人教版七年級(jí)生物下冊教科書課后練習(xí)題匯總

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3、y-seagas-ec-segteuueedcsu-crac-to sea-ai. e-theeedsea-r-aaetga-s-e-c-fc-s-aeedf-2012教育部審定義務(wù)教育教科書人民教育出版社生物學(xué)七年級(jí)下冊教科書課后練習(xí)題第四單元生物圈中的人第一章人的由來第一節(jié)人類的起源和發(fā)展想一想，議一議黑猩猩會(huì)變成人嗎？你會(huì)怎樣回答圖中小朋友的問題呢？答：黑猩猩不會(huì)變成人。觀察與思考1、這些類人猿今天分布在哪些地方？它們的生活方式有什么共同點(diǎn)？答：現(xiàn)代類人猿主要分布在亞洲、非洲等地的熱帶森林中。它們都是依靠 從大自然中獲取食物來生存，沒有制造工具、改善生存環(huán)境的能力，沒有語言 文字的交流。

4、2、類人猿在形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)上確實(shí)與人類有許多相似之處，但究竟在哪些方面與人有根本的區(qū)別呢？答：類人猿與人類的根本區(qū)別有以下幾點(diǎn):/、同點(diǎn) 項(xiàng)目運(yùn)動(dòng)方式制造工具的能力腦發(fā)育程度類人猿主要是臂行使用自然工具質(zhì)里為1500g,無語日文字白匕力人類直立行走制造并使用簡單和復(fù)雜的工具質(zhì)量達(dá)到4500g,語言義字能力強(qiáng)3、隨著人類數(shù)量的不斷增加，類人猿的數(shù)量卻日益減少，為什么會(huì)這樣呢?答：由于人類具有制造和使用各種現(xiàn)代化工具的本領(lǐng)，使得其適應(yīng)自然環(huán) 境、改造自然的能力空前加強(qiáng)，人類種植、養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的提高，加強(qiáng)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生保 健、建設(shè)生活空間等做法，使人類的數(shù)量急劇增加。類人猿至今仍然處于聽天the pri ncpil

5、eofsim plified EIA of construction pr oje cts in t he region. Intermsofland,linked t othe im plementati on ofurba n andrural construction landincreaseand decrease ,repla cementi ndi catorsfor priorityarea s pr oject.Charges, int othe proje cts ofwater,ele ctricity,admi nistrative charges and prefere

6、ntialpolici es. Inthe areaoftaxation,andsettled inarea s ofindustry anditspr oduction c ompa ny,wit hin 5years after the completionoffiscali ncentives t oenter prises.In termsoffinancing, integrationof la nd, tax,fina nci al andot her resource s,a nd construct"Governme nt cre dit+businesscre di

7、t"credit system, establi shment ofmarketization,commercialization a ndmodernization ofthe investment a ndfi nancing platform;effective Ba nk-e nterprise docki ng, e ncourages private ca pitalintothe Park,toraiseindustrydevelopment fund.5,optimize theenvironment a ndservice industries. o create

8、"pol icy lowlands, Highla nds, integrity ofservice land, dev elopmentla nd"as thegoal,t o optimizethe areaunder devel opme ntenvironment.Al ladmini strativelawenfor cement departme ntstoa ppoint afull -timepersonne lstationed i n areas dedicatedt ocoor dinati ng andsolvi ng problems a ssoc

9、iatedwit hbusinesse sinthi ssect or. Whe n thereare substantial issue s,se ctorleaders arrange d to per sonallyintervene,in-per son,in-per son pushtang ible area buil ding agre en light,ea syline. Tofurt herreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrativeexaminationand approvalitems,simplifyexaminationa nd a

10、pprovalli nks, impr oveefficiency;accor dingtot he.Since theeducati onal practiceofthe mass line ofthepart y, himselfseriously int heeducati on, practicalcontrol central " eight rules" andopposing"the fourwinds" and practici ng"three Suns",and checkthespiritofJiaoYul u,

11、ide olog y,solicit opi nions ba sed on outstanding problems checke dswing, carefula nalysi s andreflection. Will now checkreportis as foll ows :first, adherenceto theparty's political discipline,eig htin thece ntralprovision,changethestyleofthebasicsituati on of1,in complia ncewith theparty'

12、s political disciplines.Consci entiouslya bide bythe party's politica ldisci pline, abi de by t heConstit ution and t he rule s and regulati onsofthe part y,int hepolitical,i de ologi caland maintain highly consiste ntwith the CPCCe ntralCommittee onthe action,there i s noviolationoftheparty'

13、;spolitical discipli nepr oblems. 2,in t heimpleme ntation of thecentralauthori tiesofthe eight provisi ons.Impr oving resear ch,im proving re searchmethods, butther e are less grass-r oots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n ina dequategrasp ofthe pr oblem,w hich isto bestre ngthened int hefuture.Second,

14、constr ucti on,stri ctly in a ccordance wit hthe provisi onstostreamlineand improvethequalityofmeetingsoftheConference.T hird,streamli ningfile bri efs,cult ureinv olvesallaspect sof propaganda andideolog y,sometimes duetothe pra ctical needsof inve ntion notificati ons, thisarea needs further由命的境地，

15、人類開發(fā)類人猿生活的森林，獲得木材、耕地。類人猿因缺少生存空間而數(shù)量日益減少。因此，讓類人猿能夠在自然環(huán)境中生存下去，是人類的義務(wù)，這就需要全人類提高保護(hù)自然環(huán)境的意識(shí)，用法律規(guī)范自己的行為。旁欄思考題地殼劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)和氣候劇烈變化，會(huì)對生活在東非大裂谷地區(qū)的森林古猿的生活產(chǎn)生什么影響？答：由于強(qiáng)烈的地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)，形成了東非大裂谷。地表形態(tài)的劇烈變化，使氣候也發(fā)生了變化，原有的森林一部分消失了，形成草原。這些環(huán)境變化對森林古猿的生活產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，使得生活在森林樹上的部分古猿不得不從樹上下到地面，為了獲取食物，他們要用下肢支撐身體，用前肢去抓取、捕捉食物，逐漸以直立行走方式適應(yīng)平地上的生活。練習(xí)1、（

16、1） X （2），（3） V2、 A3、 答： 一千多萬年前的地質(zhì)變化，導(dǎo)致了東非大裂谷地區(qū)自然環(huán)境的改變，一部分森林古猿來到地面生活，是人類起源成為可能，這說明環(huán)境影響生物。人類在生存和發(fā)展過程中，開始制造并使用工具；在群體的交流合作中產(chǎn)生了語言，這大大加強(qiáng)了人類適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力。火的使用改變了古人類的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)了腦的發(fā)育，制造和使用工具以及語言的交流也促進(jìn)了人類腦的發(fā)育，反過來腦的發(fā)育又進(jìn)一步提高了人類制造和使用工具的能力及語言能力；隨著人類的經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的發(fā)展，人類不斷通過技術(shù)手段改變著環(huán)境，成為生物圈中的最強(qiáng)者，生物圈的面貌已由于人類活動(dòng)而大大改變，這說明生物能夠改變環(huán)境。th

17、e pri ncpileofsim plified EIA of construction pr oje cts in t he region. Intermsofland,linked t othe im plementati on ofurba n andrural construction landincreaseand decrease ,repla cementi ndi catorsfor priorityarea s pr oject.Charges, int othe proje cts ofwater,ele ctricity,admi nistrative charges

18、and preferentialpolici es. Inthe areaoftaxation,andsettled inarea s ofindustry anditspr oduction compa ny,wit hin 5years after the completionoffiscali ncentivest oenter prises.In termsoffinancing, integrationof la nd, tax,fina nci al andot her resource s,a nd construct"Governme nt cre dit+busin

19、esscre dit"credit system, establi shment ofmarketization,commercialization a ndmodernization ofthe investment ndfi nancing platform;effective Ba nk-e nterprise docki ng, e ncourages private ca pitalintothe Park,toraiseindustrydevelopment fund.5,optimize theenvironment a nd service industries. o

20、 create "pol icy lowlands, Highla nds, integrity ofservice land, dev elopmentla nd"as thegoal,t o optimizethe areaunder devel opme ntenvironment.Al ladmini strativelawenfor cement departme ntstoa ppoint afull -timepersonne lstationed i n areas dedicatedt ocoor dinati ng andsolvi ng problem

21、s a ssociatedwit hbusinesse sinthi ssect or. Whe n thereare substantial issue s,se ctorleaders arrange d to per sonallyintervene,in-per son,in-per son pushtang ible area buil ding agre en light,ea syline. Tofurt herreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrativeexaminationand approvalitems,simplifyexaminati

22、ona nd a pproval li nks, impr oveefficiency;accor dingtot he.Since theeducati onal practiceofthe mass line ofthepart y, himselfseriously int heeducati on, practicalcontrol central "eight rules" andopposing"the fourwinds" and practici ng"three Suns",and checkthespiritofJ

23、iaoYul u,ide ology,solicit opi nions ba sed on outstanding problems checke dsw ing, carefula nalysi s andreflection. Will now checkreportis as foll ows:first,adherencetothe party'spoliticaldiscipline,eig htin thece ntralprovision,changethestyleofthebasicsituati on of1,in complia nce with thepart

24、y's political disciplines.Consci entiouslya bide bythe party's politica ldisci pline, abi de by t heConstit ution and t he rule s and regulati onsofthe part y,int hepolitical,i de ologi caland maintain highly consiste ntwith the CPCCe ntralCommittee onthe action,there i s noviolationofthepar

25、ty'spolitical discipli nepr oblems. 2,in t heimpleme ntation of thecentralauthori tiesofthe eight provisi ons.Impr oving resear ch,im proving re searchmethods, butther e are less grass-r oots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n ina dequategrasp ofthe pr oblem,w hich isto bestre ngthened int hefuture.S

26、econd,constr ucti on,stri ctly in a ccordance wit hthe provisi onstostreamlineand improvethequalityofmeetingsoftheConference.T hird,streamli ningfile bri efs,cult ureinv olvesallas pectsof propaganda andideolog y,sometimes duetothe pra ctical needsof inve ntion notificati ons, thisarea needs further

27、4、答：實(shí)驗(yàn)研究法：對人與黑猩猩、獼猴、酵母菌、小麥等生物的細(xì)胞中所含細(xì)胞色素C 的氨基酸序列進(jìn)行了對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)構(gòu)成該物質(zhì)的氨基酸數(shù)目及種類，在人與黑猩猩之間的差別為零，而在人與其他幾種生物之間有差別，其中與小麥的差別較大。由此得出結(jié)論：人與其他生物之間存在著或近或遠(yuǎn)的親緣關(guān)系，而上述生物中與人的親緣關(guān)系最近的是黑猩猩，最遠(yuǎn)的是小麥。5、答：人類與現(xiàn)代類人猿有共同的祖先。人類在進(jìn)化和發(fā)展過程中，改造自然環(huán)境的能力越來越強(qiáng)。近幾千年來，人類活動(dòng)對猿類生活的自然環(huán)境造成了極大破壞，導(dǎo)致猿類成為珍稀瀕危的物種，因此，人類應(yīng)該理智地運(yùn)用自己改造生物圈的能力，保護(hù)自然環(huán)境，建立現(xiàn)代類人猿保護(hù)區(qū)，使類人猿能

28、夠在生物圈中生存發(fā)展下去。第二節(jié)人的生殖想一想，議一議受精卵最終會(huì)在女性體內(nèi)什么地方發(fā)育成胎兒？答：受精卵在女性子宮中發(fā)育為胎兒。觀察與思考1、答：男女生殖系統(tǒng)中，產(chǎn)生生殖細(xì)胞精子的是睪丸，附睪具有儲(chǔ)存和輸送精子的功能，輸精管是輸送精子的結(jié)構(gòu)；女性生殖系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生生殖細(xì)胞卵細(xì)胞的是卵巢，輸送卵細(xì)胞的是輸卵管。2、答：子宮的名稱與它的功能有關(guān)。子宮是胚胎和胎兒發(fā)育的場所，可以說它是孩子的宮殿，因此成為子宮。練習(xí)1、 A ； 2、 B ；3、 C ；4、 D。5、答：分析表中的數(shù)據(jù)，可以看到，孕婦懷孕期間增加的14kg 體重中，the pri ncpileofsim plified EIA of c

29、onstruction pr oje cts in t he region. Intermsofland,linked tothe im plementati on ofurba n andruralconstruction landincreaseand decrease ,repla cementindi catorsfor priorityarea s pr oject.Charges, int othe proje cts ofwater,ele ctricity,admi nistrative charges and preferentialpolici es. Intheareao

30、ftaxation,andsettled inarea s ofindustry anditspr oduction compa ny,wit hin 5years after thecompletionoffiscali ncentives t oenter prises.In termsoffinancing, integrationof land, tax,fina nci al andot her resources,a nd construct"Governme nt cre dit+businesscre dit"credit system,establi sh

31、ment ofmarketization,commercialization a ndmodernization ofthe investment a ndfi nancing platform;effective Ba nk-e nterprise docki ng, e ncourages private ca pitalintothe Park,toraiseindustrydevelopment fund.5,optimize theenvironment a ndservice industries. o create "pol icy lowlands,Highla nd

32、s, integrity ofservice land, dev elopmentland"as thegoal,t o optimizethe areaunder devel opme ntenvironment.Al ladmini strativelawenfor cement departme ntstoa ppoint afull -timepersonne lstationed i n areasdedicatedt ocoor dinati ng andsolvi ng problems a ssociatedwit hbusinesse sinthi ssect or

33、. Whe n therearesubstantial issue s,se ctorleaders arranged to per sonallyintervene,in-person,in-per son pushtangible area buil ding agre en light,ea syline. Tofurt herreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrativeexaminationand approvalitems,simplifyexaminationa nd approvalli nks, impr oveefficiency;accor

34、 dingtot he.Since theeducati onal practiceofthe mass lineofthepart y, himselfseriously int heeducati on, practicalcontrol central " eight rules" andopposing"the fourwinds" and practicing"three Suns",and checkthespiritofJiaoYul u,ide olog y,solicitopi nions ba sed on out

35、standingproblems checkedswing, carefulanalysi s andreflection. Will now checkreportis as follows :first, adherenceto theparty's political discipline,eig htin thece ntralprovision,changethestyleofthebasicsituati on of1,in complia ncewith theparty's political disciplines.Consci entiouslya bide

36、 bythe party's politicaldisci pline, abi de by t heConstit ution and t he rules and regulationsofthe party,int hepolitical,ide ologi caland maintain highly consiste ntwith theCPCCe ntralCommittee onthe action,there is noviolationoftheparty'spolitical discipli nepr oblems. 2,in theimpleme nta

37、tion of thecentralauthori tiesofthe eightprovisi ons.Impr oving research,im proving researchmethods, butther e are less grass-roots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n ina dequategrasp ofthe pr oblem,which istobestre ngthened int hefuture.Second,constr ucti on,stri ctly in a ccordance withthe provisi onst

38、ostreamlineand improvethequalityofmeetingsoftheConference.T hird,streamli ningfile bri efs,cult ureinv olvesallaspect sof propaganda andideolog y,sometimesduetothe practical needsof inve ntionnotificati ons, thisarea needs further孕婦自身貯藏的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)只增加 2.5kg,胎兒為4 kg,而胎盤、羊水、子宮、乳腺及增多的血液等都是為胎兒提供的物質(zhì)支持。因此說母親在懷孕期

39、間為更好地為胎兒提供生長發(fā)育的物質(zhì)，身體和生命活動(dòng)的負(fù)擔(dān)都增加了許多。從表中數(shù)據(jù)還可以了解到，胎兒生長發(fā)育所需求的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)都是通過母體間接從自然環(huán)境中獲得的，說明我們還是胎兒時(shí)就與生物圈密切地聯(lián)系在一起了。第三節(jié)青春期想一想，議一議略資料分析1、 答： 男孩和女孩開始身高突增的年齡有差別：一般地說，女孩早于男孩，女孩是8.59歲，男孩是10.511歲。2、答：可能不完全一致。圖中的數(shù)據(jù)只是某地男女生身高變化的平均值。不同地區(qū)、不同生活狀況和不同體質(zhì)的同齡、同性別同學(xué)，身高的變化情況總會(huì)有些差異，所以，自己和本組同學(xué)的身高變化數(shù)據(jù)與圖中的數(shù)據(jù)常常不完全一致。3、答：男孩和女孩體型的變化與睪丸和卵

40、巢的發(fā)育有關(guān)。通過比較教材資料分析中兩幅曲線圖可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著睪丸和卵巢的發(fā)育，男孩和女孩的身高依次開始明顯增加，體重也依次明顯增加，由此推測，身高、體重的明顯增加，會(huì)伴隨著體型發(fā)生變化。4、答：青春期期間，男孩還會(huì)出現(xiàn)喉結(jié)突出、聲音變粗、長出胡須、長出陰毛和腋毛等身體變化；女孩還會(huì)出現(xiàn)聲音變細(xì)、脂肪積累增加、臀部變圓、乳房增大、出現(xiàn)陰毛和腋毛等變化。練習(xí)the pri ncpileofsim plified EIA of construction pr oje cts in t he region. Intermsofland,linked t othe im plementati on of

41、urba n andrural construction landincreaseand decrease ,repla cementi ndi catorsfor priorityarea s pr oject.Charges, int othe proje cts ofwater,ele ctricity,admi nistrative charges and preferentialpolici es. Inthe areaoftaxation,andsettled inarea s ofindustry anditspr oduction compa ny,wit hin 5years

42、 after the completionoffiscali ncentivest oenter prises.In termsoffinancing, integrationof la nd, tax,fina nci al andot her resource s,a nd construct"Governme nt cre dit+businesscre dit"credit system, establi shment ofmarketization,commercialization a ndmodernization ofthe investment ndfi

43、nancing platform;effective Ba nk-e nterprise docki ng, e ncourages private ca pitalintothe Park,toraiseindustrydevelopment fund.5,optimize theenvironment a nd service industries. o create "pol icy lowlands, Highla nds, integrity ofservice land, dev elopmentla nd"as thegoal,t o optimizethe

44、areaunder devel opme ntenvironment.Al ladmini strativelawenfor cement departme ntstoa ppoint afull -timepersonne lstationed i n areas dedicatedt ocoor dinati ng andsolvi ng problems a ssociatedwit hbusinesse sinthi ssect or. Whe n thereare substantial issue s,se ctorleaders arrange d to per sonallyi

45、ntervene,in-per son,in-per son pushtang ible area buil ding agre en light,ea syline. Tofurt herreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrativeexaminationand approvalitems,simplifyexaminationa nd a pproval li nks, impr oveefficiency;accor dingtot he.Since theeducati onal practiceofthe mass line ofthepart y,

46、himselfseriously int heeducati on, practicalcontrol central "eight rules" andopposing"the fourwinds" and practici ng"three Suns",and checkthespiritofJiaoYul u,ide ology,solicit opi nions ba sed on outstanding problems checke dsw ing, carefula nalysi s andreflection. Wil

47、l now checkreportis as foll ows:first,adherencetothe party'spoliticaldiscipline,eig htin thece ntralprovision,changethestyleofthebasicsituati on of1,in complia nce with theparty's political disciplines.Consci entiouslya bide bythe party's politica ldisci pline, abi de by t heConstit utio

48、n and t he rule s and regulati onsofthe part y,int hepolitical,i de ologi caland maintain highly consiste ntwith the CPCCe ntralCommittee onthe action,there i s noviolationoftheparty'spolitical discipli nepr oblems. 2,in t heimpleme ntation of thecentralauthori tiesofthe eight provisi ons.Impr o

49、ving resear ch,im proving re searchmethods, butther e are less grass-r oots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n ina dequategrasp ofthe pr oblem,w hich isto bestre ngthened int hefuture.Second,constr ucti on,stri ctly in a ccordance wit hthe provisi onstostreamlineand improvethequalityofmeetingsoftheConfer

50、ence.T hird,streamli ningfile bri efs,cult ureinv olvesallas pectsof propaganda andideolog y,sometimes duetothe pra ctical needsof inve ntion notificati ons, thisarea needs further1、答：略。2、答：青春期的衛(wèi)生保健還包括性心理健康，懂得如何正確處理一些男孩有包皮過長和包莖的現(xiàn)象，懂得如何正確處理一些女孩子有痛經(jīng)的現(xiàn)象。以及正確對待性自慰等問題。3、答：作為一名男生，應(yīng)該以健康、平和的心態(tài)對待女生來月經(jīng)這一正常的生理

51、現(xiàn)象。不應(yīng)嘲笑因月經(jīng)來潮而不能參加體育鍛煉或重體力勞動(dòng)的女生，應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心她們，熱心幫助她們。第二章 人體的營養(yǎng)第一節(jié)食物中的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)想一想，議一議答：航天員在太空時(shí)對飲食的營養(yǎng)和安全要求非常高，食物原料有魚、肉、蛋、奶、蔬菜等,這些食物原料需要經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格挑選和加工，不能含有致病菌和寄生蟲，也不能含有化學(xué)污染物。航天員帶到太空的食物，至少應(yīng)含有糖類、脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)，以及無機(jī)鹽、維生素、水等營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。這些營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)是人體進(jìn)行正常生理活動(dòng)不可缺少的。資料分析1、答：不同食物所含營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的種類和數(shù)量是不同的。對學(xué)生選擇食物的種類有哪些啟示，答案是開放的，只要學(xué)生言之有理即可。2、答：食物中的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)與人體細(xì)胞

52、所含物質(zhì)和所需能量的來源。探究1、答：出現(xiàn)差別的原因主要是熱能的散失，另外還有食物燃燒不充分。2、答：如果不同，原因可能是實(shí)驗(yàn)操作不夠規(guī)范、測量不夠準(zhǔn)確或計(jì)算出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤等。treamlining.Four are sta ndar dvisits,except asre quire d toparticipatei n traini ng, no ot her activit y. Fivei sto improve new sreporting,for propaga ndaw ork stri ctlyaccordi ngtothe regulati ons.Sixis strictly y

53、 ourpre sentati on publishe d stri ctlyaccordi ngtothe regulati ons.Seven isstrictlyt hrift, require dthe use ofvehicle s and office spaceand corporatehospitality.3, change the style.Propaganda and ide ol ogicalw ork ofthe newsit uation andne wrequirements ofthe ne w tasks, had done alot offruitfulw

54、ork, has madema nyachievements,but further cl osertothegrass roots,closetoreality,closet othe massesa nd al so i nade quatei nnovation m ust continuetoim prove.Se cond,t he "fourwi nds" some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism.Onetheoryis thathe didn't,withle ss closecontact. The or

55、etical study of consciousne ssis not highe nough,sy stem performa ncei s not stronge nough;m ore pa ssivelear ning, activelear ningfewge neralitiesa ndlear n more, delvi ng intole ss.Especially ba sed on rati onalt hinki ng on major issues,applying theorytoguidet hew ork d onei s notg ood enoug h,no

56、t really understand and gra sp thespirita ndessence ofthe scientific Outlook on devel opment ,di d nottruly achieve mastery, to appl y, to a certai n extent, affectthe devel opme ntand implementation of ideas and initiatives.Second,workarrangements, andlesssupervision.Propaganda a nd ideol ogica lwo

57、rki sthe objective,w hichneedsto keepthe continuityeffortsde ployed,but stresse din t hew orktime,lesssupervision.Forexample,colorwe ekends int hesummer theatricalactivities,city squareperforma nce s,urgi ngtow nshi ps, communities a nd ruralareas showsthe impleme ntation i s ina de quate, i nsufficientculturala n e ducational roletoplay.T hird base enoug h,