人教必修四英語語法學(xué)案

1、動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語1. 動詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成: 是在動詞末尾加-ing 形式構(gòu)成, 因此又叫動詞的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式: not+ -ing 構(gòu)成2. 動詞-ing形式不能單獨作謂語, 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但可以有自己的賓語和狀語, 還有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。3. 動詞-ing形式由動詞加-ing變化而成, 它同時具有名詞和動詞的特征, 在句中可以作主語、賓語等。一、動詞-ing形式作主語 1. 表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài), 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如： Walking is a good form

2、of exercise for both young and old. 無論對年輕人和老年人來講, 走路是一種很好的鍛煉。Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在電視上看新聞已經(jīng)成了我的一種日常習(xí)慣。Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火車去杭州要16個小時。Asking a womans age is impolite in our country. 在我們國家問一個女人的年齡是不禮貌的。 2. -ing形式作主語時常后置, 此時須用 it作形式主語, 用形容詞或名詞作

3、表語。常見的名詞或名詞短語有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time等; 形容詞有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如: Its no use making an excuse for this. 為這件事找借口是沒有用的。談?wù)撨@樣無用的事情簡直是浪費時間。Its a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 有風(fēng)的天氣在海里游泳是危險的。 Its dangerous swimming in th

4、e sea on windy days.這個問題值得討論。 It is worthwhile discussing the question.動名詞與不定式做主語時的比較：動名詞表示的動作通常是一個泛指的動作, 不定式則通常表示具體的,將來的動作。如：還是個孩子的時侯, 她就覺得探視病人是一種責(zé)任, 也是一種愉悅。As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure到美國人家里做客對我來說將是一個極好的經(jīng)歷。Being a guest in an American home will be a good

5、 experience for me.n 一直不做就是作惡。Doing nothing is doing illn 他說: “繼續(xù)這樣下去是無用的?！盚e said, “To go on like this is no use.”n 我很榮幸被邀請參加這個晚會。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party歸納: 常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：n It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪費時間的n It is/was no good/use doing 做是沒用處的n It is/was hardly/scarcely

6、worth doing 做不值得n It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的n There is no doing 無法; 不允許There is no sense in doing 做沒有道理There is/was no use doing 干無意義 There is/was nothing worse than doing 沒有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 干無意義我們不知道要去哪兒。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做這件傻事毫無意義。 There is no poin

7、t doing such a silly thing.注意: There is no need to do sth 干沒必要, 在此句式中to do不可換為doing.沒有必要告訴她。 There is no need to tell her. 提示: 當(dāng)動名詞用作主語時, 其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。我姐姐病了, 使我很擔(dān)心。 My sisters being ill made me worried.你正確未必就意味著我錯了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong. 二、動名詞用作賓語 動名詞作賓語有

8、兩種情況。1. 只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞, 常見的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。如： 我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考慮過找一位摯友? Have you considered looking for one special friend?晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎? Do you feel like having a walk with me

9、after supper? 人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€愚蠢的人。 People couldnt help laughing at that foolish man 這類動詞還有: excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward to, feel like等。2. 既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞, 常見的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。A. 在like, love, hate, prefer等動

10、詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同, 只是側(cè)重點有些不同, 動名詞表示泛指的動作, 不定式表示具體的一次性動作。B. 在begin/start, continue之后, 用動名詞和不定式, 意義無甚區(qū)別, 尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時候。 C. 在動詞forget, remember, regret之后, 用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞-做過,不定式-未做, 如：我記得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter我會記著去寄信的。 Ill remember to post the letter我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。 I shall never fo

11、rget seeing the famous writer不要忘了給你母親寫信。 Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。 I regret missing the report我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。 I regret to say I cant take your adviceD. 在try, mean之后, 意義各不相同, 如try to do (設(shè)法), try doing (試試) , mean to do (打算做), mean doing (意味著)。如: 我們必須設(shè)法及時把一切搞好。 We must try to

12、 get everything done in time我們用別的方法做這工作試試。Lets try doing the working in some other way我并不想叫你生氣。 I didnt mean to make you angry你的計劃意味著要花費幾個小時。 Your plan would mean spending hoursE. go on doing 和go on to dogo on doing 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事; go on to do 接著做另一件事。如：請接著做這同一個練習(xí)。Please go on doing the same exercise請做另外

13、一個練習(xí)。Please go on to do the other exerciseF. stop doing與stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:我們停止了交談。 We stopped talking我們停了下來去談話。 We stopped to talkü go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事ü go on to do 接著做另一件事 Ø mean doing 意味著要做某事Ø mean to do 想要做某事 l stop doing 停止做某事l stop to do 停下

14、來(別的事)開始做某事² try doing 試著做某事² try to do 努力做某事u be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事 u be used to do 被用來做某事n can't help doing 禁不住做某事n can't help to do 不能幫助做某事3. 作介詞賓語動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。A. 介詞+動名詞, 如：我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 我向你道歉, 剛才對你那樣生氣。I apologize for

15、being so angry with you.離開幾年之后再回到你的家鄉(xiāng), 感覺有點怪。After being away for several years, it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.B. 動詞+介詞+動名詞, 如：我堅持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容, 相反都做了怪臉。Instead of smiling, each of them made a face她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。She wa

16、s very interested in working for our company下列短語中的to都是介詞, 所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。 【課后練習(xí)】Complete these sentences:1. If you can keep _(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _(co