（精心整理）高一語法

1、高一英語重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)（外研社版 必修1-4）上傳: davisguo2011 更新時(shí)間：2012-1-19 10:44:11 高一英語重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)（外研社版 必修1-4）【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)預(yù)習(xí) 學(xué)習(xí)過程一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常與usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等時(shí)間狀語連用。 例句 he often does his homework in his study. 2. 表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。 例句 th

2、e dictionary belongs to me. 3. 表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言, 以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。 例句 the moon goes around the sun. 4. 在有連詞if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。 例句 if you work hard, you wont fail in the exam. 二、一般過去時(shí)1. 表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 例句 she went to the zoo yesterday.2.

3、在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。 例句 he said when she came he would tell her. 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示現(xiàn)在 （說話瞬間） 正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 例句 he is reading a newspaper now.2. 表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 （說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行）。 例句 what are you doing these days?3. 表示說話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等, 常與always, constantly, continually等副詞連用。 例句 he is always thinking of

4、 others.4. 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移動(dòng)”、“方向”的詞。 例句 he is coming to see me next week. 四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 例句 he was sleeping when mary came to see him.2. 動(dòng)詞go, come, leave, arrive, start等的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常表過去將來時(shí)。 例句 she said she was going to beijing the day after tomorrow. 五、一般

5、將來時(shí)1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。 例句 i dont know what will happen in the future.2. 常用來表示將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)包括： （1） shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形：（單純） 表將來, 一般不用于條件句。 （2） be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形：（計(jì)劃）打算做。 （3） be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形：即將或正要去做某事,通常不與時(shí)間狀語連用,但可與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。 （4） be to + 動(dòng)詞原形：預(yù)定要做。 （5） be doing 表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與go, star

6、t, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的動(dòng)詞連用。 六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 例句 have you had your supper yet? yes, i have just had it. 2. 常與介詞for, during, in, within, over等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用, 表示過去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 例句 i havent seen my english teacher for a long time. 3. 表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作, 常與se

7、veral times, once, twice, frequently等頻度副詞連用。 例句 i have been to the usa several times. 4. 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在沒有發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作。 例句 i havent swept the floor for a week. 5. 用在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中, 表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成。 例句 ill tell him after you have left. 6. 在“最高級(jí)+ 名詞”或在“這是第幾次”之后跟定語從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 例句 this is the third time i have been there

8、. this is the best tea i have ever drunk. 七、過去完成時(shí) 1. 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例句 by the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 english words. 2. 有些動(dòng)詞 （如： hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等） 的過去完成時(shí)可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。 例句 i had hoped to see more of beijing. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)1. 瞬間

9、性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示將來的動(dòng)作。例句：the film begins in a minute.my uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.2. 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。例句：every time i listen to that song, ill think of my old friend.if you do that, i shall be very pleased.theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.3. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)和

10、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用；一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：have you finished your work?yes, i have.when did you finish it? i finished it last summer. 直接引語與間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1. 人稱的變化2. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化3. 時(shí)間狀語的變化4. 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化例句：xiao yi said, “i want to go to the pa

11、rk this afternoon.”xiao yi said （that） he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.bob said, “well have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”bob said （that） they would have a meeting there the next morning. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種情況：只能用that的情況1. 先行詞是不定代詞。例句：please tell me everything that happened to

12、you.2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only, last, same, very等修飾。例句： this is the most interesting movie that i have ever seen.this is the only book that i read during the summer holiday.3. 先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句：she talked about the writer and his works that interested her.不能用that的情況1. 非限制性定語從句中。例句：he said he could speak th

13、ree foreign languages, which is not true.2. 先行詞本身是that。例句：i have that which you gave me.3. “介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例句：the person to whom i talked just now is tom. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行的比較：1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束時(shí), 多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí), 多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：i have been painting the paining. （強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在畫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）i have painted the painting. （強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫完了

14、”這個(gè)結(jié)果）2. 有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如：have, love, see等。例句：she has had a cold for a week.they have loved each other for three years.i have seen this movie. -ing形式：1. having done having done是非謂語動(dòng)詞中-ing形式的完成式,而doing則是其一般式,它們都與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只是doing與句中謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生；having done則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞之前。 例句

15、 hearing the news, they got excited. （hear 和get excited這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生） having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. （arrive 發(fā)生在take a rest之前）2. 動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也可接to do形式作賓語，但意義有所不同。 例如 forget / remember / regret doing sth. 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；forget / remember / regret to do sth. 則表

16、示該動(dòng)作未發(fā)生。 mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”；mean doing sth. 表示“意味著做某事”。 try to do sth. 表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”；try doing sth. 表示“試著做某事”。 stop to do sth. 表示“停下來接著做另一件事”；stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。 go on to do sth. 表示“（做完某事）接著做另一件事”；go on doing sth. 表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”（= go on with sth.）。 cant help to do sth. 表示“不能幫助做某事”；cant help

17、 doing sth. 表示“情不自禁地做某事”。3. have/has been doinghave / has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)過程，動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行。而have / has done是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，該動(dòng)作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。 例句 i have written a book. （動(dòng)作結(jié)束） i have been writing a book. （可能未寫完，側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫書） 【模擬試題】一、單項(xiàng)填空1. the headmaster called tom to his office because he had been i

18、n the exam .a. caught cheating b. caught to cheat c. catching cheating d. catching to cheat2. the time he for the trip is not suitable any of us . a. made ; to b. fixed ; for c. gave ; with d. fixed ; to3. what do you think of what he did in class ? why he did it was my imagination .a. beyond b. thr

19、ough c. above d. over4. my watch is nowhere to be found . i it when i was on the bus . a. must drop b. cant have dropped c. have dropped d. must have dropped5. may i speak to your manager mr. williams at five oclock tonight? im sorry . mr. williams to a party long before then .a. will have gone b. h

20、ad gonec. should have gone d. has gone26. forty percent of the population of the u.s black.a. is b. are c. am d. have7. the party , we would never have todays happiness . a. but for b. only if c. if only d. if8. dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children. a. hand b. reac

21、h c. space d. distance9. he accidentally he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadnt been home for a couple of weeks . a. let out b. took care c. made sure d. made out10. go for a picnic this weekend , ok ? , i love getting close to nature . a. i couldnt agree more b. im afraid not c. i believe

22、 not d. i dont think so11. on news today , there were reports of heavy snow in that area . a. the ; the b. the；不填 c. 不填；不填 d. 不填；the12. it was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished . a. for b. with c. from d. of13. the final examination is coming up soon . its time for us to our stu

23、dies . a. get down to b. get out c. get back for d. get over14. having been attacked by terrorists , . a. doctors came to their rescuer b. the tall building collapsed c. an emergency measures was taken d. warnings were given to tourists15. the flowers sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the

24、beauty of nature. a. to smell b. smelling c. smelt d. smell 二、完型填空no man can change the weather. nobody can control the weather. but if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be . this way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or tw

25、o is called weather forecasting.for many centuries and in all countries people have 3 the weather and tried to 4 weather forecasting.sometimes 5 objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near. this is a 6 of much water vapor in the 7 and therefore rain will probably come.rings r

26、ound the sun are a sign of coming rain. many people feel in their 8 the coming of wet weather. their joints (骨頭節(jié)) ache . some birds fly 9 as fine weather is coming but they fly near the ground if 10 or stormy weather is 11 the way. it is probably because of the insects which they are hunting 12 they

27、 fly 12 .if you see a rainbow during rainy weather , this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine . such 14 always come in the evening . if the stars 15 clearly at night , then fair weather will 16 . if a fog appears in the morning just about sunrise , then the day will be warm . inste

28、ad , if a fog appears in the evening the next day will bring wet 17 .if the sunset is mostly red in 18 then the following day will be fine . if a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come .most of the 19 sayings have been made by people who have used their 20 , and brains to m

29、ake weather forecasting .1. a. see b. look c. read d. take2. a. tell b. speak c. talk d. point3. a. studied b. learned c. searched d. researched4. a. do b. make c. carry d. send5. a. small b. away c. near d. distant6. a. sight b. sign c. mark d. shape7. a. air b. sky c. heaven d. earth8. a. legs b.

30、arms c. skins d. bones9. a. high b. low c. near d. far10. a. wet b. dry c. rainy d. sunny11. a. by b. in c. for d. on12. a. that b. which c. where d. when13. a. high b. low c. fast d. slow14. a. as b. rainbows c. weather d. day15. a. twinkle b. appear c. bright d. seem16. a. begin b. stop c. continu

31、e d. be17. a. day b. weather c. hour d. time18. a. edge b. surface c. center d. color19. a. above b. below c. important d. interesting20. a. bodies b. hands c. eyes d. legs 三、閱讀理解（a）there are three branches of medicine . one is called “doctor medicine” , or “scientific medicine”. scientific doctors

32、try to observe sicknesses , look for logical patterns , and then find out how the human body works . from there they figure out what treatments may work . this kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century bc. although nowadays it is successful , in the ancient world this approach probab

33、ly did not cure many patients .a second kind of medicine is called “natural cures,” of “folk medicine ,” in which less educated people try to cure sicknesses with various herbs . these folk healers also use observation and logic , but they are not so aware of it . they try things until they find som

34、ething that seems to work , and then they keeping doing that . folk medicine flourished long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine .the third kind is called “health saps,” or “faith healing.” sometimes this may be as simple as tou

35、ching the holy man and being immediately healed . other times , a magician may make you a magic charm , or say a spell , to cure you . some religious groups organize special healing shrines for the sick . in these places people rest , get plenty of sleep , eat healthy food , drink water instead of w

36、ine , and exercise in various ways . they also talk to the priests and pray to the gods . if you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard , going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better .1. the authors primary purpose in this text is to_. a. compare the edu

37、cational background of three different types of patients b. argue for the importance of medicine in health care c. describe different types of medicine d. show the crucial role religion plays in medical treatment2. according to the text , which of the following statements is true ? a. natural cures

38、worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times . b. people who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs . c. folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis . d. the success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine .3. doct

39、or medicine . a. has been practiced for around 1,600 years b. has a longer history than folk medicine c. was very successful in curing sickness in ancient times d. bases its treatments on observation and logic4. according to the text , which of the following is not used in health saps ? a. magic pow

40、er . b. various herbs .c. a healthy life style . d. religious faith . （b）net library is a library that lends out digital books. it treats a digital book like a paperback copy. it charges libraries per book per copy and gives publishers a cut of the total income.from the consumers point of view, this

41、 means that if more than five people want the latest danielles steel romance novel, other people who request that book will get a message saying the title is unavailable. its a model many publishers seem to have embraced. more than 350 gave the company rights to hand out their digital works, and mcg

42、raw hill corporation and houghton mifflin corporation have out money in the company. the california public libraries and about 1,800 others across the us are trying out the net library services.some librarians criticize the new library model. stanford university librarian michael keller argues that the company is creating an unnatural fear of digital works, which is contrary to the ideas of the internet.keller and some other librarians argue for the e-book vision set forth by ebrary. ebrary is starting a service that lets us users read books for free.but it will charge about 25 cents a page w