牛津上海版高一上英語-U4詞匯句型精講－教案

1、.李潔意牛津高一上U4詞匯句型精講閱讀拓展精講U4重點詞匯精講1. director n 主管，董事，導演例句：“Five minutes until we start filming, shouted the director.“開場拍攝還有5分鐘了，導演大聲地說?！就卣埂?1) direct v 指點，指導 詞組：direct sb to a place 指點某人去某地 direct sb to do sth 指點某人做某事例句：The map will direct you to the destination. 這個地圖將會帶你到目的地。 The instruction will di

2、rect you to operate the machine 這個說明書會教你怎么操作這個機器。a直接的詞組：in direct contact with 與有直接的聯(lián)絡 a direct flight 一個直飛航班例句：I am in direct contact with the manager of your company. 我和你們公司的經(jīng)理保持直接的聯(lián)絡。 Youd better take a direct flight to save time. 你最好做直飛航班來節(jié)約時間。(2) direction n 方向，指引詞組：in all directions 四面八方 in th

3、e direction of 朝著某個方向 give directions 給予指導例句：Troops began shooting in all directions. 軍隊開場向四面八方射擊。 He drove away in the direction of London. 他開車向倫敦駛?cè)ァ?They give directions to the lost travelers. 他們給迷路的旅客指引方向。2. contestant n 參賽者，競爭者例句：Please welcome our next contestant. 請歡送我們的下一位參賽選手?！就卣埂?1) contest

4、n 競賽詞組：a speech contest 演講比賽3. whisper n 低語，耳語例句：They discuss in a whisper 他們輕聲討論。v 低聲說例句：The children were whispering at the corner. 孩子們在角落低聲說話。4. faint v 昏厥，暈倒例句：I almost fainted when she told me. 她告訴我的時候我差點昏倒。n 暈厥，昏倒例句：She fell down in a faint. 她昏倒了。(a) 微弱的例句：She answered in a faint voice. 她用微弱的聲

5、音答復。5. seat v 使坐下，使就坐詞組：seat oneself 就坐 be seated 就坐例句：Mary seated herself at a desk. Mary在桌邊坐下。The guests were all seated. 客人都已就坐。The hall can seat 1000 people. 這個大廳可以包容1000人。 n 座位詞組：take/have a seat 請坐例句：Please have a seat. 請就坐?！就卣埂縮eat 及物動詞，常與反身代詞連用sit 多作不及物動詞6. cue n 提示詞組：sbs cue to do sth 提示某人做

6、某事 on cue 恰好例句：I think thats my cue to explain why I am here. 我想那是要我解釋一下為什么我在這里。 And then, the weather changed on cue. 然后，天氣恰好發(fā)生了變化。v 提示例句：The manager will cue you when its your turn. 輪到你的時候，經(jīng)理睬提示你的。7. boom v 使興隆，發(fā)隆隆聲，用宏亮消沉的聲音說例句：The conomy was booming and it created many job opportunities. 經(jīng)濟正在迅速開展

7、，并且創(chuàng)造了很多就業(yè)的時機。 The announcers voice boomed. 播音員的聲音響亮而消沉。n 繁榮詞組：economic boom 經(jīng)濟繁榮 baby boom 嬰兒潮，生育頂峰 business boom 生意繁榮8. ahead adv 在前詞組：ahead of 在前面 go ahead with 前進，開展 3 hours ahead of time 提早3小時例句：He is ahead of the age. 他站在時代的前頭。 Now you can go ahead with your plans. 如今你可以繼續(xù)你的方案了。 He arrived 3 h

8、ours ahead of time. 他提早3小時抵達。9. beat n 拍子，節(jié)拍詞組：the steady beat of the drum 節(jié)奏均勻的鼓聲v 打敗，擊敗詞組：beat sb at sth 在打敗某人 beat against 反復在.上拍打例句：I beat Alice at chess. 我在圍棋上贏過Alice。 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨反復拍打在窗上?！就卣埂?1) hit v 指有目的的打某一點，襲擊例句：He hit him on the face. 他打了他的臉 An earthquake hi

9、t the district. 這個地區(qū)受到了地震的襲擊。(2) strike v 通常指一下一下地打擊或者敲擊例句：Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。 The clock is striking 12. 鐘在敲12點。(3) beat v 有毆打，擊敗之意例句：The little boy was beaten by his father. 那個小男孩被他爸爸打了。 10. keep v 保持，保存，存放詞組：keep a diary 記日記 keep doing sth 連續(xù)不斷做某事 keepfrom. 阻止，防止 keep to 遵守，保持 keep

10、 off 使不接近，避開 keep up with 跟上 keep out 使不進入，使遠離例句：Its a good habit for you to keep a diary. 記日記對你來說是一個好習慣。 She keeps doing exercise every day. 她每天堅持鍛煉。 She thinks that nothing will keep you from coming. 她認為沒有什么事可以阻止你來。 Traffic in Britain keeps to the left. 英國的交通一律靠左行駛。 My doctor has warned me to keep

11、 off sugar. 我的醫(yī)生警告我別吃糖。 We should keep up with the times. 我們應該跟上時代。 This coat keeps out the wind. 這大衣?lián)躏L。11. trend n 潮流，趨勢詞組：set a/the trend 帶著新潮流例句：These designers concept set a trend. 這些設計師的理念帶著新的潮流?！就卣埂?1) trendy a 時髦的，流行的例句：This is a trendy restaurant. 這是個時髦的餐廳。n 新潮人物，追求時髦者例句：They are young trend

12、ies from art college. 他們是來自藝術學院的年輕的新潮人物。12. surround v 包圍，環(huán)繞詞組：be surrounded with 包圍例句：This house is surrounded with forests. 這個房子被樹林環(huán)繞?！就卣埂縮urrounding n 周圍的事物例句：The house is harmonious with the surroundings. 這個房子和周圍的事物是協(xié)調(diào)的。（a） 周圍的，附近的例句：We decided to explore the surrounding countryside. 我們決定去探究附近的農(nóng)

13、村。13. achieve v完成，實現(xiàn)詞組：achieve ones ambition/goal 實現(xiàn)的抱負/目的 achieve success 獲得成功例句：He finally achieved his ambition through his efforts. 他最終通過他的努力實現(xiàn)了他的理想 What should we do to achieve success?我們應該做什么來獲得成功呢？【拓展】achievement n 成就，成績詞組：sbs achievement in doing sth 某人在某方面的成就例句：The exam tests childrens achi

14、evements in reading. 這個考試測驗了學生在閱讀方面的成績14. suspend v 懸掛詞組：suspend sth from sth 自懸掛下來 suspend sth by sth 通過把懸掛起來例句：Suspend a lamp from the ceiling. 把燈掛在天花板上。 He was suspended by his feet and beaten with metal bars. 他被吊起雙腳，用金屬棒毆打。15. viewer n 觀眾，觀察者例句：Stereo speakers are arranged round the viewers. 立體揚

15、聲器安置在觀眾的周圍【拓展】(1) view v 觀看詞組：be viewed as 被看作是例句：The law is viewed as a way of meeting some social goals. 這項法規(guī)被看作是實現(xiàn)一些社會目的的途徑。n 視域，視力詞組：a birds eye view 鳥瞰 in view of sth 鑒于，從角度看 with a view to doing sth=in order to do sth 為了做某事例句：From the plane, we had a birds eye view of Shanghai. 從飛機上，我們可以鳥瞰上海。

16、In the view of weather, we will cancel the outing. 因為天氣的原因，我們要取消這次郊游。 He is decorating the house with a view to selling it. 他正在裝修房子，為了把它賣了。16. arrange v 安排，整理詞組：arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 arrange a meeting 安排會議例句：I have arranged for Mary to meet you at the airport. 我已經(jīng)安排瑪麗去機場接你。 Alice arranges

17、 a meeting every week. Alice 每周會安排一次會議?！就卣埂縜rrangement n 布置，安排詞組：make arrangements 作安排例句：They are making arrangements for the party. 他們正在為晚會作準備。17. record v 記錄例句：Her diary records all the details of her days. 她的日記記錄了她的時代所有的細節(jié)。n 記錄，唱片詞組：keep a record of 把記錄下來 for the record 可正式報導，公開地 on record 有記錄的，公

18、開的 create a record 創(chuàng)造記錄 break the record 打破記錄例句：I will keep a record of his telephone conversations. 我將會把他的 談話記錄下來。 Just for the record, I think the president is a fool. 可以公開地說，我認為這個總統(tǒng)是個傻瓜。 The latest typhoon was one of the strongest in Shanghai on record. 最近的臺風是上海有史以來最強的一次。 She has created three ne

19、w world records. 她創(chuàng)造了三項新的世界紀錄。 Several world swimming records have been broken. 幾項游泳記錄已經(jīng)被打破?！就卣埂?1) recorder n 錄音機，記錄器例句：Could you show mw how to use this recorder? 你能教我怎么用這臺錄音機嗎？課堂練習一、 選擇框中適當內(nèi)容并以適當形式填空director contestant faint seat beat ahead of strikekeep a record of create a record in the view of

20、 be viewed as (1) The famous _ Zhang Yimou _ a short piece of film for Beijing Olympics.(2) Class one _ Class two at the basketball match.(3) Ladies and gentlemen, please get _.(4) Lets welcome the _ from Shanghai.(5) The little girl _ because of hunger.(6) Dont forget _ how much you spend.(7) He is

21、 _ age.(8) She fell heavily, _ her head against the floor.(9) When she was young, she _ the smartest girl in her class.(10) _ modern science, this is not the case.參考答案：1director; directed 2 beat 3 seated 4 contestants 5fainted 6 to keep a record of 7 ahead of 8striking 9 was viewed as 10 In the view

22、 of翻譯句子1. 我確定在我們前方有一片光明的將來。ahead of2. 當我有約會的時候，我總是會提早一點到達。ahead of time3. 他們把囚犯打的青一塊紫一塊。beat4. 在午夜，我不能聽到雨拍打窗戶的聲音。beat against5. 我已經(jīng)安排了Alice來參加這次會議。arrange6. 請把這些書按順序放在書架上。arrange7. 她為了保持安康，每天吃蔬菜。with a view to doing8. 科學家說上個月是史上記載以來最熱的六月。on record參考答案：1. I am sure there is a bright future ahead of u

23、s.2. When I have an appointment, I always arrive a little ahead of time3. They beat the prisoner black and blue.4. At midnight, I couldnt hear the rain beating against the window.5. I have arranged for Alice to attend this meeting.6. Please arrange these books in the self in order.7. She eats vegeta

24、bles every day with a view to keeping healthy.8. Scientists said that last month was the warmest June on record.閱讀拓展精講科普類文章一、考點描繪科普類文章是高中閱讀理解中的難點題材，其取材親密聯(lián)絡當前經(jīng)濟和科技等方面的變化，以介紹某一科學現(xiàn)象居多。并且每年高考都有所涉及，每五篇閱讀文章至少有一篇是科普文章，以表達英語語言的實用性，同時也增加了試題的難度。因此，同學們在平時的學習中一定要對此引起高度的重視。二、材料特點這類文章的總體特點是：科技詞匯多，句子構造復雜，理論性強，邏輯嚴謹

25、。詳細說來它有以下幾個特點：1. 文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡明，不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準確性的特點。這類文章通常不會出現(xiàn)文學英語中采用的排比、比喻、夸大等修辭手法，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見。2. 句子構造較復雜，語法分析較困難。為了描繪一個客觀事物，嚴密地表達自己的思想，作者經(jīng)常會使用集多種語法現(xiàn)象于一體的長句3. 常使用被動語態(tài)，尤其是一些慣用被動句式。三、命題特點科普類閱讀的主要命題形式有事實細節(jié)題、詞義猜測題、推理判斷題以及主旨概括題等，其中推理判斷題居多。四、針對該文體的特點，我們?nèi)绾慰焖儆行У貙ξ恼逻M展整體把握？批注：此部分在學案中應顯示為空白，引導學生考慮。在做科普類文章

26、時，常見的文章大致構造是什么？題目中通常對哪些文章細節(jié)提問？ 通過學生自己的分析，再給予指導，總結出科普類文章做提早的準備工作為1 文章介紹的主要內(nèi)容是什么？2 該科學現(xiàn)象或最新發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何產(chǎn)生的？3 該現(xiàn)象或道理的發(fā)現(xiàn)對人們生活已經(jīng)或?qū)硎裁从绊懀?Extensive ReadingWant a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and

27、 how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient no matter where he or she may be. Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis遠程診斷 will be based on real physiological data from the actua

28、l patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patients important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be

29、a thing of the past. Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to ruralcountryside care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster needespecially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and

30、experts opinions. But there is one problem. Bandwidth寬帶 is the limiting factor for sending complex復雜的 medical pictures around the world CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or w

31、ars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service. Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications,

32、 the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnosis are common. 批注：讀完文章，先讓學生大致復數(shù)文章段落大意。并進展生詞總結。本文主要講述人們將來可以通過網(wǎng)上看病，醫(yī)生可以根據(jù)病人的生理數(shù)據(jù)做出遠程診斷。隨著第二代因特網(wǎng)和第三代挪動手機為將來的遠程醫(yī)療效勞，尤其是寬帶網(wǎng)交流價格的下降，遠程醫(yī)療和醫(yī)藥信息、專家意見和診斷共享將成為家常便飯。I. Comprehensio

33、n Questions1. The writer chiefly talks about _. A. the use of telemedicine B. the on-lined doctors C. medical care and treatmentD. communication improvementKeys: A。主旨題。第2段和第3段的內(nèi)容，可知最正確答案為A。2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _.A. personal data assistance B. some words of a patientC. real physio

34、logical information D. medical pictures from the InternetKeys: C。細節(jié)題。從第2段第2句話中的remote diagnosis遠程診斷 will be based on real physiological data生理數(shù)據(jù) from the actual patient 可以做出正確判斷。3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？ A. Patients dont need doctors in hospitals any more. B

35、. It is impossible to send a patients signs over the telephone. C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now. D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.Keys：D. 判斷題。網(wǎng)上可以看病并不就是說病人去醫(yī)院不需要醫(yī)生，排除A項；通過 發(fā)送病人的信息是可行的，排除B項；如今至少有一個醫(yī)療隊想用遠程醫(yī)療來治療疾病，C項也不對；根據(jù)文章最后一句話With the falling pr

36、ice of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts opinions and diagnosis are common 可以肯定答案是D。4. The “problem in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _. A. bandwidth isnt big enough to send complex m

37、edical pictures B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs D. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical careKeys: A。推斷題。根據(jù)第4段第2句話 Bandwidth寬帶 is the limiting factor for sending complex復雜 medical pictur

38、es around the world CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users可知答案為A。批注：在學生大致理解文章大意后，讓學生在做題時同時劃出做題根據(jù)，并且說出每道題目的考察點是什么。是細節(jié)題的判斷還是推斷題。從而讓學生理解做科普類文章的方法，特別要注意的是細節(jié)題和推斷題的掌握。 II. Put the following phrases either in English or Chinese according to the reading passage1. a glance of2. normal symptoms3.

39、access to medical data4. limiting factor5. 基于 6. 生理數(shù)據(jù)7. 通過 8. 作為.的工具 Keys: 1. 撇一眼 2. 普通病癥 3. 獲得醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù) 4. 限制性因素 5. be based on 6. physiological data 7. Over telephone 8. As a tool for批注：此部分為學生積累詞組詞匯 III. Translation1眾所周知，理論要以事實為根據(jù)。base on2社會理論是學習的一種工具手段。tool3戀人們經(jīng)常通過 交流感情。telephoneKeys：1. As we all know

40、, theory is based on the fact. 2. Social practice is a tool for gaining knowledge. 3. The lovers strengthen their emotion over telephone. 總結：科普類閱讀理解四選一解題題思路 Skill：1 迅速閱讀文章的第一段，把握該文章介紹的主題內(nèi)容；2 閱讀全文，理解該發(fā)現(xiàn)或研究成果的形成過程及影響；3 帶著文章后提出的疑問迅速定位相關信息，不作不確信的猜測，確保解題的正確性?；丶易鳂I(yè)一、 詞匯自默20minstudio film director contestan

41、t whisper faint gasp cameraman seat rush forward powder cue clap boom quiz terrific ahead of tense beat keep still trend surround achieve suspend stereo arrange viewer digital cigarette lighter record cassette 演播室 拍攝 導演 參賽者 . 低語；耳語 昏厥 喘著氣說 攝影師 使坐下 沖上前去 抹粉 提示 拍手. 用洪亮而消沉的聲音說 智力競賽 極好的 領先 緊張的 擊敗 靜止不動 .趨

42、勢 環(huán)繞 到達；獲得 懸掛 立體聲的 布置 電視觀眾 數(shù)字的 打火機 記錄盒式磁帶二、 閱讀訓練20minI know what youre thinking : pizza 比薩餅? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the a. m. if you want to I know lots of women who skip breakfast不吃早餐 , and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some

43、say they dont have time. others think theyre “saving calories 卡路里, still others just dont like breakfast food . But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when youre trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at a

44、ll, says Katherine Brooking , R , D , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this years “SELF CHALLENGE. And even pizza can be healthy if its loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece. Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Re

45、search shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal. So eat something in the morning, anything. I know ple

46、nty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last nights leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow, I put away the leftovers instead of eating more th

47、at night. Try ityou may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects. 批注：本篇閱讀理解是一篇科普類文章。隨著科技的進步、社會的開展，人們的生活節(jié)奏也越來越快。為了節(jié)省時間或者是為了保持苗條身材，很多人不吃早餐，然而這樣做是絕對不科學的，尤其對于那些想要減肥的人是極其不利的。1. The word “l(fā)eftovers in Paragraph 1 probably means_. A. food remaining after a m

48、eal B. things left undone C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit 2. What can we infer from the text? A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast. C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. D. Eating vegetables helps save ene

49、rgy. 3. According to the last paragraph, it is important to_. A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat C. heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food 4. The text is written mainly for those_. A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight C. who stay up la

50、te D. who eat before sleep Keys： 1. A；猜測詞義題。從文章最后一段last night可以猜測出leftovers的含義為“剩飯。2.B；推理判斷題。第二段告訴我們很多人有種種借口不吃早餐，第三段開場“but一詞告訴我們這樣做是不對的。3. A；事實細節(jié)題。最后一段第一句話告訴我們：早餐吃什么都可以，但要吃。4. B。主旨大意題。第三段第一句話以及第四段第一句話都提示我們：本文主要寫給那些想減肥的人。BMost bees are brown, hairy and 8 to 22 millimeters long. Bees are a large famil

51、y. Over 25,000 kinds have been found. Among all of them, honey bees are the most common. Honey bees always live in groups called hives 蜂群. Each hive has a queen, drones 雄蜂 and workers 工蜂. Like a human society, each bee in a hive knows its own job. The queen is the largest bee. She doesnt go out to w

52、ork but lays eggs. Sometimes a queen can lay 3,000 eggs in a day. Drones do not collect food from flowers. They are the queens husbands. When theres not much food, drones are often kicked out of the hive. Workers are the smallest and busiest bees. A colony can have 50,000 to 60,000 workers. They collect food for the queen and babies. They guard the hive and help to keep it cool by fanning their wings. A worker only live for 28 to 35 days. To collect a pound of honey about half a kilogramme a