2015屆中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)：《非謂語動詞》課件（共12張PPT）

1、語法專項-非謂語動詞 一、動詞不定式（一）構(gòu)成：1.肯定形式：to + v 2.否定形式：not to + v (二）句法功能： 1.主語： eg: (1) To speak English is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us _ _ English. (2) It is necessary for them to practice more. = _ _ _ is necessary for them. 不定式充當主語時，常常用it代（放到句首），而把真正的不定式放在后面。 2.表語： eg: (3)My work is to clean t

2、he room every day. =To clean the room every day is my work. (4)Your duty is to collect information. 多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語。 tospeakTopracticemore+3.賓語：+ eg: (5)He likes to play basketball.+ (6)I want to go fishing with you on weekends.+ 動詞不定式只能作某些及物動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。+ want, refuse, wish, need, choose, h

3、ope, agree, try, begin, offer,+ would like to等動詞后只能跟不定式作賓語。+4.賓補：+ eg: (7)She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English+ class.+ (8)I heard her cry in the next room just now.+ 在make, let, have, see, hear, watch等使役動詞、感官動+詞后，不定式省略to。但在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r應(yīng)加上to。+ tell, ask, want, allow, get, would, encourage后常跟不定式

4、作賓補。+5.定語：+ eg: (9)Have you anything to say?+ (10)I need a room to live in.+ +不定式作定語，位于中心詞之后；若作定語的不定式為不及物動詞，且與中心詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，要在該動詞后加上適當?shù)慕樵~（如例10）。+6.狀語：+ eg: (11)Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）+ (12)I went there to study English.（表目的）+ 不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。（三）常見的一些與不帶to的不定式連用的詞組、句型： 1. Why not + do ? 2. h

5、ad better (not) do 3. would rather do 4. Could/Would/Will you please (not) do?（四）特殊疑問詞+不定式 不定式可以和疑問代詞(who, whom, whose what, which,) 、疑問副詞(when, where, how, why)連用構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。+ eg: (13)Please tell me what to do next.+ (14)I didnt know where to go.二、動名詞（一）構(gòu)成：v+-ing (二）句法功能： 1.主語： eg: (15)

6、 Feeding animals is my job. =My job is feeding animals. (16) Eating too much is bad for your health. 2.賓語： （1）動詞的賓語：（17）He likes dancing/singing. (2) 介詞的賓語： (18) Cookers are used for cooking. (19) Jim is good at painting. 常見的帶動名詞作賓語的動詞：finish, enjoy, mind, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem, s

7、pend, feel like, have a hard time, be used to, cant stand/help + 3.表語： eg: (20)His hobby is collecting stamps. + =Collecting stamps is his hobby.+ 多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語。+4.定語：+ eg: (21)She is in the reading room.+ (22)We should improve our teaching methods.+ 動名詞作定語只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。三、分詞（一）構(gòu)成：1.現(xiàn)在分詞：v

8、+-ing 2.過去分詞：v+-ed (二）句法功能： 1.定語： eg: (23)Do you know the girl standing under the tree? (24)Please hand in your written exercises. 分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞。+2.狀語：+ eg: (25)The students went out of the classroom,+ talking and laughing.+ 分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。+3.表語：+ eg: (26)The boy is too frightened to move.+ 現(xiàn)在

9、分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。+4.補足語：+ eg: (27)Dont keep us waiting for a long time.+ (28)I heard her singing in the classroom.+ (29)Hell have his hair cut after school.+ 現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語 + （即主動關(guān)系）；+ 過去分詞作補足語，被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語+ （即被動關(guān)系）。（三）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別 1.在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。 eg: the surprising n

10、ews 令人驚訝的電影 a surprised man 一個受驚嚇的人 a moving film 一場感人的電影 the moved people 被感動的人們 2.在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行，過去分詞表示動作 已經(jīng)結(jié)束。 eg: the developing country 發(fā)展中國家 the developed country 發(fā)達國家 the rising sun 正在升起的太陽 the risen sun 升起來的太陽（四）have sb. do sth./have sb. doing sth./have sth. done 1. have sb. do sth.“讓某人做某

11、事”have可用let, make代替. 不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或 尚未發(fā)生。+ eg: (30)The soldiers had the boy stand with his back+ to his father.+ 士兵們讓這個男孩背對著他的父親站著。+2.have sb. doing sth.“讓某人/某物做某事”，可用keep代+ 替，現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)表示的這個動作往往具有持續(xù)、進行的+ 意思。+ eg: (31)The two men had their lights burning all night+ long.+ 那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。+3.

12、have sth. done “讓某人做某事”，即 ask sb. else to do+ sth. 過去分詞(done)表示的這個動作由他人（即非主語本身）+ 來完成，含有被動意義且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。+ eg: (32)The driver had his car washed once a week.+ 那位司機每周叫人洗一次車。+ (33)I had my bike repaired yesterday.+ 昨天我叫人把自行車修了。 四、某些動詞或詞組后接動名詞或不定式的區(qū)別 stop to do sth.停下來去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 eg: (34)Stop

13、 talking, please. (35)Stop to think about it for a moment. remember/forget to do sth.記住/忘了要做某事 remember/forget doing sth.記得/忘了做過某事 eg: (36)I remember posting your letter. (37)Please remember to post my letter. (38)I forgot to bring my homework. (39)I forgot bringing my homework. try to do sth.努力去做某事

14、 try doing sth.試著去做某事 eg: (40)He tried speaking English to us. (41)Please try to do better next time.+ go on to do sth. 做完一件事，接著去做另一件事+ go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)不停地做某事+ eg: (42)Go on to do the other exercise after you finish+ this one.+ (43)Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.+ allow doing sth. 允許

15、做某事+ allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事 + eg: (44)We dont allow smoking here.+ (45)We dont allow students to go out on weekdays. Exercises 1.If you feel tired, you may stop _. A. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest 2.Were in class. Youd better not _. A. talk B. talking C. talked D. to talkBA 3.We are going for a picnic tomorrow. Ill call Wendy to make sure _. A. why to start B. when to start C. what to start D. which to start 4.Some children are arguing what TV programs_. A. watching B. for watching C. to watch D. will watch 5.I often see my teache