712句子成分和基本句型的講解ppt課件

1、什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位句子的第能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位句子的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫(xiě)，結(jié)尾要有？一個(gè)字母必須大寫(xiě)，結(jié)尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：主語(yǔ)分有七種：主語(yǔ)subject）、謂語(yǔ)）、謂語(yǔ)predicate）、）、

2、表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)predicative）、賓語(yǔ)）、賓語(yǔ)object）、定語(yǔ)）、定語(yǔ)attribute）、狀語(yǔ)）、狀語(yǔ)(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)complement）。）。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(Subject)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，常位于句首。主體，常位于句首。 但在但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)不

3、是結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)不是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。主語(yǔ)可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。主語(yǔ)可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示。表示。1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smok

4、ing does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式） 句子成分練習(xí)題句子成分練習(xí)題( 一一 ) (一一). 指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞4分，分， 4分分鐘）鐘）

5、The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (Predicate) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)

6、，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 1. Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework 2. What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is

7、3. We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor 4. He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music 5. Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(Predicative) 用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞如它一般位于系動(dòng)詞如be, become, get, look, gro

8、w, turn, seem等之后。等之后。 表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如： 1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）（

9、數(shù)詞）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）（副詞）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句） 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried abo

10、ut Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. 在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be(am,is,are,were,was) 形狀：形狀：seem, appear, prove - 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 變化：變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow 繼續(xù)：繼續(xù)：

11、remain, stay, keep, I. 常用作連系動(dòng)詞：常用作連系動(dòng)詞： 變成變成,變得：變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口訣：好是口訣：好是come，壞是，壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢天氣、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金錢(qián)緩緩流水、金錢(qián)緩緩run; 顏色、天氣大不同顏色、天氣大不同turn；Get become口語(yǔ)化，如果要說(shuō)就用它口語(yǔ)化，如果要說(shuō)就用它. 口訣解讀：口訣解讀： Come 一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。 如：如：Dreams come true. 夢(mèng)想成真。夢(mèng)想成真。 Go

12、一般表示事物由好變壞，結(jié)果是不好的。一般表示事物由好變壞，結(jié)果是不好的。 如：如：Its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太熱了，菜都餿了。今天太熱了，菜都餿了。 Grow 表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程，表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。 如：我想和你一起慢慢變老。如：我想和你一起慢慢變老。 I want to grow old with you. Run 與與grow 是對(duì)應(yīng)的，其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)，能是對(duì)應(yīng)的，其主語(yǔ)多為能

13、流動(dòng)，能消耗的東西。消耗的東西。 如：如：Still water runs deep. 靜水深流。靜水深流。 Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。與之前大不相同。 如：如：The weather suddenly turned hot. 天氣突然變熱了。天氣突然變熱了。4. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(Object)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1雙賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Lend me your dictionary.（

14、2復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）賓補(bǔ)）They elected him their monitor. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Object表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）4.They helped the

15、 old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I thinkthathe is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi)：（1雙賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, h

16、and, read, tell, bring, throw等，等，“七給七給一一“帶帶to不少不少 例如：例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.（2復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：賓補(bǔ)），例如： They elected him their monitor. 下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓

17、語(yǔ) ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如：等，如： He refused to lend me his bike. 下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ) admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, min

18、d, practise, suggest等，如：等，如： John has admitted breaking the window . (三) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to g

19、o swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)（ Please tell u

20、s a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。等。 forget to do表示表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forget

21、doing表示表示“已完成的動(dòng)作已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：。如： Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái)還沒(méi)來(lái)) I forgot returning the book to him. (書(shū)已還給他了書(shū)已還給他了) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Object Complement），），用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see

22、，have，order，make等。等。“賓補(bǔ)一般可由名詞、賓補(bǔ)一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good

23、order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 在英語(yǔ)中，有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，在英語(yǔ)中，有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么，怎么樣的作用思它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么，怎么樣的作用 它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，現(xiàn)它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)在分詞和過(guò)

24、去分詞充當(dāng) If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called. 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He ask

25、ed her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成主補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成主補(bǔ). I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen p

26、laying near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。 定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示： 1.Guilin is

27、a beautiful city.（形容詞）（形容詞） 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）（名詞） 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）（代詞）5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）6.The teachin

28、g plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句) (五) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ) They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am a

29、fraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)(adverbial modifier) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?。可由以下形式表示 ： 1.Light travels most quickly. 2.He has li

30、ved in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（名詞）（狀語(yǔ)從句）9種狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt

31、 go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)） She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harde

32、r. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old. 9.I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目的狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)） （九同位語(yǔ)（九同位語(yǔ)Appositive對(duì)前對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十插入語(yǔ)（十插入語(yǔ)Parenthesis對(duì)一對(duì)

33、一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank, I dont quite agree with you. (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too

34、 fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.練習(xí)練習(xí)一一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the scho

35、ol bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces i

36、n . 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.

37、PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the ro

38、om. 20. The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分 11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?1

39、5. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分為三種按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分為三種:簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (simple sentence) 并列句

40、并列句 (compound sentence)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)(一一).簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句: 只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)) 和和 一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.簡(jiǎn)單句的簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型五種基本句型種類(lèi)種類(lèi)類(lèi)型類(lèi)型主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)S謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞v表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)/賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)p賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)0賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)oc第第1種種S+VWe

41、work第第種種He playsviolin.第第種種We arestudens第第種種S+v+IO+DO shegave me a pen.第第種種S+V+O+OC He made melaughI am a webaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。Internet dating hurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。網(wǎng)戀有害。I like chatting online.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。Chatting on the internet brings me a lot o

42、f fun.網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)?；揪湫突揪湫?一：一： （主系表）（主系表） 是系動(dòng)詞）是系動(dòng)詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. The trou

43、bleis that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X(qián)。麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X(qián)。7. Our well has gone dry. 我們井干枯了。我們井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。他的臉紅了。系動(dòng)詞包括系動(dòng)詞包括Be動(dòng)詞以及一些表示感官動(dòng)詞以及一些表示感官的動(dòng)詞。高考經(jīng)?？疾榈南祫?dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞。高考經(jīng)?？疾榈南祫?dòng)詞: . “變得變得” _, _, _, _, _. . “看起來(lái)看起來(lái)_,_,_ “聞起來(lái)聞起來(lái)” _ “嘗起來(lái)嘗起來(lái)” _ “摸起來(lái)摸起來(lái)” _ “聽(tīng)起來(lái)聽(tīng)起來(lái)_ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) (S+V+P)

44、 get becometurn go growlook seem appearsmelltastefeelsound系動(dòng)詞的用法系動(dòng)詞的用法: (注意三點(diǎn)注意三點(diǎn)) +_作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ); 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 無(wú)無(wú) _; 無(wú)無(wú) _; e.g. The dish _. (嘗起來(lái)好吃嘗起來(lái)好吃) The story _. (聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣).adj. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tastes delicioussounds interesting 所有的系動(dòng)詞都可接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，此處略舉數(shù)例。 Our future will be beautiful. She looks unhappy today. D

45、o you feel cold？ You seem/appear ill. The food tastes delicious. The weather is turning/ growing/ becoming/ getting cold. He often went hungry. page43A. to see B. to be seen C.seeing D. seen A. to see B. to be seen C.seeing D. seen 3. 對(duì)對(duì) appear 的考查的考查 appear 的含義是的含義是“似乎，好似，看來(lái)如關(guān)于似乎，好似，看來(lái)如關(guān)于某人的性格、感情或意

46、圖）某人的性格、感情或意圖）”，此時(shí)不用進(jìn)行式，此時(shí)不用進(jìn)行式，后接形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。后接形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。 She appeared rather upset about something. 看來(lái)有些什么事使她心煩?？磥?lái)有些什么事使她心煩。 Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. （上海（上海 2019 ） A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 分析：句意是分析：句意是“一定要把一切真相告訴你媽

47、媽。她一定要把一切真相告訴你媽媽。她看上去已經(jīng)知道一切事情?？瓷先ヒ呀?jīng)知道一切事情?！本渲芯渲?tell tell 后面沒(méi)有后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式，又因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式，又因?yàn)椤爸酪磺兄酪磺邪l(fā)生在發(fā)生在“告訴真相之前，要用完成式。所以正確告訴真相之前，要用完成式。所以正確答案是答案是 D D 。 4. 對(duì) feel 的考查 feel 的意思是“感覺(jué)是，似乎”，后常接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。 I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea

48、. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes 基本句型 二： （主謂）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。 （不及物動(dòng)詞）（不及物動(dòng)詞） The sun was shining. 2. The universe remains. 宇宙長(zhǎng)存。宇宙長(zhǎng)存。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink.4. Who cares? 管它呢？管它呢？ 5. What he said does not matter. 6. The pen writes smoothly2

49、. _ Everybody works. She left. 高考經(jīng)?？疾榈牟患拔飫?dòng)詞高考經(jīng)?？疾榈牟患拔飫?dòng)詞: “發(fā)生發(fā)生” _; _; _ ; _ _ “用完用完,用光用光_;_. 不及物動(dòng)詞的用法不及物動(dòng)詞的用法: 無(wú)無(wú) _, 無(wú)無(wú)_ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (S + V)happen occurtake place come aboutbreak outrun out give out 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)e.g. .“過(guò)去的幾年里我們學(xué)校發(fā)過(guò)去的幾年里我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大的變化生了很大的變化” Our school has taken place great changes in

50、the last few years. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)) _ _. . Do you know what was happened yesterday? ()Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years.主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the

51、first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 1 1會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 2 2在過(guò)去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化在過(guò)去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化. .3 319191919年，在北京爆發(fā)了年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五五. .四運(yùn)動(dòng)。四運(yùn)動(dòng)。4 4每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。每天

52、八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。 2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. The May Fourth Movement broke out in in 1919. 5. Classes begin at eight every day. 鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 5 5這個(gè)重五公斤。這個(gè)重五公斤。 6 6秋天有些鳥(niǎo)飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥(niǎo)飛到南方去。 7. 7. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。 This

53、box weighs five kilos. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.基本句型基本句型 三：三： （主謂賓）（主謂賓）構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是代詞賓格代詞賓格，如：，如：me，him，them等等 及物動(dòng)詞）及物動(dòng)詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案？誰(shuí)知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。她微笑表示感謝。3. H

54、e has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。他拒絕幫他們。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書(shū)。他喜歡看書(shū)。5. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。他們吃了剩飯。6. He said Good morning. 他說(shuō)：他說(shuō)：早上好！早上好！7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。我想喝杯茶。 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。 鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?/p>

55、今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。 I wrote a letter last night. I want to talk with you this afternoon. He has read this book many times. They have carried out the plan successfully. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 6我

56、收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。 7Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 8我們大家都相信我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 9. 他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。 10. 我開(kāi)窗戶你在意嗎？我開(kāi)窗戶你在意嗎？ I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. Jim cannot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say. Do you mi

57、nd my opening the window? 基本句型基本句型 四：四： （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓） 及物）及物） 多指人）多指人） 多指物）多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自她給自己定了一套新衣裳。己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來(lái)他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不他對(duì)她什么

58、都不拒絕。拒絕。5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴我告訴他汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)了。他汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)了。6. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。 但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)人），則要借助于介詞人），則要借助于介詞to或或for。如：。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，

59、向著，對(duì)著某人。某人。用用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替?zhèn)戎刂竸?dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的的bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1Johnso

60、n 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 5我替你叫輛出租汽車(chē)好嗎？我