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1、考研翻譯的命題原則:1、所選擇的體裁偏向于專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)2、所選擇的話題偏向文科、社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域3、劃線的長(zhǎng)度為30個(gè)單詞左右,總長(zhǎng)度為150個(gè)單詞考研翻譯的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)=翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)=檢查譯文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)確:大意相同通順:說(shuō)人話(準(zhǔn)確是通順的前提)完整:要成句翻譯的方法:直接為主(直接翻譯),適當(dāng)意譯(把意思說(shuō)出來(lái))(一句話4分鐘)考研翻譯的步驟:1、通讀全句,查找連接(when,and)2、分析成分,劃分意群(前兩步驟1分鐘)3、選擇詞義,適當(dāng)草稿(看1分鐘就動(dòng)筆寫(xiě))讀:多讀漢語(yǔ)4、調(diào)整通順,書(shū)寫(xiě)譯文(次序調(diào)整,詞義選擇)碰到生詞:造句,填空,根據(jù)前后句遇到多義詞:同義替換Part English-C

2、hinese Translation(2000)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends large

3、ly on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys e

4、conomy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensur

5、e that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexplo

6、ited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33)Owing to the remarkable devel

7、opment in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is tak

8、ing place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may

9、 undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or proble

10、ms arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. 390

11、 wordsPart English-Chinese Translation一、核心詞匯注釋act on *1.按行動(dòng),奉行 例:act on principles 根據(jù)原則辦事 2.對(duì)起作用,影響 例:The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音樂(lè)使觀眾情緒激動(dòng)。build up 1.吹捧,贊揚(yáng),宣傳 例:You have to build kids upmake them feel important. 你必須表?yè)P(yáng)孩子讓他們覺(jué)得自己重要。 2.使(某人)逐步恢復(fù)體力(尤指病后) 例:Build your moth

12、er up with nourishing food. 讓你母親吃點(diǎn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)食品好逐步恢復(fù)體力。 *3.(使)增加,(使)增強(qiáng),(使)擴(kuò)大 例:build up ones confidence/huge stockpiles of arms 增強(qiáng)信心/大量增加武器貯備compel vt. *1.強(qiáng)迫,迫使某人做某事 例:reports that children were compelled to participate in bizarre rituals 關(guān)于孩子們被迫參加古怪儀式的報(bào)道 2.激起,使產(chǎn)生(某種感情、態(tài)度) 例:His courage compels universal adm

13、iration. 他的勇氣不禁令人肅然起敬。raten. C *1.速度,速率 例:Children learn at different rates.兒童學(xué)東西有快有慢。 2.the number of times sth happens or the number of examples of sth within a certain period比率,率,數(shù)量 例:birth/unemployment/crime rate 出生/失業(yè)/離婚率(人數(shù)) 3.費(fèi)用,價(jià)格 例:The sports centre has reduced rates for students. 運(yùn)動(dòng)中心對(duì)學(xué)生實(shí)行

14、優(yōu)惠。vt. 1.對(duì)作評(píng)估,評(píng)價(jià) 例:She is generally rated as one of the best modern poet.她被公認(rèn)為最杰出的現(xiàn)代詩(shī)人之一。 2.值得,應(yīng)得:They rate a big thankyou for all their hard work.他們的辛勤工作值得好好感謝。3.給(影片)定級(jí)vi. 被認(rèn)為,被評(píng)價(jià)為(后跟介詞as) 例:Becker rates as one of the finest players of his generation.貝克爾被認(rèn)為是他那一代人當(dāng)中最優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一。step sth up*1.使增加,使上升,使

15、加快 例:step up ones pace/their social position 加快步伐/提高他們的社會(huì)地位 2.晉升,獲得提升 例:You are going to be stepped up to manager. 你將被提升為經(jīng)理。unexploited a. 未被利用的,未經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)的;exploit v. 剝削,榨??;利用,開(kāi)發(fā),開(kāi)采wastagen. 耗費(fèi)(量),損耗(量),(尤指)浪費(fèi);waste v. 浪費(fèi),濫用;(疾?。┦瓜?、虛弱 n. 浪費(fèi);廢料,廢棄物 a. 廢棄的,無(wú)用的;盛裝或運(yùn)送廢物的二、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析本文從兩個(gè)方面論述了現(xiàn)代政府在實(shí)施職能方面越來(lái)越依靠各個(gè)科

16、學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的專(zhuān)家人才。一是政府依賴經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家來(lái)干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì),促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,從而增加人們的福利。二是由于人們產(chǎn)生新的需要、人口增長(zhǎng)給改革增添了新的壓力,從而使政府更加依賴生物學(xué)家和社會(huì)學(xué)家的決策。2000年的翻譯試題與往年相比較容易,考生的得分普遍較高。主要因?yàn)橐韵聨讉€(gè)原因:(1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不太復(fù)雜,語(yǔ)法修飾關(guān)系比較清晰;(2)難理解的詞匯少;(3)文章的背景知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)單,不造成理解障礙。具體而言,該部分主要考查了以下幾點(diǎn):邏輯詞的翻譯來(lái)體現(xiàn)句子內(nèi)部邏輯;it is obvious that結(jié)構(gòu);被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)的翻譯;多個(gè)因果分句的譯法;帶破折號(hào)的句子的譯法;狀語(yǔ)從句的譯法。但是盡管本年翻譯

17、難度不大,依然有考生由于基礎(chǔ)差的原因得分很低。因此考生在備考時(shí),要著重從詞匯和語(yǔ)法方面下手,加強(qiáng)基本功的練習(xí)。三、試題具體解析(31)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:邏輯詞的翻譯。正確率:55%句子結(jié)構(gòu) 該句為簡(jiǎn)單句,其主干是:this requires v

18、arying measures and hence the help。謂語(yǔ)require帶了兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ) measures 和the help。本句的難點(diǎn)是hence的譯法,它在句中是承上啟下起連接作用的邏輯詞,表明上半句內(nèi)容“這需要程度不同的集中控制措施”導(dǎo)致了后半句話的內(nèi)容“需要獲得專(zhuān)家的協(xié)助”,即前因后果關(guān)系。因此Hence可譯為“從而,從此”。詞義確定 varying意為“不同的”;operational research experts直譯是“研究操作過(guò)程的科學(xué)家”,用術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯就是“運(yùn)籌學(xué)專(zhuān)家”。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)譯文 在現(xiàn)代條件下,這需要程度不同的集中控制措施,從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域

19、的專(zhuān)家的協(xié)助。(32)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:it is obvious that結(jié)構(gòu),代詞指代,邏輯詞的翻譯。正確率:65%句子結(jié)構(gòu) 該句

20、子由兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成,其主干是 it is obvious that., and that.。it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)由and連接的that引導(dǎo)的從句。it is obvious that.經(jīng)常譯作“很顯然”或“顯而易見(jiàn)”。第二個(gè)that從句中的代詞this指代第一個(gè)分句中的efficiency of its agriculture and industry(工農(nóng)業(yè)的高效率),在翻譯的時(shí)候應(yīng)點(diǎn)明一下;in turn的英文釋義為as a result of something,它表達(dá)的是一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,因此注意不能把兩個(gè)從句只譯成平行關(guān)系的句子,如:“兩件事情很明顯:一是,二是”。詞義

21、確定 bound up with的意為“與密切相關(guān)”;in turn 意為“又,依次,轉(zhuǎn)而”;rest upon意為to depend upon(依靠)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)譯文 再者,顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān),而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。(33)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governm

22、ents are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)的翻譯、多個(gè)因果分句的譯法。正確率:59%句子結(jié)構(gòu) 該句為復(fù)合句,其主干是people are feeling wants.and are being exposed to,其中含有兩個(gè)并列的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,英語(yǔ)中的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)除了表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作之外,還可以表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,可用“不斷”來(lái)表示這層意思。句首介詞短語(yǔ)owing to.(由于)引導(dǎo)表原因的狀語(yǔ);主

23、句后面while也引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語(yǔ)。翻譯時(shí)關(guān)鍵要弄清三個(gè)分句的邏輯關(guān)系,即第一分句“大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展”表原因,第二分句“人們不斷感到有新的需求”是結(jié)果,而第三分句“政府推出更多的革新”則是上面兩分句引起的結(jié)果。由于有兩套因果關(guān)系,為避免兩次出現(xiàn)“由于”,原因狀語(yǔ)owing to.結(jié)構(gòu)可譯成“使,造成了”。詞義確定 mass communication指報(bào)紙、電視、電臺(tái)等具有廣泛影響的大眾傳媒或通訊;want做名詞,意為“缺乏,需要”;be exposed to是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),基本意思是“被暴露于”,可靈活譯成“接觸到”;introduce 在句中和innovations搭配,應(yīng)譯作“實(shí)施,采取”,而

24、不是“介紹、宣傳”;further雖可表示距離,但修飾“改革”時(shí)表示“更進(jìn)一步,更多的”; for the reasons given above意為“由于上述的原因”。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)譯文 大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求,不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想。由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。(34)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followedwa

25、s spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:帶破折號(hào)的句子的譯法。正確率:62%句子結(jié)構(gòu) 該句為復(fù)合句,其主干是:the process.was spread., whereas.。句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)破折號(hào),英語(yǔ)中的破折號(hào)大致相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的括號(hào),起一個(gè)補(bǔ)充的作用。理解的時(shí)候可以先把破折號(hào)中的部分略去不看,以便加強(qiáng)對(duì)此句的整體印象。翻譯的時(shí)候看破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容是否與前后聯(lián)系緊密,才能夠決定譯文

26、中用不用破折號(hào)。第一個(gè)破折號(hào)后with介賓結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨,可以譯成“隨之而來(lái)的”;其中緊跟在social patterns后的定語(yǔ)從句that followed修飾的是changes,而不是social patterns,因此far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed應(yīng)該譯成“隨之而來(lái)的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革”。whereas表示轉(zhuǎn)折,使前后形成對(duì)比,可以譯作“而、可是”;the same process 是指前面的the process of industrialization(工業(yè)化進(jìn)程)。詞義確定 far-reaching指“

27、深遠(yuǎn),深刻,廣泛的”,spread over意為“延續(xù),持續(xù)”,undergo意為“經(jīng)歷,完成”,or so意為“左右”。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)譯文 在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中,其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革,持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久,而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過(guò)程。(35) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relativel

28、y easy nowadays by modern means of transport.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:破折號(hào)的作用、additional的譯法和狀語(yǔ)從句的譯法。正確率:63%句子結(jié)構(gòu) 該句子的主干是 social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems,because of 介詞短語(yǔ)做原因狀語(yǔ)。由于中文一般先說(shuō)原因后說(shuō)結(jié)果,因此翻譯時(shí)可以把主句放在后面。arising from.修飾problems,意為“從而起的問(wèn)題”或“由于而造成的問(wèn)題”。破折號(hào)后themselves和過(guò)去分詞m

29、ade relatively easy一起是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,themselves指代前面的mass migration movements(大量的人口流動(dòng))。詞義確定 social stresses指“社會(huì)壓力”;occur意為“發(fā)生”;mass在這里指“大量的”。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)譯文 由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)容易)造成的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。四、參考譯文世界各國(guó)政府的行為都基于一個(gè)假設(shè),即,本國(guó)人民的福利主要依賴于該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和社會(huì)財(cái)富。(31)在現(xiàn)代條件下,這需要程度不同的集中控制措施,從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家的協(xié)助。

30、(32)再者,顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān),而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。這也就意味著政府被迫越來(lái)越多地干預(yù)這些產(chǎn)業(yè)部門(mén),以便提高生產(chǎn)率,確保產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)發(fā)揮最佳效益。例如,政府可能利用各種方法鼓勵(lì)研究工作,包括建立自己的研究中心;政府可以改變教育結(jié)構(gòu),或進(jìn)行干預(yù),以便減少自然資源的浪費(fèi),開(kāi)發(fā)尚未利用的資源;或者在日益增多的跨國(guó)科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和工業(yè)項(xiàng)目中直接進(jìn)行合作。無(wú)論如何,一切干預(yù)都離不開(kāi)科學(xué)家的建議和各種科技人才。(33)大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求,不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想。由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。與此同時(shí),與過(guò)去相

31、比,世界各地社會(huì)變化的正常速度越來(lái)越快。例如,(34)在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中,其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革,持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久,而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過(guò)程。這一切帶來(lái)的后果就是,在社會(huì)內(nèi)部營(yíng)造了異乎尋常的壓力和緊張氣氛,從而給有關(guān)政府帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題需要處理。(35)由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)容易)造成的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。目前,以上所有這些因素產(chǎn)生的后果就是,各國(guó)政府為了制定合理的計(jì)劃并將之付諸實(shí)施,越來(lái)越多地依靠生物學(xué)家和社會(huì)學(xué)家。Part III English-Chinese Translat

32、ion(2001)directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system

33、 and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. 41)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42)Children will play with dolls equi

34、pped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived. According to BTs futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first

35、 few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. 43)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest da

36、tes when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human

37、links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44)But that, Pearson points out, is o

38、nly the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. Howe

39、ver, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for exampl

40、e, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychologica

41、l disorderkitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1)show your understandin

42、g of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2)give a specific example, and3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第三部分 翻譯試題解析(2001)一、試題總體分析這篇文章主要展望了科學(xué)技術(shù)給人類(lèi)未來(lái)生活可能帶來(lái)的各種變化,未來(lái)學(xué)家對(duì)科學(xué)突破性進(jìn)展日期的預(yù)測(cè),以及某些技術(shù)進(jìn)步可能帶來(lái)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。2001年度翻譯試題難度適中,考點(diǎn)涉及了詞義確定、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)以及從句的翻譯。就此,考生可以總結(jié)出,詞義確定和句子結(jié)構(gòu)是翻譯必考的項(xiàng)目。詞義確定要求考生根據(jù)

43、上下文和搭配的要求,確定某個(gè)特定詞在本句中的意思以及翻譯后選擇的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá),而這個(gè)意思往往不是考生在平時(shí)記憶的單詞詞義,可能是某個(gè)偏僻的詞義、引伸義,甚至在該上下文中才有的、沒(méi)有在詞典中確定下來(lái)的意思。因此特別提醒考生不要字對(duì)字地翻譯,而要在上下文中確定具體單詞的意思,正如一句話說(shuō)得好:“There is no meaning except in the context.”(只有在上下文中才有詞義)。二、試題具體解析(41)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors

44、that will disable them when they offend.解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯、過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)、詞義確定。句子的主干是there be 句型的將來(lái)時(shí),譯成“將會(huì)出現(xiàn),將有”。hosted by robots是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾chat shows,由于不太長(zhǎng),翻譯時(shí)可以前置做定語(yǔ)。pollution monitors(污染監(jiān)控器)后面接的定語(yǔ)從句that will disable.offend并不是起修飾限定作用,翻譯時(shí)不能把它前置做定語(yǔ),此從句實(shí)際是說(shuō) pollution monitors 的功能,譯時(shí)可獨(dú)立成句。定語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)when 引導(dǎo)

45、的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。詞匯:chat shows即是近年來(lái)在我國(guó)也廣為流行的電視談話節(jié)目;host做名詞為“(男)主持人”,做動(dòng)詞是“主持”;offend本意是“冒犯,侵犯”,在這里根據(jù)上下文,意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是“違規(guī)”,進(jìn)而可譯為(汽車(chē))“污染超標(biāo)”;disable的意思也應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)上下文確定為“使(汽車(chē))無(wú)法運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”。譯文:屆時(shí),將會(huì)出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目和裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車(chē)。一旦這些汽車(chē)排污超標(biāo)(違規(guī)),監(jiān)控器就會(huì)使其停駛。(42)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-bu

46、ilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:意譯、介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)、rather than的譯法。整個(gè)句子實(shí)際上由四個(gè)分句并列組成,由逗號(hào)和and 連接,但是最后一句從意思上看實(shí)際是一句總結(jié)性的話。第一分句中,equipped with personality chips是過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)修飾dolls;第二句是一個(gè)

47、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其中主要結(jié)構(gòu)為be regarded as rather than ,意思為“被看作是而不是”,該句中with in-built personalities這一介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作computers的后置定語(yǔ);第三句如果直譯成“休閑將在氣味電視機(jī)前面”不太貼切,尤其作為書(shū)面語(yǔ)不合適,考生可以加入“休閑”這一動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,將該句譯成:人們將在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑,或譯成:休閑將在氣味電視機(jī)前面進(jìn)行;第四句中,考生需要注意時(shí)態(tài)為將來(lái)完成時(shí)。詞匯:computers后的with結(jié)構(gòu)是“帶有、具有”的意思;in-built意為“內(nèi)在的,內(nèi)置的”,rather than表示否定,此結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯題中就已經(jīng)數(shù)次出現(xiàn)

48、。譯文:兒童將與裝有個(gè)性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具,人們將在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑,屆時(shí)數(shù)字化時(shí)代就要來(lái)到了。(43)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoverie

49、s to take place.解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:多重復(fù)合句的譯法。該句子是復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句,其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分三層。第一層是句子主語(yǔ)是Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers to ,不定式引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ),第二層在目的狀語(yǔ)中,賓語(yǔ)calendar后有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,第三層結(jié)構(gòu)為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,賓語(yǔ)the latest dates后又有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,注意不要誤以為時(shí)狀語(yǔ)從句。這樣的三層復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形成了環(huán)環(huán)相套的定語(yǔ)從句鏈,關(guān)鍵在于考生需要把這個(gè)鏈條打斷,也就是進(jìn)行斷句,考生可以在th

50、at處斷句。詞匯:piece together意為“匯集”;the latest dates意為“最近的日期”;key breakthroughs意為“重大突破”。譯文:皮爾森匯集世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果,編制了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的新技術(shù)千年歷,它列出了人們有望看到數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。(44)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ult

51、imately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. ”解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:定語(yǔ)從句。Pearson points out屬插入語(yǔ)成分,主句為主表結(jié)構(gòu)that is the start,它實(shí)際上也是point out 的賓語(yǔ)內(nèi)容。主語(yǔ)that 是代詞,指前兩句中提到的電腦與人之間連接的突破。引號(hào)中的是Pearson所說(shuō)的話。it 指代緊跟它的integration(一體化)。that will ultimately.century是修飾the process of integration

52、的定語(yǔ)從句,由于定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng),不適宜在中文中做前置定語(yǔ),只能另起一句,用重復(fù)先行詞的辦法,或把定語(yǔ)從句譯作并列句。譯文:皮爾森指出,這個(gè)突破僅僅是人機(jī)一體化的開(kāi)始:“它是人機(jī)一體化漫長(zhǎng)之路的第一步,最終會(huì)使人們?cè)谙率兰o(jì)末之前就研制出完全電子化的仿真人?!保?5)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage. 解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是:so

53、that結(jié)構(gòu)、詞義確定。這個(gè)句子的主干是home appliances will become so.that.,“so that ”結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“如此以至”。that 后接的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,從句的主語(yǔ)是controlling and operating them;them指的是主語(yǔ)home appliances;從句的謂語(yǔ)是will result in,breakout of.是in的介詞賓語(yǔ)。此處的破折號(hào)起解釋作用,解釋a new psychological disorder的內(nèi)容。詞匯:smart 意為“巧妙的,(人)聰明的”,但是在這里需要結(jié)合上下文理解為“智能化的”;breakout

54、 一般譯為“爆發(fā)”,但是與心理疾病或心理紊亂(a psychological disorder)搭配不合適,所以意譯為“引起,引發(fā)”;同理kitchen rage亦不可直譯為“廚房暴怒”,盡量與心理疾病的用詞掛鉤,譯為“廚房狂躁癥”。譯文:家用電器將會(huì)變得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它們會(huì)引發(fā)一種新的心理疾病廚房狂躁癥。三、參考譯文在未來(lái)不到三十年的時(shí)間里,特列克星號(hào)的全息艙面就會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。大腦神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和計(jì)算機(jī)之間的直接連接還會(huì)創(chuàng)造出全方位感受虛擬環(huán)境,使電影全部回憶中展示的虛擬假期成為可能。(41)屆時(shí),將會(huì)出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目和裝有污染監(jiān)控器的汽車(chē)。一旦這些汽車(chē)排污超標(biāo)(違規(guī)),

55、監(jiān)控器就會(huì)使其停駛。(42)兒童將與裝有個(gè)性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有個(gè)性內(nèi)置的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具,人們將在氣味電視機(jī)前休閑,屆時(shí)數(shù)字化時(shí)代就要來(lái)到了。依BT的未來(lái)學(xué)家亞恩·皮爾森做出的預(yù)見(jiàn),這些都屬于新世紀(jì)頭幾十年發(fā)展計(jì)劃之列,屆時(shí),超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)將急劇加速各個(gè)生活領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。(43)皮爾森匯集世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果,編制了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的新技術(shù)千年歷,它列出了人們有望看到數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。一些最大的進(jìn)展將在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)城,包括人預(yù)期壽命的延長(zhǎng)和數(shù)十種人造器官,這些將在現(xiàn)在到2024年之間陸續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)。皮爾森還預(yù)言,在計(jì)算機(jī)與人的連接上會(huì)有一個(gè)重大突破。他說(shuō):“通過(guò)直

56、接與我們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相連,計(jì)算機(jī)可以知道我們的感覺(jué),并且,我們希望,它可以模仿感覺(jué),這樣,我們就能夠發(fā)展全方位感知環(huán)境,就像電影全部回憶中的虛擬假期或特列克星號(hào)上的全息艙面?!保?4)但皮爾森指出,這個(gè)突破僅僅是人機(jī)一體化的開(kāi)始:“它是人機(jī)一體化漫長(zhǎng)之路的第一步,最終會(huì)使人們?cè)谙率兰o(jì)末之前就研制出完全電子化的仿真人?!蓖ㄟ^(guò)研究,皮爾遜能夠預(yù)言大多數(shù)突破的發(fā)生時(shí)間。然而,對(duì)于何時(shí)能夠進(jìn)行超光速旅行,何時(shí)人類(lèi)克隆技術(shù)能夠得以完善,何時(shí)可以進(jìn)行時(shí)間旅行,卻依然沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)。但他的確預(yù)見(jiàn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步引起的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。比如,到2010年,住宅區(qū)附近監(jiān)視器數(shù)量的劇增將引發(fā)問(wèn)題;仿真機(jī)器人意味著人類(lèi)可能無(wú)法區(qū)分同類(lèi)朋友

57、和這些機(jī)器人伙伴。(45)家用電器將會(huì)變得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它們會(huì)引發(fā)一種新的心理疾病廚房狂躁癥。第四部分 寫(xiě)作試題解析一、審題謀篇本題命題形式為漫畫(huà)加提綱式寫(xiě)作。提綱有三點(diǎn)要求:(1)描述畫(huà)面的寓意,此處考生要注意symbolic meaning(比喻義);(2)舉一個(gè)具體的例子對(duì)主題加以論證;(3)對(duì)于如何獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心給出你的建議。首先,審題時(shí)考生要抓住關(guān)鍵詞。漫畫(huà)加提綱式寫(xiě)作中,漫畫(huà)中的字,特別是漫畫(huà)的題目可謂是一字千金,千萬(wàn)不可放過(guò)。本題的漫畫(huà)中出現(xiàn)“愛(ài)心是一盞燈,在越黑暗的地方越明亮”一句話,該句最突出的詞是“愛(ài)心”,后半句話指出最需要愛(ài)心的環(huán)境“黑暗中”,也就是說(shuō)別人有困難的地

58、方。因此漫畫(huà)旨在提倡為需要幫助的人或地方獻(xiàn)出愛(ài)心。其次,考生需要看清題目要求。要求指出文章應(yīng)點(diǎn)明漫畫(huà)所示內(nèi)涵,并應(yīng)舉出具體事例,在此前提下提出自己對(duì)獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心的建議。由此可見(jiàn),文章中既要聯(lián)系社會(huì)舉例,又要給出自己的評(píng)論,所以命題所測(cè)試的中心內(nèi)容為描述加議論??忌梢栽趫?jiān)守三段論基礎(chǔ)上采用敘議結(jié)合的方法:第一段需圍繞圖畫(huà)展開(kāi),將圖畫(huà)中所有信息描述清楚,點(diǎn)出漫畫(huà)所示內(nèi)涵。第二段要針對(duì)主題舉具體的例子,由本題中心可知,舉的例子應(yīng)體現(xiàn)兩要素:“愛(ài)心”和“需要”。第三段應(yīng)在聯(lián)系實(shí)際,突出中心的基礎(chǔ)上,提出具體建議。二、參考范文As can be seen from this vivid picture, like a light, love means much more to those who are in great difficulty than to those who live in comforts. Love, as illustrated in the picture,is just l

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