初中中考英語知識點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)總結(jié)(全)

1、初中中考英語知識點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)總結(jié)一.修飾比擬級時常見的錯誤1 . more不可修飾比擬級,但much可以用來增強(qiáng)比擬級,意為的多,更He looks more younger than I. xHe looks much younger than I. 力2 .比擬的對象或范圍出現(xiàn)錯誤.1） The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. x比擬的對象應(yīng)該是上海的天氣,而不是上海The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. V2） China is larger than any cou

2、ntry in Asia.出現(xiàn)了邏輯上的錯誤：中國就是亞洲國家,應(yīng)當(dāng)排除在外.China is larger than any country in Africa.,中國比非洲的任何國家都大.China is larger than any other country in Asia.,中國比亞洲的任何其他的 國家都大.特別提示Than后面接代詞時,一般要用主格,但在口語中也可使用賓格.如果 than后 是一個句子,那么不可使用賓格.He works harder than me.He works harder than I do.二.形容詞的比擬級用于兩者比擬,表本比,更A+ 系動詞 + 形

3、容詞比擬級 +than+ B , e.g. I am two years older than my little sister.A+ 謂語動詞 + 副詞比擬級 +than+ B : e.g. She gets to school earlier than the other students.比擬級+and+比擬級,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示事物本身程度的逐漸增長,意為 越來 越 .eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer.the+比擬級the+比擬級表示一方的程度隨著另一方的程度的增長而增長, 表不越,越.eg. The mort you

4、practice using English , the better youll learn it 你英語 練得越多,就會學(xué)得越好.A十動詞十the+比擬級+of短語比擬范圍,這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示兩者中更的那一個.當(dāng)比擬雙方只出現(xiàn)一方?jīng)]有than及其后面的局部,且句中含 有of the two時,比擬級前要加the.eg. Penny is the taller of the two girls.The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr. Black.表示兩者程度不同的其他方式可用 more than 多于, not more than 不多于,less

5、than 少于,not less than 不少于,less+形容詞 + than不如等.We havent got more than one hour left right now.It is less cold today than it was yesterday.not+比擬級+than與no+比擬級+than這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)的意思完全不同： 前者往往表示“一方不比另一方U ,后者往往表示前者和后者一樣都不 口 ；修飾說明數(shù)量時,前者表示“最多,不比多,后者表示“僅僅,帶有感情色彩.I am not taller than you.我不比你高.I am no taller than y

6、ou. 我和你樣高.My French is not better than yours.My French is no better than yours.She is not more than seven years old.She is no more than seven years old.三.形容詞的最高級最高級是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比擬方式the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句Jack is the tallest student in his class.He is the fastest runner of the three boys.This is

7、the most boring book Ive ever read.one of the+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+表示范圍的短語或從句China is one of the largest countries in the world.用法比擬：介詞in和of引導(dǎo)的短語說明比擬的范圍如果在一定的地域空間內(nèi)進(jìn)行比擬用in;如果在同一類事物范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比擬用of.China is the largest country in Asia.China is the largest one of all the Asian countries.運(yùn)用比擬級表達(dá)最高級的概念：比擬級+than any oth

8、er+名詞單數(shù),比擬級+than the other+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或比擬級+than the rest of +the+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.=Julia is taller than the other girls in her class. = Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.四.表水移動方向的介詞(1)to表示向,往到如：He will drive to Nanjing. 他將開車去南京.from表示自,從,來自如：Where

9、 are you from 你是哪兒人I am from Jiangsu Province.我是江蘇人.(3)up 表示 向上,往上.如：Mr. Smith used a lift to go up and down.史密斯先生乘電梯上下.(4)down表示 向下,沿著往下如：Go down the street then you find the shop.沿著這條街走,你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)那個 商店.round表示環(huán)繞,圍繞如：The students are running round the playground.學(xué)生們正繞著操場跑步.(6)across表示 橫過,穿過,跨過如：A boy wa

10、lked across the park just now.一個男孩岡U才穿過公園.7through表示 通過,穿過空間如：The river ran through the city.那條河從城中流過.8over表示越過,從上邊過去如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座橋.五.相似介詞組辨析1貌似相同的 in front of 與 in the front ofin front of在的前面,指從外部看來一物在另一物的前面.如：There a big tree in front of the building.in the front of在的前面,

11、指從內(nèi)部看來一物在另一物的前部.如：The driver sits in the front of the car.2貌似相同的in time與on timein time意思是及時,指在時間上有提前、剛好的意思,表示正趕上時候或恰在 需要的時候,作表語時常與for sth.或to do sth.連用.如：We rejust in time to catch the bus.on time意思是 按時、準(zhǔn)時,通常指有時間限制,以規(guī)定的時間為界,在規(guī)定 時間內(nèi)即為按時.如： We should get to school on time.The train arrived on time.3貌似

12、相同的beside與besidesbeside表示位置,意思是在的旁邊,與by, at同意.如：There is a big tree beside the house.besides意思是除了 以外,還與except, but同義.如:The girl is studying Japanese besides English.六.but :但是,可是,而He is old , but he looks very young.他老了,但他看起來很年輕.Li Li likes violin but doesnt like piano.李莉喜歡小提琴,但是不喜歡鋼琴.but后面省略了主語Li Li

13、,由于與前面的主語成分相同Mary likes violin , but Tom doesnt.瑪麗喜歡小提琴,而湯姆不喜歡.doesnt后面省略了 like violin,由于與前面的成分相同He isnt a teacher but a doctor.他不是一個老師,而是醫(yī)生.They came here not for money but for the life.他們到這兒來,不是要錢,而是要命.注意：but所連接的句子,句中如果某些成分與前面相同,那么可以省略.七.or ：或,或者,否那么Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.李明是北京人還

14、是上海人呢？1 .根本用法or表示 或的意思,使用于兩者之中選擇一個的時候.Would you like coffee or tea ?你喜歡咖啡還是茶？Tom or I am right.我或者湯姆是對的.Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.李明或者是他的同班同學(xué)在清掃房間.注意：“Aor B作主語時,謂語動詞隨or后面的詞B而定,因此例子中的謂語動詞 服從I,用am.2 .特別用法句型：祈使句,or =If you dont,youll同and一樣,or在祈使句中的用法,譯成 請,否那么,有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思.Hurry up , or

15、youll miss the bus.快點(diǎn)吧,否那么你就會誤了公共汽車.=If you dont hurry up , youll miss the bus.如果你不快點(diǎn),你就會誤了這班車.Study hard , or youll fail in the exam.好好學(xué)吧,否那么你測試就會不及格.=If you dont study hard , youll fail in the exam.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí),你測試就會不及格.注意：or疑問句的讀法or前面的局部用升調(diào),后面的局部用降調(diào).八.副詞和動詞如果主要動詞前有兩個助動詞,修飾整個句子的副詞特別是頻度及肯定副詞要放在兩個助動詞之間,

16、而修飾主要動詞的副詞特別是方式副詞應(yīng)放在這個動詞的前面：a） Tigers have often been discovered in this area .You can never have seen such a beautiful place .He will probably be made President of the Company .He has surely been punished for his offence .He may , unfortunately , be killed by robbers .b） This decision will be publi

17、cly announced .I would have carefully done it , if it had been useful .He must have seriously considered this matter .要使副詞短語盡可能靠近它修飾的動詞：We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capitalyesterday . 不好We went yesterday to - capital. 較好Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant coun

18、try called on me .不好A guest - me yesterday . 較好Immediately , he told me to leave his house . 不好He told me to leave his house immediately . 較好九.冠詞應(yīng)用考點(diǎn)在有些詞組中,有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同,請注意區(qū)別：1 .有些個體名詞 “schooj college , prison , hospital , bed等詞與動詞或介詞連 用時,有無冠詞表示不同含義例：go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital去醫(yī)院并不是去看病,而是有

19、其他目的in hospital 生病住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里at table 進(jìn)餐at the table 在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea 在海邊in front of 在前面in the front of 在范圍內(nèi)的前部2 .兩個形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個不同東西.例：He raises a black and a white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓.3 .如后一個形容詞無冠詞,那么指一物.例：He raises a black and white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只花貓.a teacher and writer 一位教師兼作家一個人a teac

20、her and a writer 一位教師和一位作家兩個人十.辨析基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞運(yùn)用對數(shù)詞的考查不在單純地停留在基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成與用法上了,更多地將 基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞同時用于一道題中,考查我們?nèi)绾握_地判定句子中什么地方 用基數(shù)詞,什么地方用序數(shù)詞.這就要求我們熟練地掌握對基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的 構(gòu)成與用法.下面就2021年的考題來說明怎樣做好這類考題.【典型考例1J2021 四川涼山州There are people in Dale family. They live on the floor.A. five; nineB. fifth; nineC. five; ninthD. fifth; n

21、inth【析】正確答案：Co句意：在戴爾家里有5 口人,他們一家居住在九樓.第一句指的是名詞的數(shù)量, 故用基數(shù)詞；而第二句 居住在九樓,表示的是樓層的順序,故用序數(shù)詞.所以, 此題的正確答案為Co【典型考例2】2021 湖北鄂州 Our country is nearlyyears old. Well celebrate itsbirthday on October 1,2021 around the country.A. seventy, seventyB. seventy, seventiethC. seventieth, seventyD. seventieth, seventieth【

22、析】正確答案：B.句意：我們的國家快70周歲了.我們將在2021年10月1日在全國慶祝她的生日.第一句表示數(shù)量,在結(jié)合被修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式 years可知,故70使 用基數(shù)詞seventy o第二句由于被修飾的名詞birthday為單數(shù)形式,因此這里的 70表示順序,故用序數(shù)詞seventieth o所以,此題的正確答案為 B.十一 .There be 句型的用法1根本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句式：be +done 及物動詞的過去分詞如果是不及物動詞+相應(yīng)的介詞或副詞否認(rèn)句式： be +not +done疑問句式：be動詞情態(tài)動詞放句首被動語態(tài)中的be為助動詞,無意義.be可能是am , is , are

23、也可能是was ,were 或原形be.注：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be的時態(tài)決定的,be是什么時態(tài),全句就是什么時態(tài),be后面的過去分詞不變.eg：1. The song is liked by young people. 肯定句2. The song isn liked by young people. 否認(rèn)句3. Is the song liked by young people?一般疑問句4. Who is the song liked by? = By whom is the song liked?特殊疑問句十二.各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成動詞以do為例：一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的被動形式：am/is /are

24、 done例句:He is asked to do this.一般過去時動詞的被動形式：was/were done例句：The story was told by her mother.一般將來時動詞的被動形式：will /shall be doneIs/are going to例句：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.過去將來時動詞的被動形式：should/would be doneWas/were are going to例句： He said the trees would be planted soon.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時動詞的被動形式：am/is/a

25、re being done例句：The novel is being written.過去進(jìn)行時動詞的被動形式： was/were being done例句： At that time the desk was being made.現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的被動形式：has/have been done例句：The house has been built.過去完成時動詞的被動形式：had been done例句：They said that their work had been finished.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+ done Your homework must be han

26、ded in today.其它幾種特殊句型：It is said that It is well known that It is reported that 例：History is made by the people. 一般現(xiàn)在時The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. 一般過去時The tree will be cut down next year. 般將來時The room must be kept clean.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)The door is being opened.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時The film has been seen by me

27、.現(xiàn)在完成時注：不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的差異主要表達(dá)在助動詞be的變化上,同時助動詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致.2應(yīng)用情況行為的執(zhí)行者不明確或不必說出來.eg: A stranger was killed last night.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者.eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.3被動語態(tài)的用法1 . 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are +及物動詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2 . 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞A

28、 new shop was built last year.3 .現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages.4 . 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be +及物動詞的過去分詞Many more trees will be planted next year.5 .含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be +及物動詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often.6 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / a

29、re + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tomnow.7 .不定式的被動語態(tài)：to + be +及物動詞的過去分詞There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees tobe planted.十三.狀語從句時間狀語從句最?？嫉氖莡ntil,常常和非延續(xù)性動詞組合.其次是結(jié)合進(jìn)行時考察 when/while/as ,再次是結(jié)合主將從現(xiàn)考察 as soon as/whenever.原因狀語從句,主要考

30、察since作為既然的意思.目的狀語從句,考察較少.結(jié)果狀語從句常?？疾靤o.that與such.that的辨析,so+many/few/much/little+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)用用的是so而不是such是一個重要考點(diǎn).條件狀語從句最?？嫉氖莡nless ,相當(dāng)于if not意為除非,如果不.其次結(jié)合 主將從現(xiàn)考察if的用法讓步狀語從句,主要考察句子的讓步關(guān)系引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些：though, although,while, as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+ 疑問詞,疑問詞-ever,般譯為 盡管或即使無論用法如下:1

31、though, although表示雖然,縱然之意.這兩個連詞意思大致相同,在一 般情況下可以互換使用.在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正 式,二者都可與yet, still或never, the less連用,但不能與but連用.例如：Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.他雖然年名己大了,身體還很健壯.值得注意的是,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后.2、as, though表示 雖然但是,縱使之意.as引

32、導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 必須以局部倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的局部可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形, though也可用于這樣白結(jié)構(gòu)中,但 although不可以這樣用.例如：Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步.3、even if, even though 表示 即使,縱使之意,含有一種假設(shè).這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思根本相同.它們常互換使用,但意義有細(xì)微差異.even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,可用

33、來表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),但 不能用來描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí).而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的,即說話人肯定了從句的事實(shí),表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事.例如：We ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad,即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行.4、whether.or.表示 不管是否,不管是還是之意.由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的 意向或結(jié)果.例如：Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.不管你

34、忙不忙,都要參加這個典禮.5、 “nonatter+疑問詞或 疑問詞-ever的含義為都；不管都它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換.例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, hewould not mind.)無論發(fā)生了什么,他都不會介意的.但“nonatter+疑問詞結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而 疑問詞-ever還可以引導(dǎo) 名詞性從句.例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say, Iwon believe you. (Whatever 弓I導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么,我

35、都不會相信你.Ill eat whatever (豐 nonatter what) you give me. (whatever弓 I 導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么.十四.根本句型結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句：只存在一個主謂關(guān)系的句子,即一個主語局部和一個謂語局部組成.并列句：當(dāng)我們需要把幾個意思連在一起時,可用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號或等立連詞或連接副詞把幾 個簡單句連接成一個并列句.它們之間的關(guān)系是同等的.復(fù)合句：當(dāng)一個句子由一個主句和一個從句構(gòu)成時,這就是復(fù)合句.復(fù)合句的主語往往 可以獨(dú)立存在,從句那么只作一個句子成分.句型結(jié)構(gòu)舉例S+V1) The student works very hard.2) She apologized to me again.3) The accident happened yesterday evening.SVP4) This is an English-Chinese dictionary.5) T