2020高考英語(yǔ)專題六-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

1、專題六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞核心考點(diǎn)-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2018全國(guó)卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.2.(2018全國(guó)卷)You dont have to run fast or for long to see(see) the benefit. 3.(2018全國(guó)卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve(

2、improve) water quality. 4.(2018全國(guó)卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.5.(2018北京卷)Ordinary soap,used(use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.核心考

3、點(diǎn)-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.(2018江蘇卷) Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,exceeding(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.7.(2018北京卷)Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.8.(2018全國(guó)卷) He was just saying:“Im king of this forest

4、,and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered,he allowed me to stay(stay) and watch. 9.(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.10.(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will ha

5、ve to have my photographs taken(take).核心考點(diǎn)-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2018全國(guó)卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.sellselling2.(2018全國(guó)卷)Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.waitwaiting3.(2018全國(guó)卷) Some of us were confiden

6、t and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.在take前加to4.(2018全國(guó)卷)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people.去掉that核心考點(diǎn)-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.(2017全國(guó)卷)When summer comes,they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!在pick前加to核心考點(diǎn)-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 非謂

7、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式核心考點(diǎn)-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected.對(duì)那些同家庭成員相隔甚遠(yuǎn)的人來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)人電腦和電話在保持聯(lián)系方面起著重要的作用。The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without being recognized.這位影星戴著太陽(yáng)鏡。因此,他可以在購(gòu)物的時(shí)候不被別人認(rèn)出來(lái)。To catc

8、h the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.為了趕上早班飛機(jī),我們提前預(yù)訂了一輛出租車并且早早起床。核心考點(diǎn)-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作若發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前,就用完成式;否則,用一般式。不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間若是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,就用主動(dòng)式,否則,用被動(dòng)式。要注意此處的完成式并不等同于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系。They worke

9、d day and night,sending supplies to the flood areas.他們夜以繼日地工作,為洪災(zāi)地區(qū)發(fā)送物資。(雖然send動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,但相對(duì)于work來(lái)說(shuō)卻是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,不是發(fā)生在它之前,因此不能用having sent)核心考點(diǎn)-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.作為交換生在香港待了一年,琳達(dá)看上去要比她的同齡人更成熟。(先在香港待過(guò)一年,然后才有看

10、起來(lái)成熟的狀態(tài))Im sorry to have kept you waiting long.對(duì)不起讓您久等了。(先等待,然后說(shuō)對(duì)不起)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(問(wèn)題被解決)在我們準(zhǔn)備好長(zhǎng)期待在月球上之前仍有許多問(wèn)題要去解決。核心考點(diǎn)-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.being done所表示的時(shí)間概念并非全是正在進(jìn)行。Being exposed to the sun for so long will do harm to our skin.暴

11、露在陽(yáng)光下很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)我們的皮膚有害。(只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是被動(dòng),并不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)3.判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ):做定語(yǔ)時(shí),被修飾的詞是其邏輯主語(yǔ);做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的主語(yǔ)是其邏輯主語(yǔ);做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是其邏輯主語(yǔ)。若是系動(dòng)詞則一定用主動(dòng)式,非謂語(yǔ)形式后面接賓語(yǔ)也多為主動(dòng)式。The teacher came in,following our monitor.老師進(jìn)來(lái)了,跟在我們班長(zhǎng)后面。核心考點(diǎn)-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)核心考點(diǎn)-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納核心考點(diǎn)-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納核心考點(diǎn)-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納After recei

12、ving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on to thank all the people who had helped in her career.獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)之后,安妮本尼迪克特接下來(lái)感謝了所有在事業(yè)上幫助過(guò)她的人。注意動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)或者形式賓語(yǔ)。Its no use arguing with him.I think it easy to have done so much in only one day.我認(rèn)為僅在一天之內(nèi)就做了這么多很容易。核

13、心考點(diǎn)-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)四 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式、伴隨情況等,其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;having done表示do的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用done,若強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前,則用having been done。When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apolog

14、etic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,wondering whether to stay or leave.當(dāng)這名職員看到一張和藹的、帶著歉意的笑紋的臉時(shí),她站在那里不動(dòng)了,不知道是該留下還是該離開。核心考點(diǎn)-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納The teachers stood there talking,surrounded by the students.老師們站在那里交談,被學(xué)生圍著。(The teachers 和talk之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,The teachers和surround之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Having been shown around the

15、lab,the visitors went to the library.被帶領(lǐng)參觀實(shí)驗(yàn)室后,參觀者去了圖書館。(be shown around “被帶領(lǐng)參觀”的動(dòng)作完成之后,才發(fā)生went這個(gè)動(dòng)作)Clearly and thoughtfully written,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.這本書寫得清晰有深度,它激發(fā)了那些想尋求屬于自己的答案的學(xué)生們的信心。(不強(qiáng)調(diào)write的動(dòng)作先完成,只是強(qiáng)調(diào)the book和write之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,也就是說(shuō)這里的write只表

16、示被動(dòng),不表示完成)核心考點(diǎn)-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))可由連詞when/while引導(dǎo)。While working,they listened to the songs.工作的時(shí)候,他們聽著歌。核心考點(diǎn)-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.做目的狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)通常用不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式一般做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)。不定式放句首做狀語(yǔ),只表示目的;做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的結(jié)果。而動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能表示目的,做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果(同時(shí)發(fā)生),有時(shí)在前面加上thus,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞-ing形

17、式是因果關(guān)系。To free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.要想把我們自己從身心緊張的狀態(tài)下解脫出來(lái),我們每個(gè)人都需要沉思以及內(nèi)心的寧?kù)o。核心考點(diǎn)-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)。因此要注意主語(yǔ)前后一致。To improve English,his father bought him many books.()(improve的邏輯主語(yǔ)為he,而不是his father)Walking in the st

18、reet,a car knocked the boy down.()(walk的邏輯主語(yǔ)為the boy,而不是a car)4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)”的形容詞后面做原因狀語(yǔ)或用于too.to do sth.,so.as to do sth.,enough.to do sth.等結(jié)構(gòu)中做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。I am happy to meet you here.我很高興在這里見到你。The boy is old enough to go to school.這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)到了上學(xué)的年齡了。核心考點(diǎn)-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.獨(dú)立成分做狀語(yǔ),其形式不受前后文的影響。如considering.(鑒

19、于/考慮到);generally speaking(一般來(lái)說(shuō));judging by/from.(從來(lái)看,依據(jù)來(lái)判斷);supposing that.(假如);providing that.(假如);owing to.(由于);speaking of.(談及);given.(考慮到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō));to be honest(老實(shí)說(shuō))等。Generally speaking,it is hot in summer in this area.一般來(lái)說(shuō),夏天這個(gè)地區(qū)很熱。核心考點(diǎn)-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做

20、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)核心考點(diǎn)-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納核心考點(diǎn)-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納核心考點(diǎn)-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納注意find,leave(使處于某種狀態(tài)),keep(使保持某種狀態(tài))后一般跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),而不跟動(dòng)詞不定式。What you said left me thinking.你所說(shuō)的令我思考。核心考點(diǎn)-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)六 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)1.不定式做定語(yǔ)不定式做定語(yǔ)可表示該動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;被修飾的詞為ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名詞時(shí),一般用不定式做

21、定語(yǔ);不定式常用于不定代詞或被the first/next/only/last等修飾的名詞后做定語(yǔ);如果做定語(yǔ)的不定式與被修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,在不及物動(dòng)詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年要竣工的飛機(jī)場(chǎng)將有助于促進(jìn)這個(gè)地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。He has a chance and has become the first to go abroad in our town.他擁有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)而且已經(jīng)成為我們鎮(zhèn)上第一個(gè)出國(guó)的人。He wanted t

22、o find a house to live in.他想找個(gè)房子住。核心考點(diǎn)-26-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語(yǔ)當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;當(dāng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)用being done的形式;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成時(shí)要用having been done的形式,having been done不做定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語(yǔ)一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,否則就用定語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語(yǔ)表示被修飾詞的用途時(shí),與被修飾詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。核心考點(diǎn)-27-

23、高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.與以前相比,如今天空中有更多的飛機(jī)來(lái)運(yùn)送更多的乘客。The houses being built are for the students.正在蓋的這些房子是給學(xué)生的。A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.安眠藥會(huì)幫助你很快入睡。3.動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式做定語(yǔ)與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作已完成。及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式做定語(yǔ)

24、表示被動(dòng)和完成,少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式做定語(yǔ)只表示完成,不表被動(dòng)。The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.這位退休工人正在掃路上的落葉。核心考點(diǎn)-28-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)七 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)特殊短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),它只有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)(名詞或代詞充當(dāng))和謂語(yǔ)(一般用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)),而沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法意義上的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),主要用于書面語(yǔ)中,在口語(yǔ)中不常用,在句子中起狀語(yǔ)作用,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、伴隨情況等,用于修飾整個(gè)句子?！皐i

25、th+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的一種形式。核心考點(diǎn)-29-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.大部分時(shí)間都坐在辦公桌前,辦公室員工普遍受到健康問(wèn)題的困擾。The trees there are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 meters.那里的樹非常高,有些高達(dá)90多米。With nothing to do,they went out for a walk.由于無(wú)事可做,他們出去

26、散步。核心考點(diǎn)-30-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)八考點(diǎn)八 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義1.在“be+表示特征、性質(zhì)的形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用的形容詞有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong等。這類形容詞

27、往往說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種特性或情緒的原因。要注意不定式中動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)式,且是及物動(dòng)詞或是“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的形式。He is easy to get along with.他很容易相處。核心考點(diǎn)-31-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用時(shí)。I dont know what to do.我不知做什么。3.某些動(dòng)詞(如blame/seek/let)的不定式與be動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。He is to blame for the accident.他應(yīng)為此次事故負(fù)責(zé)任。隨堂鞏固-32-.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Dressed(dress) in a white uniform,he looks more like a

28、cook than a doctor.2.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going(go) on. 3.Tom sounds very much interested(interest) in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.4.He hurried to the station only to find(find) that the train had left. 5.The repairs cost a lot,but its money well spent(sp

29、end). 隨堂鞏固-33-6.Finding(find) the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.7.Having eaten(eat) at the cafeteria before,Tina didnt want to eat there again. 8.Tony lent me the money,hoping(hope) that Id do as much for him.9.When asked(ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip

30、said he found it interesting and rewarding.10.Do you wake up every morning feeling(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?隨堂鞏固-34-.單句改錯(cuò)1.Modern people know more about health,have better food,and to live in clearer surroundings.去掉to2.I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the su

31、mmer holidays.havehaving3.I look forward to hear from you soon.hearhearing隨堂鞏固-35-4.I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.watchwatching5.My parents love me of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.make前加to隨堂鞏固-36-.語(yǔ)篇填空Parents are examples of children and children are the apple of parents.In a family that attaches importance to education,parents are their kids guiding stars.Prevention is better than cure.Parents must learn 1.to lead (lead) by example,but leading by example does