第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院翻譯考研試題_具有較大參考價(jià)值,有助于考試_

1、第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院翻譯考研試題一、中譯英:請(qǐng)將下列三部分中文譯成英文（50分） （一）第一部分（10分）1.世界貿(mào)易組織 2.亞太經(jīng)合組織 3.國(guó)有企業(yè)改革 4.信息技術(shù)革命 5.機(jī)關(guān)干部分流 6.下崗職工就業(yè) 7.村民委員會(huì) 8.抗洪求災(zāi) 9.環(huán)保意識(shí) 10. 計(jì)劃生育（二）第二部分（20分）華裔再獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)甲、最近看報(bào)了沒(méi)有、又一位華裔獲得了諾言貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)。乙、在電視中看到了，他叫崔琦，老家河南，小時(shí)候家窮，父親把他送到香港親戚家，1958年去了美國(guó)。甲、崔琦的童年十分坎坷，是那種永遠(yuǎn)向前看的精神才使他發(fā)奮讀書(shū)，當(dāng)上了一代著名科學(xué)家。乙、不管怎么說(shuō)，崔琦為華人爭(zhēng)了光，這又一次說(shuō)明，我們中國(guó)人有

2、躋身世界民族之林的能力。甲、對(duì)，我們應(yīng)該向崔琦學(xué)習(xí)，把科學(xué)技稿上去爭(zhēng)取在下世紀(jì)業(yè)成為中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。（三）第三部分（20分）千百年來(lái)，貧困一直如影隨形地與我們相伴而行，抹不去貧困的陰影，建設(shè)一個(gè)光明燦爛、繁榮富強(qiáng)聽(tīng)國(guó)家是華夏幾代人夢(mèng)寐以求的理想，治窮先治愚，要擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)上的貧困，首先要擺脫教育文上的貧困，科教興國(guó)，發(fā)展以高科技為核心的知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)，加快創(chuàng)造必珍才的培養(yǎng)，是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的一項(xiàng)基本戰(zhàn)略方針。我國(guó)政府已經(jīng)向全世界承諾，到2000年我國(guó)將基本消除貧困現(xiàn)象，為了這一莊嚴(yán)承諾言，我國(guó)嚇估教育領(lǐng)域作出了巨大的努力，就充分展示了中國(guó)人民消除貧困的萬(wàn)丈雄心。二、將下列英文文章中的前三段譯成中文（50分

3、）The Beauty of BritainJ. B. PrestleyWe live in one of the most beautiful islands in the world. This is a fact we are always forgetting. When beautiful islands are mentioned we think of Trinidad and Tahiti. These are fine, romantic places, but they are not really as exquisitely beautiful as our own B

4、ritain. Before the mines and factories came; and long before, we went from bad to worse with our arterial roads and petrol stations and horrible brick bungalows, this country must have been an enchantment, Even now, after we have been bust for so long flinging mud at this fair pale face, the enchant

5、ment still remains, Sometimes I doubt if we deserve to possess it .There can be few parts of the world in which commercial greed and public indifference have combined to do more damage than they have here. The process continues. It is still too often assumed that any enterprising fellow after quick

6、profits has a perfect right to destroy a loveliness that is the heritage of the whole community.The beauty of our country is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and larger countries we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. W

7、e have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always, faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, whith the sea always round the corner. We know that everything h

8、as to be neatly packer into a small space, Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things mountains, plans, rivers, lakesto the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. Though th

9、e geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mountains, our plains not plains.My own favorite country, perhaps because I know it as a boy, is that of the Yorkshire Dales. A days walk

10、among them will give you almost everything fit to be seen on this earth. Within a few hours, you have enjoyed the green valleys, with their rivers, fine old bridges, pleasant villages, hanging woods, smooth fields, and then the moorland splpes, with their rushing streams, stone walls, salty winds an

11、d crying curlews, white farmhouses, and then the lonely heights which seem to be miles above the ordinary world, and moorland tracks as remote, it seems, as trails in Mongolia.We have greater resources at our command than our ancestors had, and we are more impatient than they were. Thanks to our new

12、 resources, we are better able to ruin the countryside and even the towns, than our fathers were, but on the other hand we are far more alive to the consequences of such ruin than they were.Our children and their children after them must live in a beautiful country. It must be a country happily comp

13、romising between Nature and Man, blending what was best worth retaining rom the past with what best represents the spirit of our own age, a country as rich in noble towns as it is in trees, birds, and wild flowers.The Beauty of BritainJ. B. PriestleyThe beauty of our country or at least all of it so

14、uth of the Highlands is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and larger countries, we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. We have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains, no leagues of forests, and are deprived

15、of the grandeur that may accompany these things. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round the corner. We know that everything has to be neat

16、ly packed into a small space. Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things mountains, plains, rivers, lakes to the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. In America the whole

17、 scale is too big, except for aviators. There is always too much of everything. There you find yourself in a region that is all mountains, then in another region that is merely part of one colossal plain. You can spend a long, hard day in the Rockies simply traveling up or down one valley. You can w

18、ander across prairie country that has the desolating immensity of the ocean. Everything is too big; there is too much of it.Though the geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mount

19、ains, our plains not plains. Consider that piece of luck of ours, the Lake District. You can climb with ease as I have done many a time several of its mountains in one day. Nevertheless, you feel that they are mountains and not mere hills as a correspondent pointed out in The Times recentl

20、y. This same correspondent told a story that proves my point. A party of climbers imported a Swiss guide into the Lake District, and on the first morning, surveying the misty, jagged peaks before him, he pointed to a ledge about two thirds of the way up one of them and suggested that the party shoul

21、d spend the night there. He did not know that that ledge was only an hour or twos journey away and that before the light went they would probably have conquered two or three of these peaks. He had not realized the scale of the country. He did not know that he was looking at mountains in miniature. W

22、hat he did know was that he was certainly looking at mountains, and he was right, for these peaks, some of them less than 3,000 feet high, have all the air of great mountains, like those in the Snowdon country, with their grim slaty faces.My own favorite country, perhaps because I knew it as a boy,

23、is that of the Yorkshire Dales. For variety of landscape, these Dales cannot be matched on this island or anywhere else. A days walk among them will give you almost everything fit to be seen on this earth. Within a few hours, you have enjoyed the green valleys, with their rivers, find old bridges, p

24、leasant villages, hanging woods, smooth fields; and then the moorland slopes, with their rushing streams, stone walls, salty winds and crying curlews, white farmhouses; and then the lonely heights, which seem to be miles above the ordinary world, with their dark tarns, heather and ling and harebells

25、, and moorland tracks as remote, it seems, as traits in Mongolia. Yet less than an hour in a fast motor will bring you to the middle of some manufacturing town, which can be left and forgotten just as easily as it can be reached from these heights.With variety goes surprise. Ours is the country of h

26、appy surprises. You have never to travel long without being pleasantly astonished. It would not be difficult to compile a list of such surprise that would fill the next fifty pages, but will content myself with suggesting the first few that occur to me. If you go down into the West Country, among ro

27、unded hills and soft pastures, you suddenly arrive at the bleak tablelands of Dartmoor and Exmoor, genuine high moors, as if the North had left a piece of itself down there. But before you have reached them you have already been surprised by the queer bit of Fen country you have found in the neighbo

28、rhood of Glastonbury, as if a former inhabitant had been sent to Cambridge and had brought his favorite fenland walk back from college with him into the West. The long, green walls of the North and South Downs are equally happy surprises. The Weald is another of them. East Anglia has a kind of rough

29、 heath country of its own that I for one never expect to find there and am always delighted to see. No doubt it is only natural that East Lincolnshire and that Southeastern spur of Yorkshire should show us an England that looks more than half Dutch, but the transition always comes as a surprise to m

30、e. Then, after the easy rolling Midlands, the dramatic Peak District, with its genuine steep fells, never fails to astonish me, for I feel that it has no business to be there. A car will take you all round the Peak District in a morning. It is nothing but a crumpled green pocket handkerchief. Nevert

31、heless, we hear of search parties going out there to find lost travelers. Again, there has always been something surprising to me about those conical hills that suddenly pop up in Shropshire and along the Welsh border. I have never explored this region properly, and so it remains to me a country of

32、mystery, with a delightful fairy-tale quality about its sugar-loaf hills. I could go on with this list of surprises, but perhaps you had better make your own.Another characteristic of our landscape is its exquisite moderation. It looks like the result of one of those happy compromises that make our

33、social and political plans so irrational and yet so successful. It has been born of a compromise between wildness and tameness, between Nature and Man. In many countries you pass straight from regions where men have left their mark on every inch of ground to other regions that are desolate wildernes

34、ses. Abroad, we have all noticed how abruptly most of the cities seem to begin: here, no city; there, the city. With us the cities pretend they are not really there until we are well inside them. They almost insinuate themselves into the countryside. This comes from another compromise of ours, the s

35、uburb. There is a great deal to be said for the suburb. To people of moderate means, compelled to live fairly near their work in a city, the suburb offers the most civilized way of life. Nearly all Englishmen are at heart country gentlemen. The suburban villa enables the salesman or the clerk, out o

36、f hours, to be almost a country gentleman. (Let us admit that it offers his wife and children more solid advantages.) A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. There are, however, thins to be said against the suburb. To begin with, now that everybody has

37、 a passion and, in my opinion, a ridiculous passion for living in detached or semidetached villas, the new suburbs eat into the countryside in the greediest fashion and immensely enlarge the bounds of their cities. Nor is there anything very pleasing in the sight of these villas and bungalows, thick

38、ly sown for miles, higgledy-piggledy and messy. Then again, there are disadvantages about being neither completely urban nor completely rural: it might be better if people who work in the cities were more mentally urban, more ready to identify themselves with the life of the city proper. Thus there

39、is something more than cheap snobbery behind that accusing cry of “Suburban!” which we hear so often. It may mean that the accused, with his compromises, has contrived to lose the urban virtues without acquiring the rural ones, and is mentally making the worst of both worlds.We must return, however,

40、 to the landscape, which I suggest is the result of a compromise between wildness and cultivation, Nature and Man. One reason for this is that it contains that exquisite balance between Nature and Man. We see a cornfield and a cottage, both solid evidences of Mans presence. But notice how these thin

41、gs, in the middle of the scene, are surrounded by witnesses to that ancient England that was nearly all forest and heath. The fence and the gate are man-made, but are not severely regular and trim as they would be in some other countries. The trees and hedges, the grass and wild flowers in the foreg

42、round, all suggest that Nature has not been dragooned into obedience. Even the cottage, which has an irregularity and coloring that make it fit snugly into the landscape (as all good cottage should do), looks nearly as much a piece of natural history as the trees: you feel it might have grown there.

43、 In some countries, that cottage would have been an uncompromising cube of brick which would have declared, “No nonsense one. Man, the drainer, the tiller, the builder, has settled here.” In this English scene there is no such direct opposition. Men and trees and flowers, we feel, have all settled d

44、own comfortably together. The motto is, “Live and let live.” This exquisite harmony between Nature and Man explains in part the enchantment of the older Britain, in which whole towns fitted snugly into the landscape, as if they were no more than bits of woodland; and roads went winding the easiest w

45、ay as naturally as rivers; and it was impossible to say where cultivation ended and wild life began. It was a country rich in trees, birds, and wild flowers, as we can see to this day.英倫之美我國(guó)之美，至少在高地以南的所有地方的美，難以形容卻又易于領(lǐng)略。對(duì)比一下其他更大的國(guó)家，我們立刻就可以看出我國(guó)的一個(gè)誘人之處就在于其景致在一個(gè)很小的范圍內(nèi)卻變幻多端、多姿多彩。在這里，我們沒(méi)有巍峨崔嵬的高山、沒(méi)有一望無(wú)際的草原

46、、也沒(méi)有重翠疊嶂的森林，更加沒(méi)有高山、草原、森林所帶來(lái)的那種宏偉壯觀。但是，我們的景致卻多姿多彩，地方雖小，卻包羅萬(wàn)象。我想我們總是很少意識(shí)到這是一個(gè)四面環(huán)海的島國(guó)，萬(wàn)物都被非常精巧地安排在這小小的土地上；自然巧奪天工般地對(duì)山脈、草原、河流、湖泊進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃，使它們和這個(gè)島國(guó)相得益彰。在這里，一座12000英尺高的山峰就會(huì)出奇的不相稱，一個(gè)400英里長(zhǎng)的草原也是如此的不適合，更不要說(shuō)一條像密西西比河那樣寬闊的河流了。在美國(guó)，除了飛行員以外，人人都會(huì)認(rèn)為整個(gè)地方太大，事物也太多。在那里，你來(lái)到一個(gè)地方，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)眼見(jiàn)之處全是山峰；如果你到了另一個(gè)地方，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你所在之處只是一個(gè)巨大草原的一隅而已。你

47、可以花上一整天，艱苦地在落基山上爬上又爬下；你也可以在如一望無(wú)際的、荒涼孤落的大海般的草原上徘徊良久。萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物都太大也太多。盡管從地理特征上說(shuō)，這座島國(guó)相對(duì)較小，但所到之處皆多姿多彩、令人驚訝，但這不意味著我們的山不是山，我們的草原不是草原。想想那個(gè)被稱為“我們的福氣”的湖區(qū)。你可以悠然自得地在一天中翻越幾座小山，我就曾多次地這樣做過(guò)。不過(guò)，你會(huì)覺(jué)得它們無(wú)一例外都是山，而不是沙丘一個(gè)泰晤士報(bào)的記者最近就這樣評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)。這個(gè)記者講述了一件軼事，和我的看法不謀而合。一群登山愛(ài)好者請(qǐng)了一個(gè)瑞士的導(dǎo)游來(lái)到湖區(qū)。第一天早上，在查看了眼前云深霧繞、嶙峋兀列的山峰之后，這位瑞士導(dǎo)游指著離山頂三分之一距離的一塊山

48、石說(shuō)就在那里過(guò)夜。他茫然不知那快山石只有一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的路程，并且，在天黑之前，他們可能已經(jīng)翻越了兩三座這樣的山峰。他完全沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這個(gè)國(guó)家的大小，也不知道他所看到的只是微型的山。他只知道他看到的是山，事實(shí)也確實(shí)如此，因?yàn)檫@些山雖然都不足3000英尺高，卻擺足了大山的氣派，這就和斯諾頓地區(qū)那些崖岸陡峻的山一樣。我最喜歡的地方是約克夏山谷，這或許由于我從小就生活在那里吧！由于擁有多姿多彩的景致，我們的島國(guó)或者世界上的其他任何地方都不能與之比擬。你花一天時(shí)間暢游山谷，它們將會(huì)讓你看到世界上值得去看的一切景致。在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里，你就可以有幸領(lǐng)略到蒼翠欲滴的山谷，涓涓小河流淌其中；你同樣可以發(fā)現(xiàn)精致的古

49、橋、舒適的村落、茂密的森林、平坦的田野；然后還有沼地的小山坡，帶著奔瀉的小溪、青石的古墻、略帶咸味的海風(fēng)、啼鳴的麻鷸、白色的農(nóng)舍；再加上荒寂的高地，它們比平地高出幾英里，上面布滿黑色的深譚，遍地都是美麗的石南和藍(lán)鈴；最后還有沼地小徑，它們和蒙古一樣幽遠(yuǎn)。但騎上高速摩托車(chē)，不到一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間，你就來(lái)到某個(gè)制造業(yè)的小鎮(zhèn)，但這樣的小鎮(zhèn)又非常容易被遺忘，因?yàn)閺母叩貋?lái)到小鎮(zhèn)是如此的容易。與景致的變幻多姿交相輝映的就是驚喜無(wú)限。我們的國(guó)家充滿著令人無(wú)比愜意的驚喜。你從來(lái)不用走多遠(yuǎn)，驚喜就已經(jīng)接踵而至映入你的眼簾。如果要羅列一下這些驚喜，寫(xiě)滿接下來(lái)的50頁(yè)紙，絲毫不費(fèi)力?，F(xiàn)在，我只想把我自己最先知悉的幾個(gè)驚喜信手拈來(lái)、以饗自我。如果你來(lái)到西部，游歷完錦繡峰巒和茵茵綠野之后，你突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處凜冽肅殺、凄切孤寂的達(dá)特木爾和?？四緺柵_(tái)地，它們是真正的沼地，好似寒冷的北方在此留下的一塊土地。但是在你來(lái)到這些臺(tái)地之前，你就會(huì)為在格拉斯頓伯里附近找到的一塊奇怪的沼澤而感到大吃一驚，這恰似一個(gè)人去了劍橋，臨走之時(shí)依戀萬(wàn)分，把他最喜歡的散步場(chǎng)所從劍橋帶回了西部。而南北丘陵那些綿延、蒼翠的壁崖同樣也能讓人大吃一驚。威爾德就是它們中的一