2018全年CATTI二級(jí)筆譯試題+解析

1、【英譯中】【Passage 1 Newdrone footage gives a glimpse of the damagethat Hawaii' s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams o

2、f brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.從無(wú)人機(jī)拍攝到的最新視頻中，可以大概了解到近日火山噴發(fā)后

3、，夏威夷大島所 遭受的損失情況?；鹕綆r漿在道路上、樹(shù)林里蔓延，直逼住家，巖漿所到處濃煙 滾滾。在一片漆黑中可見(jiàn)多處大火，火光十分刺眼?；f厄火山經(jīng)過(guò)相對(duì)平靜 的一天后，周日又火力全開(kāi)，將巖漿噴到 300英尺高空，又侵蝕了半英里土地， 共有35處建筑遭摧毀。There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava.In evacuated areaswith relatively low sulfur dioxide le

4、vels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday.Officials said those residents a little more than half of the evacuees were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely.由于地面開(kāi)裂、巖漿涌出，1800社區(qū)居民被

5、疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫濃度 不高的被疏散區(qū)域，居民獲準(zhǔn)回家?guī)讉€(gè)小時(shí)收拾家中物品。當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T稱(chēng)，這些居民一一約占被疏散居民總數(shù)的半數(shù)多些一一被準(zhǔn)許回家短暫停留，并且在保證安全的前提下，允許其他居民回家。“Things got pretty active,“ an official said at a Saturday pressconference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so wegot additi

6、onal damage out there. I' m not s ure what the count is , but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid downand the volcanoes have gone quiet now." But officialshad cautioned that while the lavaflow was quiet, it wouldn' t be for long.“More volcanoes coul

7、d open up,the existing ones could get active again. " There' s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it ' s going to come up. ”“這些火山變的很活躍，” 一位官員在周六舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上稱(chēng)，“有八個(gè)火山變的很活躍，巖漿噴出后，四處擴(kuò)散，因此我們那里損失又多了些。我現(xiàn)在還 不了解損失總數(shù)，但我們認(rèn)為這個(gè)數(shù)字仍在不斷攀升。慶幸地是，現(xiàn)在地震強(qiáng)度 已經(jīng)減弱，火山也開(kāi)始平息下來(lái)了?！钡枪賳T警告稱(chēng)，雖然巖漿流動(dòng)慢下來(lái)了， 但是不會(huì)維持太久

8、。“還有更多地火山可能會(huì)爆發(fā)，現(xiàn)有的火山可能再次變得活 躍?！钡乇硐旅嬗性S多巖漿，這些巖漿最終會(huì)噴發(fā)出來(lái)。The island was also rocked by a earthquakeon Friday, which causedlandslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island had experienced more than 500 earthquakes 13 with a magnit

9、ude greater than in the 24 hours following the quake. But, the concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from volcanoes."The lava is definitelydestroying peo ple ' s homes we don' t have an exact count-but it isa devastating situation. " Hawaii County head said

10、 Saturday. “There' s no way we could ' ve predicted this. ”夏威夷大島周五發(fā)生級(jí)地震，導(dǎo)致海岸附近出現(xiàn)滑坡，但建筑物沒(méi)出現(xiàn)什么損壞。 美國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局(USGS周日表示，大島發(fā)生級(jí)地震后，在24小時(shí)內(nèi)又發(fā)生了500多次余震，其中13次震級(jí)超過(guò)級(jí)。然而，居民所擔(dān)心的依然是火山噴出的 巖漿和氣體。巖漿肯定還在摧毀人們的房子一一我們目前還沒(méi)有得到確切的數(shù) 字一一但情況十分嚴(yán)重?！毕耐目へ?fù)責(zé)人周六稱(chēng)，“我們也沒(méi)有辦法預(yù)測(cè)到現(xiàn) 在這種情況?！薄居⒆g中】【Passage 2 Just as in America, in Britai

11、n too, the story told by official statistics does not always match people ' s experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living standards stagnate ever since. The . economy, we are to

12、ld, is booming.比如，在美國(guó)，還有英國(guó)，官方統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和人們的感受并不總是相符，這種情況 對(duì)諸如紐卡斯?fàn)栠@樣的城市來(lái)說(shuō)尤為如此。紐卡斯?fàn)柎饲霸且粋€(gè)造船城市，20 世紀(jì)70年代不敵來(lái)自亞洲國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，人民生活水平從此一直停滯不前。我們 被告知，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正快速發(fā)展。In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring and unemployment is down to a 17-year low of %. Manypeople

13、, though,don' t feel that upside. The perception gapis huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because manypeople have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jobs when they want a full-time job.前兩個(gè)季度，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP增長(zhǎng)超3%股市飄紅，失業(yè)率降至%創(chuàng)

14、17 年來(lái)的新低。但是，許多人感受不到這種經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。數(shù)據(jù)和人們感知之間的差距十分巨大。若從廣義程度上衡量失業(yè)率，那么它則要比報(bào)紙頭條刊登的數(shù)字要高 些，因?yàn)樵S多人干脆不找工作了，或者在找工作時(shí)做著兼職工作。One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages andhidethe inequality. And averages don ' t tell us very much at all.Barringa few recessions, the . economyhas been on a near relentl

15、ess upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a PewResearch Center report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $ in 2014, just $ higher than in 1964, adjusted for inflation.GDP勺一個(gè)主要缺陷就是它反映的是總數(shù)和平均數(shù)。看總數(shù)的話(huà)，就看不到不平 等的一面，而平均數(shù)根本沒(méi)有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的信息。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)除了幾次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退外，一直不斷高速增長(zhǎng)。

16、但皮尤研究中心( Pew Research Center)的一份報(bào)告表明，扣除通貨膨脹因素后，2014年私營(yíng)部門(mén)非管理層員工的時(shí)薪為美元，比1964年僅多出美元。Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, then as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory Univ

17、ersity,two monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbersas a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey receiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer.Theproblems with using GDP as a barometer

18、go beyond masking inequality.多項(xiàng)研究顯示，比起絕對(duì)所得，人們更加關(guān)心相對(duì)所得。如果事實(shí)是那樣的話(huà)， 在少數(shù)人變富的同時(shí)，多數(shù)人就得變的更窮。埃默里大學(xué)( Emory University ) 做過(guò)一個(gè)的著名實(shí)驗(yàn)，將兩只猴子放在一起，每完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)就獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)一根黃瓜。將給一只猴子的黃瓜替換成更美味的葡萄后，另一只猴子變的十分狂亂起來(lái)，并 拿嫌棄的黃瓜砸向訓(xùn)練人員。除了掩蓋經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等情況這個(gè)弊端外， 將GDP乍為 經(jīng)濟(jì)晴雨表還存在其他問(wèn)題。Invented in the US in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manuf

19、acturing age - good at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. Howwould GDPmeasure the quality of mental-health care or the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area? Even the Belarusian economist whopractically invented GDP do not like the fa

20、ct that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said,GDP should never be confusedwith well-being. That suggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have becomeobsessed with a single measure that offers only limited

21、information.GD%美國(guó)在20世紀(jì)30年代提出的，屬于制造業(yè)時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物，適用于統(tǒng)計(jì)物質(zhì) 生產(chǎn)，卻不適合衡量在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)中處于主導(dǎo)地位的各種服務(wù)。GDPto何衡量精神健康護(hù)理的質(zhì)量，如何衡量社區(qū)周?chē)娜胀兄行暮凸珗@的存在價(jià)值？即便是實(shí)際 發(fā)明GDP勺白俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家也不喜歡將軍備和金融投機(jī)歸入到 GDPB計(jì)中。他 說(shuō)，總之，永遠(yuǎn)不要將GD叫民生混為一談。這意味著我們需要尋找其他方法來(lái) 衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的成就。但是在大多數(shù)情況下，我們只信奉單一的衡量方法（即 GDP ,雖然它提供信息的有限。中譯英譯前認(rèn)知：第一篇文章選自2016年4月19日有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息化工作座談會(huì) 上的講話(huà)內(nèi)容?？此坪?jiǎn)單

22、陳述和概括總結(jié)的話(huà)語(yǔ)， 然而要理解透徹，翻譯出一定 的水平。其實(shí)很有難度。譯文風(fēng)格和遣詞造句的把控：將直譯與意譯進(jìn)行有機(jī)結(jié)合。即：該忠實(shí)陳述的， 考生要堅(jiān)持忠實(shí)的翻譯原則；而不該平鋪直敘的成分和句段，考生要做到意譯的 合理嫁接。避免一條道走到黑。同時(shí)，一定要抓住句子的主干，做到胸有成竹， 再下筆翻譯。不要看完就立刻翻譯，而是要搞清楚的句子的主干與修飾成分，理 清前后句子的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系后，再下筆安排遣詞造句，這才是有的放矢。從而， 也從根本上避免了語(yǔ)言的無(wú)序、邏輯混亂和主次含糊的嫌疑。Passage One原文：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個(gè)社會(huì)信息大平臺(tái)，億萬(wàn)網(wǎng)民在上面獲得信息、交流信息，這 會(huì)對(duì)他們的求知途徑

23、、思維方式、價(jià)值觀念產(chǎn)生重要影響，特別是會(huì)對(duì)他們（、）對(duì)國(guó)家、對(duì)社會(huì)、對(duì)工作、對(duì)人生的看法產(chǎn)生重要影響。網(wǎng)民來(lái)自老百姓，老百 姓上了網(wǎng)，民意也就上了網(wǎng)。各級(jí)黨政機(jī)關(guān)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與公眾保 持聯(lián)系（走群眾路線(xiàn)），經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)（，）看看，聊聊天、發(fā)發(fā)聲，了解群眾所思所愿， 收集好想法好建議，積極回應(yīng)網(wǎng)民關(guān)切、解疑釋惑。譯家精編譯文： As a large platform for social information, the Internet has an important effect on their ways of seeking knowledge and mode of thi

24、nking as well as values especially on their views to the country, society and work and life now that it enables hundreds of millions of netizens to get and exchange information. Party and government organs and leading cadres at all levels should learn to keep in touch with the public through the Int

25、ernet,for instance, we can often surf the Internet, chatand voice to understand what the masses think and want, collect good ideas and suggestions and actively respond to netizens' concerns, solve doubts and confusions based on the fact that public opinions are consciously expressed in Internet

26、by netizens from common people.譯家深入翻譯解析要義:1）本大段，由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子組成。所以，第一句主要是在說(shuō)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，語(yǔ)意主干是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)網(wǎng)民產(chǎn)生了重要影響，而其他的成分諸如：求知途徑、思維方式、價(jià)值觀念，對(duì)他們（ 、 ） 對(duì)國(guó)家、對(duì)社會(huì)、對(duì)工作、對(duì)人生的看法等等，均為圍繞主干而展開(kāi)的修飾和補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分。同時(shí)， 從整體上，對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)本身的特質(zhì)做了闡釋?zhuān)矗夯ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)允許網(wǎng)民獲得信息并對(duì)信息進(jìn)行交流。2）第二大段，旨在說(shuō)明各級(jí)黨政機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)該怎么做的問(wèn)題。即：應(yīng)該與公眾保持聯(lián)系 （ 走群眾路線(xiàn)） ，經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)（ ， ） 看看，聊聊天、發(fā)發(fā)聲，了解群眾所思所愿，收集好想法好建議，積

27、極回應(yīng)網(wǎng)民關(guān)切、解疑釋惑。因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)民來(lái)自老百姓，老百姓上了網(wǎng)，民意也就上了網(wǎng)。所以前后成分互為因果。3）結(jié)合文章出處，應(yīng)采用第一人稱(chēng)“我們”，這樣才能做到先入為主。并且全文的重中之重都在于“我們要怎樣做的問(wèn)題”。所以，采用譯文“we來(lái)做句子的主語(yǔ)，并進(jìn)行合理的句段搭建，意義十分重大。抓住了“我們”，也就抓住了整篇文章主干中的主干。原文：網(wǎng)民大多數(shù)是普通群眾，來(lái)自各行各業(yè)（ 四面八方 ） ，各自經(jīng)歷不同，觀點(diǎn)和想法肯定是五花八門(mén)的，不能要求他們對(duì)所有問(wèn)題都看得那么準(zhǔn)、說(shuō)得那么對(duì)。要多一些包容和耐心，對(duì)建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)要及時(shí)吸納，對(duì)困難（ 的人） 要及時(shí)幫助，對(duì)不了解情況的要及時(shí)宣介，對(duì)模糊認(rèn)識(shí)要及時(shí)廓清

28、，對(duì)怨氣怨言要及時(shí)化解，對(duì)錯(cuò)誤看法要及時(shí)引導(dǎo)和糾正。譯家精編譯文：We should not only be more tolerant and patient, absorbconstructive opinions in time, help those whoare in difficulties in time, publicize those who do not know the situations timely, clear up vagueknowledge timely, resolve complaints and grievances in time and guide

29、 and correct their wrong views in time, but also cannot ask them to view allthe issues so accurately and say so correctly under the background thatthe varied opinions and ideas are originated from their owned differentexperience from all walks of life and most of the netizens are from ordinary peopl

30、e.譯家深入翻譯解析要義：1）本大段，對(duì) “我們”提出了兩方面的 “要求”。即：第一，我們要多一些包容和耐心，對(duì)建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)要及時(shí)吸納，對(duì)困難 （ 的人 ） 要及時(shí)幫助，對(duì)不了解情況的要及時(shí)宣介，對(duì)模糊認(rèn)識(shí)要及時(shí)廓清，對(duì)怨氣怨言要及時(shí)化解，對(duì)錯(cuò)誤看法要及時(shí)引導(dǎo)和糾正。第二， 我們不能要求網(wǎng)民對(duì)所有問(wèn)題都看得那么準(zhǔn)、說(shuō)得那么對(duì)。2） 結(jié)合我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況。即：網(wǎng)民大多數(shù)是普通群眾，來(lái)自各行各業(yè)（ 四面八方 ） ，各自經(jīng)歷不同，觀點(diǎn)和想法肯定五花八門(mén)。本句的主干在于觀點(diǎn)和想法五花八門(mén)。其余成分則為圍繞主干而進(jìn)行的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。3） 搞清楚句子成分，前后關(guān)系，那么文章的遣詞造句和整體操控將譯如反掌。最后，鑒

31、于時(shí)間和精力關(guān)系，對(duì) Passage 2的真題不再進(jìn)行搶先試譯。對(duì) Catti 二級(jí)英語(yǔ)實(shí)戰(zhàn)翻譯真題感興趣的人群，可及時(shí)參加由譯家舉行的Catti二級(jí)筆譯 翻譯真題的輔導(dǎo)與培訓(xùn)方案。一站式地掌握 Catti二級(jí)筆譯真題的翻譯精髓！2018-05英譯中Passage One: Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins, a Devotion to Learning走進(jìn)破敗的柬埔寨廟宇，感受學(xué)習(xí)的熱情。Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins ofAngkor Wat, an i

32、nflux that has helped transform what once resembled a small, laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10,000 hotel rooms.每年，都有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的游客造訪(fǎng)吳哥窟，以觀賞當(dāng)?shù)毓爬系臍v史遺跡，而這個(gè)游客聚居之地，也一改往日偏僻村落的閑適之常態(tài)，一舉成為一座經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展呈迅猛之勢(shì)的國(guó)際化城鎮(zhèn)。一萬(wàn)間賓館客房拔地而起，賦予游客激情四射的夜生活。But the explosion of

33、the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap, which had no universities a decade ago, is now Cambodisi s second-largest hub for higher education, after the capital, Phnom Penh.但是，吳哥窟旅游業(yè)的爆棚式發(fā)展，也取得了某些意料之外的成果。十年前，暹 粒還是一片學(xué)術(shù)的不毛之地，而今，暹粒已發(fā)展壯大成為柬埔寨第二大高等教育 中心，高等院校規(guī)模僅次于首都金邊。Th

34、e sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides, receptionists, bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over, they study finance, English and accounting.來(lái)自貧困稻農(nóng)家的兒女們，一股腦地涌向暹粒。他們?cè)谶@里要么做導(dǎo)游，要么從 事接待工作；要么做調(diào)酒師，從事服務(wù)生的活計(jì)。每及輪班結(jié)束后，他們便會(huì)一 頭扎進(jìn)金融、英語(yǔ)和會(huì)計(jì)的學(xué)習(xí)之中。The establish

35、ment of five private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia. Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions. A generation of students who would o

36、therwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams.暹粒設(shè)立的五所私立大學(xué)，正為改觀當(dāng)?shù)氐膭趧?dòng)人口推波助瀾。老板們表示，員工的英語(yǔ)水平正在飛躍，接受高等教育的員工能表達(dá)自己的意愿，然后作出相應(yīng) 的決策，從而，也就容易在職場(chǎng)中脫穎而出。這一代學(xué)生本未對(duì)在高中畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)深造寄予厚望，而現(xiàn)在，他們正在努力地完成繁重的學(xué)業(yè)，以期獲得學(xué)位，追 尋夢(mèng)想。Khim Borin, a 26-year-ol

37、d tour guide by day and law student by night, says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season, when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun.時(shí)年26歲的金波林，白天做導(dǎo)游，晚上卻是一名主修法律的學(xué)生。波林聲稱(chēng)， 他夢(mèng)想成為一名律師。然而，在旅

38、游的旺季，他每天都要爬上那令人暈眩的神廟 臺(tái)階，且還不得不在熱帶陽(yáng)光的炙烤下暴曬數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)，這不免讓他在晚間的課堂 上心力交瘁。But the symbiosis of work and study here cametogether without any master plan.而在暹粒，工作與學(xué)習(xí)相得益彰，并無(wú)任何的總體規(guī)劃。It was driven largely by supply and demand: universities opened to cater to the dreams ofCambodisi s youth and offered flexible hours

39、in syncwith the rhythms of the tourist industry.供求關(guān)系是其中最主要的推動(dòng)因素：開(kāi)辦大學(xué)就是要為柬埔寨的年輕人實(shí)現(xiàn)夙 愿，按照旅游業(yè)的工作節(jié)奏，靈活地設(shè)置學(xué)習(xí)課時(shí)。After graduation, students who work and study at the sametime often have an edge over fresh graduates who have never worked before, for whom starting a career can be difficult, Ms. Chan and othe

40、rs say. University students are“more communicative, " she said. “If they don ' t likesomething, they speak out. ”陳女士和其他人皆表示，相較于那些沒(méi)有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的應(yīng)屆生，半工半讀的學(xué)生往往在畢業(yè)后有著更大的優(yōu)勢(shì)，那些從未工作過(guò)的學(xué)生在其職業(yè)生涯的起始階段總 難免挫折。陳女士還認(rèn)為，“大學(xué)生與人交流起來(lái)更加坦率。 對(duì)于不喜之事 物，他們定會(huì)和盤(pán)托出?！盡s. Chan and others say they are lucky that Angkor' s te

41、mples have proved so popular with tourists. If it were not for the sandstone structures nestled in the jungles, Siem Reapwould probably have remained a backwater. Last year, million tourists visited Siem Reap, half of them foreigners, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism.陳女士等人還說(shuō)，吳哥窟神廟能如此地備

42、受游客追捧，那是多么地幸運(yùn)倍至。若不是出于這片叢林里的砂巖建筑群，暹?？赡苋匀贿€是一個(gè)閉塞的小村落。據(jù)柬埔寨旅游部統(tǒng)計(jì)，去年共計(jì)有330萬(wàn)游客造訪(fǎng)暹粒，而其中一半的游客為外來(lái)人 士。英譯中Passage TwoFaculty shortage could thwart India's education dream師資短缺已成為印度教育夢(mèng)的絆腳石本標(biāo)題的翻譯主要集中在對(duì)單詞thwart的準(zhǔn)確釋義上。翻譯新手往往會(huì)享對(duì)字 進(jìn)行翻譯，而且對(duì)thwart的理解偏頗。Could thwart說(shuō)明了 Faculty shortage 對(duì)India's education dream的直接

43、影響。所以，既要避免字對(duì)字，又要兼顧文 采，還要譯文傳神。那我認(rèn)為可以?huà)侀_(kāi)原文的語(yǔ)序限定，將 thwart直接翻譯為 絆腳石。從而，起到一箭三調(diào)的作用。At one of the better colleges in India's capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty membersto sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. "If even half show up, there aren't enough chairs," said A

44、min, a historyprofessor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"瑪麗學(xué)院，作為印度首都新德里設(shè)施較好的學(xué)院之一，也只配備了一個(gè)大房間，以供140名教工集體休憩或閱卷?！凹幢阍摲块g只容留 70名教職員工，那辦公 座椅也不夠用，”瑪麗學(xué)院的一位歷史學(xué)教授阿明如是說(shuō)。 “在別無(wú)他處辦公的 窘境下，教員們?cè)撛趺窗残墓ぷ餮?？”本段原文英語(yǔ)看似簡(jiǎn)短、平淡，實(shí)則暗藏的語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容較為豐富。這就需要充分發(fā)揮漢語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，對(duì)

45、原文進(jìn)行細(xì)致的解剖和深入的語(yǔ)言雕琢。首句： At one of the better colleges in India's capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers.本段理解主要集中在單詞 better ,句子 there is just one large room和句子 to sit and have a cup of tea 的理解上。Better 一定要翻譯出較好的意思，而且根據(jù)上下 文，要在譯文進(jìn)行增譯處

46、理。即：不僅僅要翻譯出較好，還得強(qiáng)調(diào)是設(shè)施較好。否則不但體現(xiàn)不出既定的語(yǔ)境，而且還會(huì)為下一句的遣詞造句之順利出場(chǎng)增加唐 突性。句子there is just one large room的理解，一定要翻譯出僅僅/只配備有一個(gè)大房間。而句子 to sit and have a cup of tea ,其中的to sit 可以翻 譯為就坐，但這樣顯得譯文過(guò)于平淡，如果將就坐和喝茶一起來(lái)理解的話(huà)，無(wú)非就是休息或者休憩。所以，have a cup of tea其實(shí)是可以做省譯處理。后句和尾句："If even half show up, there aren't enough cha

47、irs," said Amin, ahistory professor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"這兩句在理解上,難度者B不算大。但還是有一些需要注意的地方，比如 history professor ,千萬(wàn)不能翻 譯為歷史教授，正確的理解為歷史學(xué)教授。而尾句 "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you exp

48、ect teachers to work?"鑒于語(yǔ)意的連貫性，可以將其一道整合起來(lái)理解，盡量避免字對(duì)字。The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of$22,000 a year - less than half of what some of he

49、r better students will makein their first jobs. Newopportunities offer not just more moneyfor graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India's colleges and universities.盡管，阿明女士在貴為 30載，但她的年薪只有然而，印度教育所面臨的問(wèn)題不僅僅是教員設(shè)施的不足 德里大學(xué)下設(shè)的其中之一所院校的瑪麗學(xué)院已執(zhí)教

50、22,000美元。這樣的薪資還不及她執(zhí)教過(guò)的那些得意門(mén)生們首份工作年薪的一 半。新的機(jī)遇不僅僅為大學(xué)畢業(yè)生帶來(lái)了更為豐厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，而且還為工作賦予了流動(dòng)性和靈活性，而這些福利都是印度大學(xué)教員們聞所未聞的。本段原文英語(yǔ)依然延續(xù)了簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)文風(fēng)，將教員與大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的收入進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比。故，在對(duì)本段漢語(yǔ)譯文的編織中，要尤其注意感情色彩的鋪陳和合理 演繹。整句看似形容結(jié)構(gòu)很繁雜，其實(shí)主旨就一條，那就是印度教育所面臨的問(wèn) 題不僅僅是教員設(shè)施的不足，還有收入回報(bào)懸殊的問(wèn)題。本段幾乎無(wú)語(yǔ)言難點(diǎn)， 全文只需要抓住 After 30 years at Mary College, which is one o

51、f dozens administered by the University of Delhi 這一句，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行合理的語(yǔ)言架 構(gòu)，突出句子暗含的感情色彩。一定要翻譯出瑪麗學(xué)院貴為德里大學(xué)的下設(shè)院校， 突出瑪麗學(xué)院的身份和優(yōu)越性，從而進(jìn)一步凸顯主人公阿明案例的代表性。把控好該段的核心要義，則整句的遣詞造句便是順理成章，水到渠成。All this meansthat India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are bei

52、ng blamed.According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions re

53、main vacant. The report's authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommendecby the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.諸此種種，無(wú)不意味著印度正遭遇著教工嚴(yán)重短缺的問(wèn)題。但不能將其僅僅歸咎 于薪資低廉和設(shè)施匱乏。根據(jù)去年發(fā)布的一份政府報(bào)告，高等教育的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張， 博士數(shù)量的供不應(yīng)求，加之招聘滯后與吸納和培養(yǎng)人才激勵(lì)措施的缺乏。這一切 致使現(xiàn)有教職工崗位

54、空缺率高達(dá) 40%。該份政府報(bào)告的作者大多從事學(xué)術(shù)研究， 他們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果按照印度政府倡導(dǎo)的班級(jí)規(guī)模來(lái)計(jì)算話(huà)，則現(xiàn)有教職工崗位空缺率將驟增至54%。本段雖然句子較為分散，但是語(yǔ)意很是連貫。詳細(xì)講述了造成師資短缺的根源。 本段語(yǔ)言難點(diǎn)也較少，全文的難點(diǎn)在于According to a government reportpublished last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of

55、 incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant對(duì)這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的理解上。鑒于該句修飾成分較多，翻譯的時(shí)候要拿捏好哪些是鋪墊成分，哪些是句 子的主干，而哪些是從句。哪些是概括，哪些是解釋成分。搞清楚句子的復(fù)雜結(jié) 構(gòu)，本句的翻譯可謂峰回路轉(zhuǎn)，柳暗花明。學(xué)員可以根據(jù)譯文，來(lái)揣度這其中的 深意。Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will f

56、ail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country's higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India's education dream rem

57、ains just that.專(zhuān)家們表示，這清晰地表明印度將難以實(shí)現(xiàn)其教育部長(zhǎng)所設(shè)定的目標(biāo)，即承諾將在2020年前使印度高等教育學(xué)生的數(shù)量翻一番。專(zhuān)家們一致認(rèn)為，雖然這一雄 心壯志值得嘉許，但由于缺乏培育教員的長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略，印度的教育夢(mèng)也只能是空想。本段語(yǔ)言較為概括。本段語(yǔ)言難點(diǎn)也較少，難點(diǎn)在于對(duì)尾句They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India's education dream remai

58、ns just that的理解上。要揣摩句子間的情感轉(zhuǎn)折色彩，remains just that 在此可理解為擱淺 或者空想。Mr. Balakrishnan of Indian institute of technology in Delhi,meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and universities - about twicethe current figure - by the end o

59、f this decade. "Tangible changes are happening," he said. "The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education."而位于德里的印度理工學(xué)院巴拉科瑞斯南先生則持更為樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。他認(rèn)為，到2020年,印度屆時(shí)可從高等學(xué)府招募到25%勺優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生作為高教職工。這個(gè)比 率約為現(xiàn)今的兩倍?！罢鎸?shí)的變化正在進(jìn)行，"巴拉科瑞斯南先生如是說(shuō)?！斑^(guò) 去這幾年間喋喋不休的論辯結(jié)果就是人們已經(jīng)走出了安樂(lè)窩。普及素