高考英語(yǔ) Unit8單元單詞短語(yǔ)句型知識(shí)梳理 大綱人教版第二冊(cè)

1、Unit 8理解:要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.drown講：vt.vi使溺死，淹死；淹沒(méi)；消除；忘卻例：Betty tried to drown herself in the lake.貝蒂企圖投湖自殺。The noise from the airplane drowned his voice.來(lái)自飛機(jī)的噪音淹沒(méi)了他的聲音。The streets were drowned by the floods.那條街道被洪水所淹沒(méi)。He tried to drown his sorrows in drinks.他試圖以酒消愁。He drowned himself in his job.他埋頭工作。He fell f

2、rom a bridge and drowned.他從橋上掉下去淹死了。練：（2010湖北宜昌調(diào)研）How dangerous it was!Yes,but for the passerby s quick action,the girl_.A.was drowned B.has drownedC.should be drowned D.could have been drowned提示:本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。短語(yǔ)but for的意思為“多虧了；如果不是的話(huà)”，要求主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，謂語(yǔ)用could have done。答案:D2.calm講：adj.&vt.

3、寧?kù)o的，風(fēng)平浪靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的；使平靜（鎮(zhèn)靜）例：It was a calm,cloudless day.那是個(gè)無(wú)風(fēng)無(wú)云的日子。The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.大風(fēng)過(guò)后，大海又風(fēng)平浪靜了。He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency.他碰到緊急事件時(shí)總是保持鎮(zhèn)定。She tried to speak in a calm voice.她盡量用平靜的聲音講話(huà)。She got frightened and excited,but is much calmer now.她受驚嚇而顯得激動(dòng)，但現(xiàn)在平靜多了

4、。They tried everything to calm him down.他們想盡一切辦法讓他鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)。鏈接·提示 比較：quiet安靜的，不吵鬧的；still不動(dòng)的；silent沉默的，不發(fā)表意見(jiàn)的。練：When I started playing for him,he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.After I_down,I played better.A.fell B.steppedC.slowed D.calmed提示:根據(jù)上文中的relax和nervous可以判斷出作者過(guò)于緊張，影響了能力的發(fā)揮

5、，等作者冷靜下來(lái)，發(fā)揮得更好了，所以使用短語(yǔ)calm down。答案:D3.reach講：vt.& n.到達(dá)；夠到；達(dá)成例：Your letter reached me this morning.你寄給我的信今天早上收到了。They discussed it for a whole day,but no agreement has been reached.這個(gè)事他們討論了一整天，但沒(méi)有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。Medicine should not be left within reach of small children.藥品不可留在幼兒伸手可及的范圍內(nèi)。He reached out for

6、 a piece of cake.他伸手去拿一塊蛋糕。The banana is out of the monkey s reach.那個(gè)香蕉在猴子夠不到的地方。鏈接·提示 注意在表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)，reach為及物動(dòng)詞，arrive為不及物動(dòng)詞，get后跟名詞時(shí)要使用介詞to才能表示此意。練：（2010湖北高考）Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within_of little children.A.hand B.reach C.space D.distance提示:短語(yǔ)within reach of sb.的意思為“在某人夠得

7、到的范圍內(nèi)”。答案:B4.loose講：adj.未打結(jié)的；寬松的短語(yǔ):break loose 掙脫；let.loose釋放例：He wore a long,loose coat.他穿一件大而寬松的外衣。She has a loose tongue.她嘴巴不嚴(yán)。鏈接·提示 （1）loosen vt. 放松；松開(kāi) He loosened his coat but didnt take it off. 他解開(kāi)外衣的扣子但沒(méi)有脫下來(lái)。 (2)比較：lose v. 丟失練：She got _in the crowd.A.lose B.loose C.lost D.loosen提示:本處為系表結(jié)

8、構(gòu)，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。答案:C短語(yǔ)1.keep.in mind講:該短語(yǔ)的意思為“記住”，一般賓語(yǔ)放在動(dòng)詞keep之后。keep in mind 還可以跟從句作賓語(yǔ)，也表示“記住”。例：Please keep these rules in mind.請(qǐng)記住這些規(guī)則。Ill keep in mind the instructions you have given me.我會(huì)記住你給我的指導(dǎo)。There is one thing that you must always keep in mind.有一件事你要牢記。Keep in mind that the petrol can only last

9、2 hours.請(qǐng)記住，這點(diǎn)汽油僅能維持兩個(gè)小時(shí)。You must keep in mind that he is much younger than you.你要記住他比你小很多。練：You must keep_in mind_you are a student in this school,so you should obey the school rules.A.it;that B.such;asC.everything;which D.something;because提示:keep something in mind是固定短語(yǔ)。這里，因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，影響句子的平衡，所

10、以在第一空用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替。答案:A2.in honour of講：為紀(jì)念；為向表達(dá)敬意例：We decide to hold a meeting in honour of him.我們決定舉行會(huì)議來(lái)紀(jì)念他。There is a party tonight in honour of our new president.為慶祝我們的新經(jīng)理就任，今晚有個(gè)聚會(huì)。鏈接·提示 相似短語(yǔ)還有：in memory of為紀(jì)念；in praise of 為表彰；in favour of 支持，贊成，有利于練：The street was named after a great man_his g

11、reat contributions to the city.A.in honour of B.in want ofC.in case of D.in need of提示:用一個(gè)偉人的名字來(lái)命名這條街道，為的是“紀(jì)念他為這座城市所做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)”。答案:A句型1.as if引導(dǎo)的從句講：請(qǐng)觀(guān)察下面教材原句：It looked as if she were dead.看上去她好像死了。（此處為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示假設(shè)）as if描述非現(xiàn)實(shí)情況時(shí)，as if從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（表示現(xiàn)在用過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）；在口語(yǔ)中，主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且有內(nèi)容可清楚判別是表達(dá)非現(xiàn)實(shí)的意思時(shí)，在as if后的從句有

12、時(shí)也可以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：She looks as if she were drunk.她看起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)直就像喝醉了似的。It seems as if he would leave for Shanghai.他好像要?jiǎng)由砣ド虾?。It looks as if its going to rain.看起來(lái)似乎要下雨。(確有可能發(fā)生)He treats me as if I am(were)a stranger.他待我好像我是陌生人。鏈接·提示 若使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則是表達(dá)實(shí)際的事實(shí)關(guān)系；as if從句里的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可省略。He walked up and down as if (he was) wo

13、rried.他來(lái)回走動(dòng)，似乎挺著急。練：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it_.A.breaks B.has brokenC.were broken D.had been broken提示:根據(jù)as if對(duì)從句謂語(yǔ)的要求，此處從句表示的是一種對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞一律用were。答案:C2.could have done講：請(qǐng)觀(guān)察下面教材原句：Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not h

14、ave to feel that we could have done more.學(xué)習(xí)急救是保證遇到此類(lèi)事情不留遺憾的最佳途徑。could have done為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種用法，表示“過(guò)去本能夠做某事”，但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有去做。should/ought to have done“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該去做”；need have done“過(guò)去本必要做”；may have done“過(guò)去可能做過(guò)”。例：I could have come on time,but my car broke down on the way.我本來(lái)能夠按時(shí)來(lái)的，但車(chē)在路上壞了。You could have been more care

15、ful.你本來(lái)可以更細(xì)心的。You should/ought to have told me about it earlier.你本應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)告訴我的。I should have finished the work earlier.我應(yīng)當(dāng)早一點(diǎn)完成這項(xiàng)工作的。You may (might) have read about it.你可能在報(bào)上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。He neednt have worried about it.他本不必為此事?lián)?。There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You ought to have come,but why didnt

16、 you.昨天的聚會(huì)非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來(lái)，為何不來(lái)呢？鏈接·提示 比較：must have done sth.過(guò)去一定做過(guò)某事；cant have done過(guò)去一定沒(méi)有做過(guò)某事He isnt here.He must have missed the train. 他還未到，一定是沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)。 Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢？練：Miss Yang_at 5:00 for the meeting,but she didnt appear.A.should have arrived B.should arriveC.should hav

17、e had arrived D.should be arriving提示:本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。從句子的意思分析，此處應(yīng)該表示“本應(yīng)該在5:00來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)”，但事實(shí)是沒(méi)有到。所以使用should have done結(jié)構(gòu)。答案:A辨析1.catch fire，be on fire,make a fire,set fire to,put out the firecatch fire表示動(dòng)作，“著火”。(be)on fire表示狀態(tài)，“著火”。make a fire生火start/light a fire點(diǎn)火put out the fire撲滅大火set.on fire/set fire to縱火，放

18、火燒即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)If a pan of oil _,turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.(2)The company _last night and it is still on fire.(3)The fire has been _for half an hour.(4)They _to keep warm.(5)The old woman was about to _to cook dinner when someone knocked at the door.(6)They _to be seen by the rescuing te

19、am.(7)The fire had been _before the firemen arrived.(8)The Japanese to his house.答案:(1)catches fire (2)caught fire (3)on fire (4)made a fire (5)make a fire (6)started a fire (7)put out (8)set fire2.in case of,in case,in any case,in no case,in that casein case of +n.萬(wàn)一；在情形下in case后跟從句或用作副詞位于句尾，意為“在情況

20、下；萬(wàn)一的話(huà)”。in any case在任何情況下in no case無(wú)論如何in that case那樣的話(huà)；在那種情況下即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)_an earthquake,dont panic.(2) _ should you give up.(3) _ anything important happens,please call me up.(4)Take a taxi_you are late for the meeting.(5)You had better carry some money_.(6)Come late again and you will be dismissed. _,you will be helpless.(7)You cant be late again_.答案:(1)In case of (2