene

32、rations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine's Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown da

33、y for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the "Chinese Valentine's Day." More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shi

34、ning bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying "Sales on Chinese Valentine's Day!" in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with

35、 their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. However mean your life is,meet it and live it ;do not shun it and call it hard names.It is not so bad as you are.It looks poorest when you are richest.The fault-finder will find faults in paradise.Love your life,poor a

36、s it is.You may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in a poor-house.The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.I do not see but a quiet mind may live as conte

37、ntedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a palace.The town's poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.Most think that they are above being supported by the town;but it often happens that they are not

38、above supporting themselves by dishonest means.which should be more disreputable.Cultivate poverty like a garden herb,like sage.Do not trouble yourself much to get new things,whether clothes or friends,Turn the old,return to them.Things do not change;we change.Sell your clothes and keep your thought

39、s. When we are born, we are unblemished. As we grow, we develop many complexities due to many influences in our lives. During childhood, we are repeatedly discouraged, chided, and in some cases, abused. As we grow older, we develop our own version of right and wrong. We create a world of our own.Our

40、 brain collects and retains all visual, auditory information from the moment we are born and to the smallest of the details. Apart from our brain having memory, cells in our body, in billions, have their own memory. In other words, our body store both physiological and psychological memories. We are

41、 complex emotional beings in nature compared to any other living animal.Apparently, physical and psychological memories strongly influence our emotions! Interestingly, we can create, store, and release emotion like energy. Moreover, if we do not process our emotions properly and suppressed for long

42、time, they can find a way out violently and unexpectedly.Unfortunately, we carry our guilt throughout our lives effecting ever-increasing burden on our shoulders. We become heavy with guilt and anger for things we could or did not achieve, for things we cannot have, to cite few examples. Evidently, everyone carry his or her own sack of guilt and anger.One must question our nature of a