高中英語虛擬語氣課件

1、The Subjunctive Mood Grammar1. If I were Andy Lou, I would be in Hong Kong now. 2. I wish I were a millionaire.3. We suggest that everyone should help the AIDS patients. When to use the Subjunctive Mood in English?hypotheseswishessuggestion虛擬語氣虛擬語氣The Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式是一種特殊的動詞形式(ve

2、rb structure), 用來表示說話人所說用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí) (fact)，而只是一種，而只是一種假設(shè)假設(shè)(hypotheses )愿望愿望(wishes)、建議、建議(suggestion) 或懷疑或懷疑(doubt)等等。等等。The definition of the Subjunctive Mood1. 虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬語氣在條件句中 1) “表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條條件從句一般用過去時(shí)件從句一般用過去時(shí),主句用主句用would do, should do 或或 might /could do; 虛擬語氣應(yīng)該注意的

3、幾點(diǎn)虛擬語氣應(yīng)該注意的幾點(diǎn): :2) 表示表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情情”, 條件從句用過去完成時(shí)條件從句用過去完成時(shí), 主句主句用用would have done, should have done, might / could have done.n The old men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm.n I should be surprised if it was less than five pounds.n If I frightened those birds, th

4、ey might fly off and I would never see them again.n If I were you, I would accept the offer.n If I were asked to define my mood, Id say “bored”.n If he had taken his doctors advice, he might not have died so soon.n If he had realized that, he would have run away while there was still time.n If she h

5、ad not married, she could have become special in the filed.2. 虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條件從句用條件從句用 should do, were to do或一般過去時(shí)或一般過去時(shí), 主句用主句用 would do, should do, could/might do.n If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would have to be put off.n I could see the surfac

6、e of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day.n What would you do if he failed to come tomorrow?注意注意: 含有含有 should 的條件句的條件句, 主句可以主句可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí). 例如例如:n If there should be another flood, what shall we do?n Ask her to leave a message if she should come.3. 在正式英語文體中在正式

7、英語文體中, if 從句中的第從句中的第一個(gè)動詞如果是一個(gè)動詞如果是should, were 或或 had, 可將此動詞置于句首可將此動詞置于句首, 替代替代 if例如：例如：n Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions.n Had the captain been more careful, his ship would not have sunk.n Should any visitors come, I would say you are not here.4. if only 和和 suppose (suppos

8、ing), 也可也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬從句以引導(dǎo)虛擬從句n If only I had more time, I could go there to help them.n Supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go climbing the mountain with us? 5. If it were not / had not been for 也也是常見的虛擬句型是常見的虛擬句型, 意思是意思是“要不要不是是” 例如例如:n If it had not been for your help, we would not have achieved

9、so much in our work. n If it were not for the wise decision, we could not be living a happy life.6. 虛擬語氣用于虛擬語氣用于I wish的賓語從句的賓語從句中中: 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間, 動詞用一般過去時(shí)動詞用一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí) (be動詞用動詞用were /was)。 表示過去時(shí)間表示過去時(shí)間, 動詞用過去完成時(shí)和動詞用過去完成時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 表示將來時(shí)間表示將來時(shí)間, 動動詞用詞用 would/ could 等等+動詞原形。動詞原形。n I wish

10、 I knew how to operate this computer.n I wish he werent so lazy.n I do wish everything would be as quiet as before.n I wish we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.注意注意: 這里這里I wish 所表達(dá)的意思與所表達(dá)的意思與 if only差不多。以上的句子都可差不多。以上的句子都可以用以用if only 來代替來代替 I wish 例如例如:n If only I knew how to operate this comput

11、er.n If only we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.7. Its (about/high) time +從句，表示從句，表示“該做而未做的事該做而未做的事”, 是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議建議, 從句中的動詞用一般過去時(shí)。從句中的動詞用一般過去時(shí)。例如：例如：n It is high time we began to work. n Weve enjoyed the evening, but its time we went home.n Its about time the boy learned to behave himself.8

12、. 表示表示“要求、建議、命令要求、建議、命令” 等動詞等動詞demand, require, suggest, insist, advise, order 等后接賓語從句時(shí)等后接賓語從句時(shí), 從從句謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣句謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣, 即即should + 動詞原形動詞原形 (do/be done), should 也可以省略例如：也可以省略例如：n He insisted that John (should) do the job.n We suggest that the meeting (should) not be postponed.n The union demand

13、ed that the wages (should) be raised by 20%.常用的這類動詞是常用的這類動詞是: ask (要求要求), advise (建議建議), command(命令命令), decide(決定決定), demand(要求要求), insist(堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持), move(提提議議), order(命令命令), propose(提出提出), require(要求要求), request(請求請求), suggest (建議建議), urge(主張主張) 如果這些動詞不是如果這些動詞不是表示表示“要求、建議、命令要求、建議、命令”等意思時(shí)等意思時(shí), 這時(shí)賓語從句一般不

14、用虛擬語氣。這時(shí)賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。例如：例如：n He insisted that I was wrong. (這兒這兒 insist 意思是意思是“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”）n The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret. (這兒這兒 suggest 意思是意思是“表明表明”）虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實(shí)相反的情況以外，還需要注意以及過去事實(shí)相反的情況以外，還需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：下幾點(diǎn)： 一、一、 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主

15、句表示的當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動詞的形式要行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。如：依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。如： If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you might be well now. (條件句與過去事實(shí)相反條件句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。相反。) 如果你昨天吃了藥如果你昨天吃了藥, 你的病今天也許就好你的病今天也許就好了。了。 二、省略二、省略if的條件句的條件句 如果如果if條件句中有條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，時(shí)，可省略可省略

16、if，把，把were，had，should放在主語前。放在主語前。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。如：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。如： Were it necessary (= If it were necessary), I might resign 如果需要的話，我可以辭職。如果需要的話，我可以辭職。 Had you informed me earlier (= If you had informed me earlier), I wouldnt have signed the contract. 要是你早點(diǎn)告訴我的話，我是不會簽?zāi)且悄阍琰c(diǎn)告訴我的話，我是不會簽?zāi)欠莺贤?。份合同的?三、含蓄條

17、件句三、含蓄條件句 有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，這種句子中也用虛擬語氣。含蓄條件句的這種句子中也用虛擬語氣。含蓄條件句的“暗含暗含”之意一般用三種方法來表達(dá)：之意一般用三種方法來表達(dá)： 1. 條件暗含在短語中。條件暗含在短語中。如：如： Without air, there would be no living things. 沒有空氣，就沒有生命。沒有空氣，就沒有生命。 （條件暗含在介詞短語（條件暗含在介詞短語Without air中）中） But for your hel

18、p, I couldnt have made so much progress. 要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的進(jìn)步。的進(jìn)步。 （條件暗含在介詞短語（條件暗含在介詞短語But for your help中）中） This same thing, happening in wartime, would result in disaster. 同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會釀同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會釀成大禍。成大禍。 （條件暗含在分詞短語（條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中）中） 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。條件暗含在上下文中。

19、如：如： You might stay here forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。 （可能暗含（可能暗含if you wanted to） They would have succeeded. 他們本來是會成功的。他們本來是會成功的。 （可能暗含（可能暗含if they had kept trying） 3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如： I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。這是我做夢也不會想到的。 四、省去主句的非真實(shí)條

20、件句四、省去主句的非真實(shí)條件句 非真實(shí)條件句如果省去主句，通常表非真實(shí)條件句如果省去主句，通常表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 這種條件句常用這種條件句常用if only來引導(dǎo)。如：來引導(dǎo)。如： If only I had known where to find you just now. 剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。1. If he had not lost his money, he _ the piano last week. A. would buy B. had bought C. bought D. could have bou

21、ght2. If we were to be 200 years old, we _ everything. A. will change B. can change C. could change D. changed3. If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt seen D. hadnt seen4. You are late. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A. c

22、ame, would meet B. had come, would have met C. came, would have met D. were to come, would meet5. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A. should have B. have had C. would have D. should have had 6. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I7. Wi

23、thout the computer, the problem _ in such a short time. A. couldnt be solved B. wouldnt have solved C. couldnt have been solved 8. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. will be B. were to be C. would be D. is 9. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ you are not the most impo