雅思作文課堂筆記

1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Opening模版句型1 The graph(s) and chart(s) tell/illustrate/display/explain to/show/unfolds/give us aclear picture/overview/ of the characteristics and trends of. 2 As is shown/displayed/revealed in the graph(s) and chart(s) (respectively), the numbers/amounts/percentages of surged/fluctuated/differed/

2、varied dramatically/(comparatively) gently/gradually from to/during and .3 It can be seen /It is clear from the table(s)/diagram(s)/figure(s) that.4 According to the chart(s) and graph(s),.5 A glance at the of reflects greatsimilarities/differences/surge/dip between and.Example:A This bar chart disp

3、lays the number of menand womenenrolled in future education in Britain during three periods.B It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in 1970 the professions inMalaysia were almost totally dominated by men.C As is revealed in the diagram, the number of hours per week spent on unpaid work is

4、 unequally distributed between men and women.D According to the bar chart, the number of men and women enrolled in higher education in Britain show a number of trends.E A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries,Canada, Japan, Peru and Netherlands, in 2001 reflec

5、ts the great differences that exist between wealthier and poorer nations.V It fluctuated四種必備句型1. from to /during and用于任意兩個(gè)無(wú)特征性數(shù)字2. within a (large/small) range of 用于兩個(gè)差值為十、百、千的整數(shù)3. reachinga peak at(statistics)in (year) andbottomingoutat(statistics) in (year)第一種方法的復(fù)雜版，通過(guò)表示伴隨狀 況的從句揭示最高最低點(diǎn)4.2+3此句為小作文的

6、必備句，每次都會(huì)用到表示超過(guò)的單詞補(bǔ)充1 exceed/surpass/overtake （ 后面直接跟數(shù)字） ：The finalcost should notexceed 5 million dollars.2 outnumber/outscore （ 指一種事物的數(shù)字超過(guò)另一種數(shù)字，后面不直接跟數(shù)字） ：In our office the females outnumber the males: 5 to 3.3 outweigh/outperform: （ 指價(jià)值超過(guò)另一種事物）:The advantages outweigh the drawbacks.with介詞狀語(yǔ)后置的用法?T

7、he remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power.? But hydro power contributed only 5 units.?The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro power which contributed only 5 units.? 真 題 例 句 ： The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oi

8、l and nuclearpower,with hydro contributingonly 5units.with 介詞狀語(yǔ)后置的用法: 練習(xí)?These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s.?Europe had as much as 9.8% of degradationdue todeforestation.? Thesecausesaffecteddifferent regions differentlyin the 1990s, with Europe which had as much as 9.8

9、% of degradationdue todeforestation.?真 題例句 ： These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.E.g. Between 1940 and around 1960, the proportion of elderly people in the Western countries showed/saw an upward tren

10、d, with (that of )Sweden increasing more rapidly from about 7%to 9 %while the figure for Japan experienced/witnessed a downward trend, decreasing rapidly from 5% to only 3%.With 介詞狀語(yǔ)后置的主要用途是 它可以把很多有相似性的數(shù)值歸納 在一起 ( 前半句 ) ，并突出其中有特點(diǎn)文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ 后半句 ）Table 以圖十六為例 首先確定表格題描寫的順序。Five technical methods of listing s

11、tatistics effectively and multifariouslyExtreme 極端數(shù)字舉例法The general trend of the visits abroad by UKresidents for holiday rose comparatively dramatically, reaching an apex at 20,700 in 1998 and hitting a trough at 14,898 in 1995. .Range 范圍法Visits abroad by UK residents for business boomed within a sm

12、all range of approximately 800. .Average 平均值舉例法Visits abroad by UK residents for other reasons rose and fell evenly, averaging out at nearly 1000. take an average at Strike a balance atSimilarity 類比法This is the similar case with the trend/statistics of TOTAL 類比的四種句型：This is the similar case withThis

13、 is true of So does-This can be paralleled with Contrast 反比法theThis is the opposite with trend/statistics of 反比的三種句型：This is the opposite with *tThis is converse with This is contrary to 文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表格題的審題順序 首先，在表格左邊空白區(qū)域標(biāo)上trend 編號(hào)見圖十七表格題審題順序：1） 確定寫作順序（橫？縱？）10 sec2） 表格審題編號(hào) 先趨勢(shì)， 后數(shù)據(jù)在表格左邊空白區(qū)域標(biāo)上trend編號(hào) 30 sec寫出

14、 all trends 那句話（總分句）2 min在表格右邊空白區(qū)域進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)方法的編號(hào)2-3 min進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的描寫10 min（縱向比較結(jié)果）All trends can be categorized into文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)4 groups with falling in items such as Food, rising in items including Housing, fluctuating in Household goods and services, and stabilizing in Other items.Transport and communications soared

15、, reaching an apex at 16%in 1997 and hitting a trough at 9%in 1967. Household goods and services was volatile dramatically with the vertex in 1997 and the nadir in 1977.Furthermore, there was a 文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)subsiding in Other goods and services, ranging from 8% to 14%.Alcoholic drink reached a plateau at 7%

16、from 1967 to 1977, followed by a sudden slump to 4% in 1997, this was almost paralleled with the trend of Fuel, light and power.Similarly, the trend of Housing accrued from 1967 to 1997 with an average of 14 in 1977.This was almost the similar case with the trend of Recreation,文案entertainment and ed

17、ucation, which was the opposite with that of Tobacco.What is worth mentioning is that Other items, not making its debut until 1977, remained constant from 1977 to 1997.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)The table below shows the number of marriages and divorces in the UK from 1950 to 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and

18、reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.UKMarriages&Divorce (thousands)195019601970198019902000Number of first marriages330336389279241180Numberofre-marriages785882140135126Numberofmarriages408394471419376306Number of divorces332663160168155The number of first marriages was 3

19、30 thousand in 1950,increasing steadilyfor the followingtwodecades and peaking at389thousand in 1970. However, from then on, it experienced a sharp fall to 180 thousand in 2000, the lowest of the whole period. Similarly, the number of re-marriage had generally increased from 78 thousand in 1950 to a

20、 peak of 140 thousand in 1980, though its lowest point (58,000) 文案reached in 1960. The following decade from 1990 to 2000 witnessed an insignificant decrease to 126 thousand. Since marriage are a sum of first marriages and re-marriages, it can be clearly seen that the trend of marriages saw an overa

21、ll drop, with its record low (306,000) in 2000, about a third less than its peak (471,000) in1970.In contrast to the general downward trend of marriages見圖十八首先確定寫作順序，然后標(biāo)出趨勢(shì)編All trends can be categorized into3 groups with rising inAgriculture of Britain, Computer文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Industry and Finance of China, fluc

22、tuating in Computer Industry, Finance, Manual Labour of Britain and Manual Labour of China, and falling in Agriculture of China.表格題比較原則：有可比點(diǎn)的比,沒有可比點(diǎn)的不要比“可比點(diǎn)”表示差異性“沒有可比點(diǎn)”表示同質(zhì)性(similarity) 或不相關(guān)性 (irrelevancy)橫向比較結(jié)果:In Britain, Manual Labour was the largest industry drawing employees, while most people

23、 in China, were engaged in Agriculture.縱向比較結(jié)果：Agriculture witnessed a conversetrend in aspect of employment for bothcountries.In China,Computer Industry and Finance were prone to be booming industries.文案You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agr

24、icultural land bee less productive Th& table shows how these causes aff&ct&d threo regi the world during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature make comparisons where refevant-Write at least 150 words.Causes of worldwide land degradationover-grazing劍8 test 1o

25、ver-cultivationotherdeforests ti onCauses of land degradation by regionRegion% land degraded by.deforestationovercultivationovergrazingTotal land degradedNtxUi Ainafica0.23.31.55%Europe9.87 7S 523%Oceania1,7011.313%A largt? group of talendls kn Ihe Soulh Pacific including 且uwtrmig andi Nt?w Zealand同

26、意詞替換： cause of degradation?改變?cè)~性：主語(yǔ) land +動(dòng)詞degrade 形容詞degrading +名詞land?同義詞：reason/contributing factorParagraph 1? The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today. 轉(zhuǎn)述題 1=? Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree

27、clearance, constituting 35% and 30%respectively區(qū)分詞狀語(yǔ)后置)?A further 28% of global degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops.? Other causes account for only7% collectively. (features)Paragraph 2?承上啟 下： These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as

28、 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation* 介詞狀語(yǔ)后置)while the impact of this onOceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and 0.2% of land affected respectively介詞狀語(yǔ)后置)? Europe, with the highest overallpercentageof landdegraded (23%),(介詞做插入語(yǔ)) also sufferedfromover-cultivation (7.7%) and over

29、-grazing (5.5%).? In contrast, Oceania had 13%of degraded farmland and this was mainly due to over-grazing (11.3%).North America had a lower proportion of degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were over-cultivation (3.3%) and, to a lesser extent, over-grazing (1.5%).ConclusionOverall

30、, it is clear that Europe suffered more from farmland degradation than the other regions, and the main causes there were deforestationandover-cultivation. 總結(jié)Bar ChartCompare and Contrast (Summaryand Analysis) Grammatical Accuracy Hidden Characteristic柱狀圖本質(zhì)上就是前三種圖的柱狀 形式 下面請(qǐng)看圖十九 1)三張餅圖 2)四根曲線圖All tren

31、ds can be categorized into 3 groups with fluctuating in bus, rising in car and falling in bike and foot.3) 3X4 的表格題This was the similar case with thetrend of foot.總結(jié)：題型本質(zhì)上分為兩種動(dòng)態(tài)圖和靜態(tài)圖動(dòng)態(tài)圖最好用曲線圖（天龍八部+Alltrends ）的整體寫作模式靜態(tài)圖則是靜態(tài)表格（純比較）的寫作模式柱狀圖的要求：1）充分的比較（共性）和對(duì)比（差異） ， 文字性的部分可以多一點(diǎn)，不必局限在每一種題型的要求上。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2）語(yǔ)法要求較高：

32、對(duì)于主語(yǔ)的要求 和句式的多樣性（60%勺柱狀圖 為靜態(tài)圖）3）對(duì)于隱藏特征的開發(fā)（適用于所 有類型的圖）隱藏特征：隱藏在 數(shù)據(jù)背后的客觀性事實(shí)。A 隱 藏一一不明顯，有別于主體段（body） 的內(nèi)容B 客觀性事實(shí)一一有數(shù)據(jù)支持的現(xiàn)象，不 同于個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)藏特征在結(jié)尾段寫文案隱藏特征的默認(rèn)格式：What is worth mentioning is that since （原因數(shù)據(jù)支持） , it indicates the fact that （結(jié)論 文 字 總 結(jié) ） What is worth mentioning is that since the overall percentages e

33、xceeded 100%, it indicates the fact that some adults chose several reasons for study.Task 1 高分的關(guān)鍵：一 變換多端的wording 和句式、體系二 清晰宏觀的分類（ALL TRENDS）文案有力得體的隱藏特征(HC)找隱藏特征方法1 通過(guò)百分比去找100% . Some people choose several reasons forv 100% There exist some otherfactors/reasonsunlisted/unmentioned .2 抓住反義詞，出現(xiàn)一組或幾組反義

34、詞 ， 通 過(guò) 對(duì) 比 可 以 找 出 abnormal statistics3 debut statistics , 凡是有空著的 數(shù)據(jù)就可以用這個(gè)寫：not make its文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)debut until (year) 只出現(xiàn)在柱狀圖和表格圖中，餅圖和曲線圖基本沒有4 既定趨勢(shì)及特征，雅思中有一些圖 很明顯地對(duì)未來(lái)是大勢(shì)所趨的。以圖十二The new source of energy, especially nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached the b

35、ottleneck/ceiling to some extent.EndingFrom the diagram it can be safely concluded that.As a whole/In general/To sum up/In conclusion/In summary/In a nutshell/Thus, the data suggest that.It appears that/In fact/We can see clearly that.What is worth mentioning is that/noun.Example:1 From the diagram

36、it can be safelyconcluded that in the years 19781987 Florida developed much more rapidly than the UnitedStates as a whole.2 In general, the data suggest that the increased presence of women in the paid work force has yet to lead to an increased role for men in the home.3 It appears that womenare eit

37、her more law-abiding 守法的 than men or that law enforcement officers are more reluctant to arrestwomen.4 What is worth mentioning is that文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)nuclear power didn t make its debut until 1998The column graph shows the variations of educational levels of staff members in a company in the years of 1991, 199

38、6 and 2000.流程圖流程圖的寫作a） 平實(shí)的格式As is displayed in the flow chart, 文案文案the process / principleof can be explained/ analyzed/ specified as follows.There are stages inFirst,Second,Next,Last/ Finally/ In the endThus, the new circle begins.文章中間涉及的一些寫法：As to/ for, As far as .isconcernedIn respect/ aspect of,

39、 in approach toConcerningOn文章最后涉及的一些寫法：Through a brief introduction of , wecometo realize how /the of.Having a glimpse of the general process of , we arefascinated by the of/ the fact that.b） 句式豐富 文案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（2 次） ; 多用定語(yǔ)從句 （ 2 次） ； 多用狀語(yǔ)從句（ 1-2次）多用分詞短語(yǔ)（2 次） ；多用介詞短語(yǔ)（ 2 次）c） 過(guò)渡的自然d） 準(zhǔn)專業(yè)的詞匯e） 適當(dāng)?shù)恼归_加聯(lián)想以下我

40、們來(lái)看一個(gè)實(shí)例及其范文，講瓶子回收的。The mapsshowthe school sites in2004 and 2010. It can be seenthat the school in 2010 had more infrastructure than that in 2004, because the number of its students increased from 600 to 1000.From the first map, we can see that there were two buildings, one in the north and the other in the south. In the west of the school was a small car park, while a play ground was located in the east part, next to Building 2.雅思作文應(yīng)用：寫大作文前必須知道的詞匯：認(rèn) 為 assert/ contend/ claim/ maintain/ argue/ hold the view