大學英語四級考試輔導語法(最新)課件

1、 大學英語專題輔導大學英語專題輔導專題一：重點語法部分專題一：重點語法部分1第一章第一章 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式，用虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表示一種假設、意愿、建議、請求來表示一種假設、意愿、建議、請求等不可能成為事實的情況。等不可能成為事實的情況。 1 1虛擬語氣用于非真實條件句虛擬語氣用于非真實條件句 非真實條件句，往往表示一種不非真實條件句，往往表示一種不真實的假設。一般地，非真實條件句真實的假設。一般地，非真實條件句由連接詞由連接詞IfIf引導，但也可以省略，還引導，但也可以省略，還有其它一些形式的非真實條件句。有其它一些形式的非真實條件句。 211謂

2、語動詞的各種形式謂語動詞的各種形式 在在If引導的非真實條件句中，引導的非真實條件句中，謂語動詞具有以下特殊形式：謂語動詞具有以下特殊形式：3與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 從從 句句 did,were, V-ed事實相反事實相反 主主 句句 would(should,could,might)+v.與過去與過去 從從 句句 had+V-ed/been 事實相反事實相反 主主 句句 would(should,could, might) + have+v-ed對未來的對未來的 從從 句句 were to/should+ v 虛擬推測虛擬推測 主主 句句 would(should,could,might)+v. 41

3、.1.1.和現(xiàn)在事實相反的非真實條件句和現(xiàn)在事實相反的非真實條件句 這類非真實條件句表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反這類非真實條件句表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況。比如：的情況。比如： -I would/should certainly go if I had the time. 如果我有時間，我一定會去的。如果我有時間，我一定會去的。-If I were your father, I would criticize you more severely. 如果我是你父親，我會更嚴厲地批評你。如果我是你父親，我會更嚴厲地批評你。 5-How nice it would be if you could stay a

4、bit longer！ 如果你能久留些日子，那多好啊！如果你能久留些日子，那多好?。?-If I knew his address ,I would be able to write to him . 如果我知道他的地址，我就能給他寫信了。如果我知道他的地址，我就能給他寫信了。-If he were here ,he might be able to help. 如果他在這里，他或許會幫忙的。如果他在這里，他或許會幫忙的。61.1.2.和過去事實相反的非真實和過去事實相反的非真實條件句條件句 這類非真實條件句表示過去未這類非真實條件句表示過去未發(fā)生的事情，和過去事實相反。發(fā)生的事情，和過去事實

5、相反。比如：比如： 7-If I had left a little earlier ,I would have caught the train. 如如果我早一點離開的話，我就會趕上果我早一點離開的話，我就會趕上火車了?；疖嚵?。-The mans life might have been saved if he had been sent to a better hospital.如果把那個人送到一家更好的醫(yī)院如果把那個人送到一家更好的醫(yī)院的話，他也許回被救活的的話，他也許回被救活的 8-I could have done better if I had been more careful.

6、 我要是更細心一些的話，會做得更好我要是更細心一些的話，會做得更好的。的。 You wouldnt have caught cold if you had put on more clothes. 你如果多穿些衣服，就不會著涼了。你如果多穿些衣服，就不會著涼了。91.1.3.對未來事情的虛擬推測對未來事情的虛擬推測 這類非真實條件句表示對未來這類非真實條件句表示對未來事情的虛擬推測。事情的虛擬推測。-If I were to/should do it ,I would do it in a different way.10 這類非真實條件句表示對未來事情的虛擬推測。這類非真實條件句表示對未來事

7、情的虛擬推測。-If I were to/should do it ,I would do it in a different way. 如果我去做這事的話，我會用不同方式去做的。如果我去做這事的話，我會用不同方式去做的。-If this were to happen again , we wouldnt let you off so easily. 如果這樣的事情再次發(fā)生，如果這樣的事情再次發(fā)生，我們不會如此輕易的放過你的。我們不會如此輕易的放過你的。-If they should dare to invade our country , we would wipe them out com

8、pletely. 如果他們膽敢侵略我們國家，我們會將他們?nèi)咳绻麄兡懜仪致晕覀儑?，我們會將他們?nèi)肯麥绲簟Ｏ麥绲簟?111.1.4.省略省略If的非真實條件句的非真實條件句 虛擬條件句中的連接詞虛擬條件句中的連接詞if省略時，要把省略時，要把were, had, should移到從句的主語之前。移到從句的主語之前。比如比如:-Were I rich (=if I were rich), I would give you some money.如果我富有的話，我如果我富有的話，我會給你一些錢的。會給你一些錢的。12-Had I had more time (=If I had had mor

9、e time), I would have finished my homework. 如果我有更多些時間，我一定已經(jīng)完成家如果我有更多些時間，我一定已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了。庭作業(yè)了。-Should he come early (=If he should come early), tell him to wait for his wife. 如果他來得早，告訴他等候他的妻子。如果他來得早，告訴他等候他的妻子。 131.1.5.錯綜時間非真實條件句錯綜時間非真實條件句 主句表示的動作和從句表示的動作所發(fā)生主句表示的動作和從句表示的動作所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時間不一致時，動詞的

10、形式要根據(jù)表示的時間進行調(diào)整的時間進行調(diào)整 ，如果從句表示過去，而，如果從句表示過去，而主句表示現(xiàn)在，或者從句表示現(xiàn)在，而主主句表示現(xiàn)在，或者從句表示現(xiàn)在，而主句表示過去，可以使用混合虛擬形式句表示過去，可以使用混合虛擬形式. -If she had taken the doctors advice, she wouldnt be in hospital now. 如果她聽從醫(yī)生建議的話，現(xiàn)在也如果她聽從醫(yī)生建議的話，現(xiàn)在也就就 不會住院了。不會住院了。14如果湯姆通過了大學考試，他現(xiàn)在就在這如果湯姆通過了大學考試，他現(xiàn)在就在這所大學里學習了。所大學里學習了。-If she wasnt so

11、busy now, she might have joined us in the work. 如果她現(xiàn)在不那么忙，她或許會參加我們?nèi)绻F(xiàn)在不那么忙，她或許會參加我們的工作。的工作。 -Tom would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance examination. 151.1.6.含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 英語中有些句子從形式上看不包英語中有些句子從形式上看不包含條件從句，但在意義上卻是非含條件從句，但在意義上卻是非真實條件句，這類句子稱為含蓄真實條件句，這類句子稱為含蓄條件句，這樣的句子可分為三類條件

12、句，這樣的句子可分為三類 161.省略整個條件句省略整個條件句 -Such mistakes could have been avoided. (省略了省略了if we had been more careful). 這樣的錯誤本來是能夠避免的。這樣的錯誤本來是能夠避免的。 -I should have caught the train. (省略了省略了if I had left a little earlier) 我本應該趕上火車的。我本應該趕上火車的。172.用介詞或介詞短語表示的非真實條件句用介詞或介詞短語表示的非真實條件句-But for air and water, no livin

13、g thing could exist. 沒有氧氣和水，任何生物都不能生存。沒有氧氣和水，任何生物都不能生存。-Without steel, there would be hardly any industry to talk about. 沒有鋼，幾乎任何工業(yè)都無從談起。沒有鋼，幾乎任何工業(yè)都無從談起。-I would have done the same in that position. 我要是處于那個位置，也會那樣做的我要是處于那個位置，也會那樣做的. 18 3.通過上下文來表示非真實條件句通過上下文來表示非真實條件句-I was ill that day, otherwise I w

14、ould have come to see you. 那天我生病了，否則我就來看你了那天我生病了，否則我就來看你了。-You cannot do that. It would ruin your life. 你不能那樣做，那會毀了你的一生。你不能那樣做，那會毀了你的一生。-Tom just gives up everything for her. Herry wouldnt be that silly. 湯姆為她放棄一切，亨利才不會那么傻湯姆為她放棄一切，亨利才不會那么傻呢。呢。19 1.2.虛擬語氣用于賓語從句虛擬語氣用于賓語從句 1.2.1.句型句型“wish that” 在在wish后的

15、后的that賓語從句中：賓語從句中：1.如果表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望，從句謂語要使用過去如果表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望，從句謂語要使用過去時時: （1）從句謂語動詞如果是）從句謂語動詞如果是be，則用則用were形式。形式。 （2）從句謂語動詞如果是行為動詞，則用過去）從句謂語動詞如果是行為動詞，則用過去時形式。時形式。-I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只鳥兒。但愿我是只鳥兒。-I wish you didnt talk like that. 但愿你沒有那樣說。但愿你沒有那樣說。20 2.如果表示對將來的愿望，從句謂語動詞如果表示對將來的愿望，從句謂語動詞用用 “would (could,

16、might )+動詞原形動詞原形” 的形式。的形式。 -I wish you would do the favor for me. 但愿你會幫我這個忙。但愿你會幫我這個忙。 -I wish I could speak several languages. 但愿我會說好幾種語言。但愿我會說好幾種語言。213.如果表示對過去沒有實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的如果表示對過去沒有實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時形式愿望，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時形式“had+done/been ”形式。形式。-I wish you hadnt made so many spelling mistakes in th

17、e last exam. 但愿上次考試你沒出那么多拼寫錯誤。但愿上次考試你沒出那么多拼寫錯誤。-I wish that I had listened to your advice. 多希望我那時聽了你的話。多希望我那時聽了你的話。221.2.2. 句型句型“主語主語+引起虛擬的引起虛擬的動詞動詞+含虛擬語氣的賓語從句含虛擬語氣的賓語從句” 1.1.英語中有很多表示愿望、請求、命令、英語中有很多表示愿望、請求、命令、建議等意義的動詞，當它們作為謂語引建議等意義的動詞，當它們作為謂語引導 賓 語 從 句 時導 賓 語 從 句 時 , , 從 句 謂 語 必 須 用從 句 謂 語 必 須 用“( (

18、should)+should)+動詞原形動詞原形”的形式的形式. .常用的常用的這類動詞有：這類動詞有：23demand,insist,suggest,command, request,order,propose,desire,require, urge,maintain,deserve,recommend, intend,move,ask,prefer,advise,decide等等等等。-The teacher insisted that all the students (should) be on time. 老師要求學生們準時到校。老師要求學生們準時到校。-He suggested

19、that the regulations (should) be revised. 他建議修改規(guī)則。他建議修改規(guī)則。24The lawyer asked that the case (should ) be postponed for one month. 律師要求案子往后推遲一個月。律師要求案子往后推遲一個月。但是，請注意但是，請注意： 1. 在書面語中，在書面語中，should 常?？梢允÷?，在常?？梢允÷?，在TOEFL考試中，考試中，should必須省略。必須省略。252.2.在動詞在動詞expect, believe, think, suspectexpect, believe, th

20、ink, suspect等等的否定形式或疑問形式后，其賓語從句的謂語的否定形式或疑問形式后，其賓語從句的謂語可用虛擬語氣，其形式為可用虛擬語氣，其形式為“should +should +動詞原形動詞原形或完成時用來表示驚訝、困惑、懷疑、不滿等或完成時用來表示驚訝、困惑、懷疑、不滿等情緒。比如：情緒。比如： -I never expected that the problem should be so complicated. 我從未想到問題會如此復雜我從未想到問題會如此復雜。-They just couldnt believe that the new stadium should be so

21、 big. 他們簡直不能相信新的體育館會如此大。他們簡直不能相信新的體育館會如此大。-I dont think he should have done the favor for you. 我覺得他是不會幫你忙的。我覺得他是不會幫你忙的。 26 1.3. 虛擬語氣用于主語從句虛擬語氣用于主語從句 1.3.1. 句句 型型1.表達虛擬語氣的主語從句的一般形式為：表達虛擬語氣的主語從句的一般形式為： It is/was +引起虛擬語氣的形容詞或過去分引起虛擬語氣的形容詞或過去分詞詞+含虛擬語氣的主語從句含虛擬語氣的主語從句2.這類主語從句常常用于表示要求、建議、這類主語從句常常用于表示要求、建議、

22、命令、請求、提議等，其謂語形式往往為命令、請求、提議等，其謂語形式往往為“（should）+動詞原形動詞原形”的形式。在美的形式。在美國，常省略國，常省略should，而在英國，則往往不而在英國，則往往不省略省略should。 27比如：比如：-It is necessary that the machine (should) be oiled everyday. 機器必須天天上油機器必須天天上油。-It is desired that every student (should) pass the exam. 要求每位學生都得通過考試。要求每位學生都得通過考試。281.3.2.可以引導這類虛

23、擬語氣的可以引導這類虛擬語氣的主語從句的形容詞和過去分詞主語從句的形容詞和過去分詞 1 1. .一般形容詞一般形容詞important, necessary natural, possible, essential, vital, appropriate, better, best, imperative, probable 等等。等等。 29It is important/ vital/ necessary/ essential that the environment (should) be protected.2.2.表示驚訝、厭惡、不解等意義的形容表示驚訝、厭惡、不解等意義的形容詞：用

24、來強調(diào)詞：用來強調(diào)“驚訝驚訝”的語氣。的語氣。pity, interesting, strange, odd, amazing,astonishing,surprising,annoying,ridiculous, absurd,sorry,shocked,astonished, unthinkable, incredible 等等。等等。 30-It is amazing that he (should) finish the work so soon. -It is a pity/ interesting/ strange/ odd/ surprising/ annoying/ absur

25、d/ ridiculous that a man like him (should) make such a foolish mistake. -I am sorry/shocked/astonished that he (should) feel that way. 在這里，在這里，should用于強調(diào)用于強調(diào)“驚訝驚訝”的意義。的意義。313.“特殊特殊”形容詞，這些形容詞往形容詞，這些形容詞往往與上面所列的能引起虛擬語氣的往與上面所列的能引起虛擬語氣的動詞相對應。動詞相對應。 如如：advisable, desirable, urgent, preferable 等等。等等。 -It i

26、s desirable that the classroom (should) be cleaned in an hour. 希望教室在一個小時內(nèi)打掃干凈。希望教室在一個小時內(nèi)打掃干凈。-It is advisable that another university (should) be set up. 建立另一所大學是行得通的。建立另一所大學是行得通的。32 4.4.動詞過去分詞，這些分詞也往往與上動詞過去分詞，這些分詞也往往與上面所列的能引起虛擬語氣的動詞相對應。面所列的能引起虛擬語氣的動詞相對應。比如：比如： desired,advised,decided,required, requ

27、ested,proposed,ordered, demanded,insisted,arranged,moved, suggested等等。等等。 It is recommended/ decided/ requested/ suggested that the rules (should) be protected.331.4.虛擬語氣用于狀語從句虛擬語氣用于狀語從句 1.4.1.由由as if/though 引導的表語從句和方式狀引導的表語從句和方式狀 語從句語從句 1.其謂語形式跟其謂語形式跟wish后的賓語從句中的謂語形后的賓語從句中的謂語形式一樣，有如下形式：式一樣，有如下形式： （

28、1）如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語要使）如果表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語要使用過去時，即：從句謂語動詞如果是系動詞用過去時，即：從句謂語動詞如果是系動詞be，則用則用were形式；如果是行為動詞，則用過去時形式；如果是行為動詞，則用過去時形式。形式。（2）如果表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語用過）如果表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語用過去完成時形式去完成時形式“had+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞”，也，也可用可用“could/would +動詞的完成時動詞的完成時”形式。形式。（3）如果表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語為）如果表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語為“would (could, might)+動

29、詞原形動詞原形”的形的形式式。 342.舉例舉例-He looks as if he were ill.他看上去仿佛病了。他看上去仿佛病了。 -This machine operated as though it had been repaired. 這機器運行良好，仿佛修理過一樣。這機器運行良好，仿佛修理過一樣。-They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他們交談起來似乎是多年的朋友一樣。他們交談起來似乎是多年的朋友一樣。-It seems as if it were spring already.現(xiàn)在仿佛已經(jīng)是春天了?，F(xiàn)在仿佛已經(jīng)

30、是春天了。 351.4.2.由某些連詞引導的讓步狀語從句由某些連詞引導的讓步狀語從句 以下連詞可以引導讓步狀語從句：以下連詞可以引導讓步狀語從句：lest, for fear that, whether等。等。 -He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.他隨身帶上雨衣，生怕下雨。他隨身帶上雨衣，生怕下雨。 -We hid behind some bushes for fear that passers-by should see us.我們躲在矮樹后，以防過路人看見。我們躲在矮樹后，以防過路人看見。 -All matter, whet

31、her it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms. 所有物質(zhì)，無論是氣體、所有物質(zhì)，無論是氣體、液體、還是固體，均由原子組成。液體、還是固體，均由原子組成。 36 1.4.3. 1.4.3. 由某些連詞引導的條件狀語從句由某些連詞引導的條件狀語從句 1可以引導含有虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句的可以引導含有虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句的連詞有：連詞有：in case(假使，說不定假使，說不定) unless（除除非，如果不）非，如果不）supposing（假如）假如）providing（倘若）倘若）on condition that（如果）如果） 2.這

32、類條件狀語的謂語動詞可用動詞的過去時這類條件狀語的謂語動詞可用動詞的過去時形式，也可用形式，也可用“（should）+動詞原形動詞原形”或或“may (might, could, would)+動詞原形動詞原形”的的形式。形式。 373.3.舉例舉例-I will get some beer in case John should come here. 我會弄些啤酒，以便約翰來這里。我會弄些啤酒，以便約翰來這里。-Unless he were my friend, I should not expect his help. 如果他不是我的朋友，我不會期待他的幫助。如果他不是我的朋友，我不會期待

33、他的幫助。-Supposing he never came! What would you do then? 假設他不來！你們將怎么辦呢？假設他不來！你們將怎么辦呢？-Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad. Where would you go? 假若你有機會出國，你會上哪兒去？假若你有機會出國，你會上哪兒去？381.4.4.1.4.4.由某些連詞引導的狀語從句由某些連詞引導的狀語從句 1.可以引導含有虛擬語氣的目的狀語從句的連詞可以引導含有虛擬語氣的目的狀語從句的連詞有：有：in order that ; so that 2.這種目的狀

34、語從句的謂語動詞用這種目的狀語從句的謂語動詞用 “may/might 或或can/could +動詞原形動詞原形”形式。形式。 1. 舉例舉例-She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. 她仔細聽著，以圖發(fā)現(xiàn)她真正想要的東西。她仔細聽著，以圖發(fā)現(xiàn)她真正想要的東西。-She took the front seat so that she could/might hear more clearly. 她坐在前排以便聽得更清楚些。她坐在前排以便聽得更清楚些。 391.4.5.1.4.5

35、.由某些代詞或詞組引導的讓步狀由某些代詞或詞組引導的讓步狀語從句語從句1.可以引導含有虛擬語氣的讓步狀語從句的代可以引導含有虛擬語氣的讓步狀語從句的代詞或詞組有：詞或詞組有：wh-ever 型代詞，型代詞， no matter wh-型詞組。型詞組。2 . 這 種 讓 步 狀 語 從 句 的 謂 語 動 詞 通 常 用這 種 讓 步 狀 語 從 句 的 謂 語 動 詞 通 常 用“（ may）+動詞原形動詞原形”的形式；若指過去的的形式；若指過去的動動 作，則用（作，則用（may）+ have done。40.舉例舉例-Whatever defects he may have, he is a

36、n honest man. 無論他有什么缺陷，他都是一個誠實的人。無論他有什么缺陷，他都是一個誠實的人。 -I wont let you in whoever you may be. 無論你是誰，我都不會讓你進來。無論你是誰，我都不會讓你進來。 -Come what may, well go ahead.無論發(fā)生什么情況，我們都要干下去。無論發(fā)生什么情況，我們都要干下去。-You mustnt be proud, however much you may have achieved.不管你取得了多大成就，都不應驕傲。不管你取得了多大成就，都不應驕傲。411.5.1.5.其它表示虛擬語氣的句型其

37、它表示虛擬語氣的句型 1.5.1.虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句 1. 當表語從句的主語和同位語的先行詞是能夠當表語從句的主語和同位語的先行詞是能夠引起虛擬語氣的抽象名詞時，從句必須用虛擬引起虛擬語氣的抽象名詞時，從句必須用虛擬語 氣語 氣 . 其 形 式 為 ： 從 句 的 謂 語 動 詞 用其 形 式 為 ： 從 句 的 謂 語 動 詞 用“(should)+動詞原形動詞原形”的形式。的形式。 2.能夠引起虛擬語氣的抽象名詞能夠引起虛擬語氣的抽象名詞（1）一般名詞：）一般名詞：idea, motion, plan 等等。等等。（2）與那些能夠引導虛擬語氣的

38、動詞相對應的）與那些能夠引導虛擬語氣的動詞相對應的名詞。名詞。比如：比如： advice,demand,desire,order,proposal,preference, requirement, suggestion, decision, recommendation 等等等等42-Your suggestion that he be invited was rejected. 你的關于邀請他的建議被拒絕了。你的關于邀請他的建議被拒絕了。-My suggestion is that he (should) take part in the game. 我建議讓他參加比賽。我建議讓他參加比賽。

39、-What do you think of my proposal that we (should) go to watch the game next Sunday? 我建議下周日去看比賽，你們認為如我建議下周日去看比賽，你們認為如何？何？ 431.5.2. 一些特殊句型一些特殊句型1. 句型句型“had hoped/thought +賓語從句賓語從句” 表示表示“過去未實現(xiàn)的愿望或想法過去未實現(xiàn)的愿望或想法”，有，有“本來本來希望，本來以為希望，本來以為”之意，從句謂語要之意，從句謂語要 用用“would+動詞原形動詞原形”的形式。的形式。-Mike had hoped that she

40、would answer his letter. 邁克本來以為她會回他信的。邁克本來以為她會回他信的。 442.句型句型“would rather/would sooner/would (just) as soon +從句從句” 這種句型后面常接省去這種句型后面常接省去that的從句，從句謂語的從句，從句謂語用過去時表示還不是事實，用過去完成時表示用過去時表示還不是事實，用過去完成時表示發(fā)生在過去的但沒有實現(xiàn)的事情。發(fā)生在過去的但沒有實現(xiàn)的事情。 -I would rather they came tomorrow. 我希望他們明天來。我希望他們明天來。 -I would rather the

41、y had come yesterday. 我真希望你昨天來了。（其實沒有來）我真希望你昨天來了。（其實沒有來） -I would just as soon you posted the letter right away. 我真希望你立即把這封信寄出去。我真希望你立即把這封信寄出去。45 3.句型句型“ It is (high, about) time (that) ” 這種從句謂語使用這種從句謂語使用“should動詞原型動詞原型”時，時，表示對現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬；使用動詞的過去時，表示對現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬；使用動詞的過去時，是對未來的虛擬推測；現(xiàn)在一般使用后一種形是對未來的虛擬推測；現(xiàn)在一般使用

42、后一種形式。比如式。比如： -It is time (that) we went to bed. -It is high time (that) we put an end to this controversy.464.句型句型 If only If only 表示表示“但愿但愿”、“要是要是就好了就好了”之之意，其用法和句型意，其用法和句型“I wish” 基本相同，只基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩，與是更富有感情色彩，與should連用，表示一時連用，表示一時很難實現(xiàn)的愿望很難實現(xiàn)的愿望。 -If only I could fly! 我要是會飛就好了！我要是會飛就好了！-If only I

43、 would pass the final exam! 但愿我能通過期末考試！但愿我能通過期末考試！-If only the rain would stop. 這雨要是停下來就好了。這雨要是停下來就好了。47.虛擬語氣可以用于虛擬語氣可以用于otherwise 或或or引引導的并列分句導的并列分句-I dont know his address; otherwise I would write him earlier. 我不知道他的地址，否則我早就給他寫信了。我不知道他的地址，否則我早就給他寫信了。-I didnt know his address; otherwise I would hav

44、e written him earlier.以前我不知道他的地址，否則我早就給他寫信了。以前我不知道他的地址，否則我早就給他寫信了。 48.虛擬語氣用于表示祝福、愿望、詛咒、虛擬語氣用于表示祝福、愿望、詛咒、禁止等意義。禁止等意義。 -May you be happy! 祝你幸福！祝你幸福！ -Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中華人民共和國萬歲！中華人民共和國萬歲！ -God bless you! 上帝保佑你！上帝保佑你！ -God damn you! 該死的！該死的！ -Heaven forbid! 天理不容！天理不容！ -So be it.

45、 但愿如此就這樣吧。但愿如此就這樣吧。 -Devil take him! 混蛋！混蛋！49 7. 虛擬語氣用于使語氣變得委婉和客氣虛擬語氣用于使語氣變得委婉和客氣-Would you mind opening the window for me? 你能給我打開窗子嗎？你能給我打開窗子嗎？-Id like to go with you. 我和你去。我和你去。-You might as well put the meeting off for a few days. 你們不妨把會議推遲幾天。你們不妨把會議推遲幾天。-The leadership wouldnt allow it. 領導上恐怕不會同

46、意。領導上恐怕不會同意。 50練習練習1： 1. I wish I_ you better. A. know B. knew C. will know D. have known2. I wished it _ but it did.A. occurred not B. had not occurred C. would not occur D. did not occur 3. If only I _ the answer, I would have told you. A. knew B. have known C. would know D. had known 4. If I _ to

47、morrow, what would we do?A. will not rise B. would not rise C. did not rise D. had not rise 515. _,I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 6. Unless you learnt German, there _ little point in your going to a German university. A. would be B.

48、will be C. can be D. wouldnt be 7. Its high time _ him a severe lesson for being often late. A. you give B. you gave C. youll give D. you should give528. If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we automobile tires. A. can not have B. could not have C. will not have D. are not having9. The doctor su

49、ggested that your brother his right hand . A. avoid to use B. avoid using C. has avoid using D. avoided to use10. I would be grateful if you the arrangements for me . A. make B . were to make C . made D. would make5311. If there a fire , ring the number 119 . A. is B. were C. should be D. be12.It is

50、 important that each of you _ a notebook to class with you every day. A. will bring B. must bring C. brings D. bring13. We recommend that work _ at once. A. start B. starts C. will start D. started 14. The radio is too noisy. I wish you _ down. A. will turn B. would turn C. are to turn D. can turn54

51、15. If you hadnt told me about it, I _ unaware of the facts now. A. would still have been B. m still C. would still be D. was still 16. Id just as soon _ rudely to her. A. that you wont speak B. you not speaking C. you not speak D. you didnt speak17. Ben would have studied medicine if he _ to a medi

52、cal school. A. could be able to enter B. had been admitted C. was admitted D. were admitted5518. If Bob _ with us, he would have had a good time. A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came19. We had hoped that Mary _ well again. A. will soon be B. had soon been C. is soon D. would soon be2

53、0. If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you _ so bad now. A. wouldnt have felt B. dont feel C. wouldnt be feeling D. arent feeling5621.If he were really honest, he _ the truth at last meeting. A. would tell B. told C. should have told D. must have told22. But for the storm, I _ home before night

54、. A. would be B. was C. would have been D. had been23. If it had not been for lily, I _ . A. shall not have understood it B. wouldnt understand it C.might not have understood it D. do not understand it5724. It is necessary that the course in general science _ taken before the chemistry course. A. is

55、 B. be C. to be D. will be25. If it had not been for the storm we _ much earlier. A. should arrive B. should have arrived C. would arrive D. might arrive26. It is vital that you _ our competitors to know our plans. A. do not permit B. will not permit C. not permit D. have not permitted5828. May I be

56、g that you _ any decision in this matter until I see you? A. do not make B. will not make C. not make D. did not make29. The students request that they _ given less homework. A. be B. are C. will be D. were30. He talks as if he _ everything. A. knows B. has known C. knew D. will know31. -Whats Marys

57、 second name? -How _ I know? A. can B. should C. do D. could5932. If you _ a moment, Ill go and tell the manager that you are here. A. will wait B. waited C. wait D. were to wait33. You will lose weight if you _ on a diet. A. will go B. went C. go D. had gone 34. If you _ the movie last night, you w

58、ouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watched B. didnt watch C. wouldnt have watched D. hadnt watched 6035. I am sorry that he _ the offer. A. should refuse B. has refuse C. refuses D. should have refused36. If the doctor had been available, the child _. A. would not die B. would not have died C. could not

59、 die D. could not have die37. He wore a mask so that no one _ him. A. can recognize B. may recognize C. recognize D. should recognize 6138. I didnt know his telephone number; otherwise I _ him. A. telephoned B. had telephoned C. would have telephoned D. was telephoning39. Had she been given some inf

60、ormation , she _ the question. A. would answer B. could answer C. could have answered D. answered40. We hung out a lantern lest he _ lost in the mist. A. gets B. get C. will get D. got6241. It is best that you _ your trip at once. A. cancel B. canceled C. will cancel D. are to cancel42. I feel very