最新部編版2020中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題講練動(dòng)詞不定式(含解析)

1、動(dòng)詞不定式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但保留動(dòng)詞的某些特征（如有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等）的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語(yǔ)包括動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)名詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，但要遵循基本的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)規(guī)則，在句中充當(dāng)各種成分。、動(dòng)詞不定式基本構(gòu)成形式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定形式to+動(dòng)詞原形The teacher asked his students to finish their homework on time.老師讓學(xué)生們按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。否定形式not to+動(dòng)詞原形Aunt Li often tells her sonnot to eat too much sugar.李阿姨經(jīng)告誡她的兒子

2、/、要吃太多的糖。被動(dòng)形式to+be+過(guò)去分詞He would like to be treated as a child.他喜歡被當(dāng)成孩子般看待。注意：動(dòng)詞不定式在一些感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear等）或使役動(dòng)詞（make, let, have等）的后面，做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，通常會(huì)省略 to,如:The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.這個(gè)老板讓我一天工作十個(gè)小時(shí)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)(即除謂語(yǔ)之外

3、的各種成分) 。1. 不定式作主語(yǔ)1) . 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，如：To make work more efficient is our goal.讓工作更有效率是我們的目標(biāo)。2) . 不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了考慮句子的平衡，常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的不定式主語(yǔ)放在句子后面，結(jié)構(gòu)為： It+is/ was+adj. (+for sb.)+ 動(dòng)詞不定式，如上一句話(huà)也可寫(xiě)成：It s our goal to make work efficient.我們的目標(biāo)是讓工作更有效率。It s very important for us to learn E

4、nglish well.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1) . 動(dòng)詞不定式跟在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)， 這種形式非常常見(jiàn)， 就是我們平時(shí)積累的一些動(dòng)詞后面跟to do 形式，如：I have decided to study hard.我已經(jīng)決定要刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： begin, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget,hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend,promise, refuse, try, want

5、, wish, determine, afford, agree, start, like等。2) . 在 find ， think 后跟不定式時(shí)，常用 it 代替，而將真正賓語(yǔ)，即不定式放在后面，如：I find it not easy to achieve ones goal.我發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的目標(biāo)并不容易。3) .有些不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to會(huì)省略，直接跟動(dòng)詞原形，這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)有：Whynot do, Why don' t you do ，had better (not) do ，would rather do 等，如：I would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家

6、里。3. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1) . 不定式賓補(bǔ)很常見(jiàn)， 結(jié)構(gòu)為： 動(dòng)詞 +sb. to do sth, 這樣的動(dòng)詞有： tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage等，如：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.老師建議我們先休息一下。2) . see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以后(即不定式作主補(bǔ)時(shí))要帶to ，如：My mom made me clean the house.=I wa

7、s made to clean the house by my mom.我媽媽讓我把房間打掃干凈。注意：help (幫助)后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to ,也可不帶to ,即help sb.(to)dosth. ，如：He often helps his parents (to) do their housework.他經(jīng)常幫助他父母做家務(wù)。4. 不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式有時(shí)起形容詞作用，修飾名詞， 代詞， 在句中作定語(yǔ)。 不定式作定語(yǔ)位于所修飾的名詞，代詞之后，如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?昨天誰(shuí)第一個(gè)

8、登上了山頂？He is the man to depend on/to believe in.他是一個(gè)值得信賴(lài)/ 相信的人。5. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式放在不及物動(dòng)詞后可表目的或原因狀語(yǔ)，也可以放在一些形容詞后。1) . 目的狀語(yǔ)：She reads China Daily every day to improve her English.她每天都讀中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)，來(lái)提高自己的英語(yǔ)能力。2) . 原因狀語(yǔ)：1 m glad to see you.很高興見(jiàn)到你。注：這種“be +形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其不定式有時(shí)也可視為賓語(yǔ)，如：Heis eagerto go to college./ She is su

9、re to come here.3) . 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：They lived to see the liberation of their hometown.他們一直活到見(jiàn)到家鄉(xiāng)解放。.在“too - to”結(jié)構(gòu)中表“太結(jié)果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work. 他太過(guò)虛弱，以至于不能工作。注： too 之前如果有only, only too 表“非常” 、 “很”意，此時(shí)不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如： They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit.他們很幸運(yùn)去國(guó)外訪問(wèn)。另外， too 后如果是 happy

10、, glad 之類(lèi)形容詞時(shí)，不定式也表肯定意，如： She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.(2) .在“形容詞/副詞+ enough +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表“足以能”，如：He is strong enough to do the work . 他足以勝任此項(xiàng)工作。6. 疑問(wèn)詞不定式不定式可以和疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which及疑問(wèn)副詞 when, how, where連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主語(yǔ)）如

11、何按時(shí)完成任務(wù)是個(gè)問(wèn)題。We don' t know when and where to go.（賓語(yǔ)）我們不知道何時(shí)出發(fā)，也不知道要去哪。八迨三點(diǎn)剖析一、重點(diǎn)：不定式的形式變化，不定式的語(yǔ)法功能。二、難點(diǎn)：不定式在句子中充當(dāng)不同成分時(shí)的規(guī)則和例外。中考階段主要考查不定式的使用，還要求考生掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)以及疑問(wèn)連用結(jié)構(gòu)，理解動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的基本用法?？荚囍卸嘁詣?dòng)詞之后跟to do還是doing的形式出現(xiàn)，所以理解的同時(shí)，積累一些固定搭配也是本節(jié)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)必不可少的。三、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1 .形式主語(yǔ)的使用在It+is/was+adj. for sb. to do的結(jié)構(gòu)中

12、，若形容詞為表示人的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)，則介詞不用for而用of ,如：It ' s very clever of you to do like that.你那么做真是太聰明了。（正確）It ' s very kind for you to help me.你能幫我真是太好了。（錯(cuò)誤）2 .使役動(dòng)詞省略to的不定式的被動(dòng)形式一些使役動(dòng)詞的不定式中to可省略，被動(dòng)需還原，如：I was made to finishmy homework on time by my teacher.（正確）I was made finish my homework on time by my teacher

13、.（錯(cuò)誤）老師讓我按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。Q貸題模精選題模一：動(dòng)詞不定式基本應(yīng)用例 1.1.1 In order up early this morning. A.not to be lateC.to be latefor the meeting, my sister forced herself to getB.not being lateD.being late例1.1.2 用動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。The teacher raised his voice so that he could make students him clearly. (hear)例 1.1.3 I didn ' t se

14、e you last week. I had a bad cold. The doctor asked me at home for a week.A.stayB.stayingC.stayedD.to stay題模二：動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法功能例 1.2.1 To climb the tall trees very dangerous.A.areB.isC.wereD.was例 1.2.2 He wants some vegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.to buyD.buys例 1.2.3 So much work usually makes them very tired.A.t

15、o feelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel例 1.2.4-Do you know Neil Armstrong?-Yes. He is the first man on the moon.A.walkC.to walk例 1.2.5 Whynot your it by yourself?A.ask; writeC.ask; writing例1.2.6用動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空。我想知道要去哪？I want to knowB.walksD.walkedteacher for help when you can't finish B.to ask; writingD.asking;

16、write. (go)A.C.隨練1.1 build to buildThe new hospitalis near the factory.B.buildsD.to be built隨堂練習(xí)隨練 1.2 It ' s our duty the room every day.A.to cleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans隨練 1.3 We have two rooms, but I can ' t decideA. to live; to choose which oneB. lived; choose which oneC. to live in; wh

17、ich one to chooseD. live; which one隨練 1.4 We saw him the building and go upstairs.A.to enterB.enterC.enteringD.entered隨練 1.5 My parents always tell me more vegetables and fruit.A.eatB.eatingC.eatsD.to eat隨練1.6用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I hope(find) a good job in a foreign company after I graduate fromschool.2. F

18、ather asks me(not play) computer games before finishing my homework.3. He found it hard(catch up with) his classmates.4. Let him(have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.5. All the childrenlike Mr. White very much because he often makes them(laugh).自我總結(jié)已課后作業(yè)作業(yè) 1 It took me two week

19、s reading the novels written by GuoJingming.A.finishB.to finishC.finishesD.finishing作業(yè) 2 This question is too difficult. I find it really hard it bymyself.A.answerB.answeringC.to answerD.answered作業(yè) 3 Boys and girls, attention please. Now let me tell you to theBird Island.A.how to getB.what to getC.w

20、hom to getD.where to get作業(yè) 4 The students in Grade Three their homework for more than three hours every day, so they have any time to watch TV.A. were made to do; hardlyB. are made to do; hardlyC. were made do; hardlyD. are made do; hardlyA.discuss作業(yè) 5 Our teacher often asks us questions in groups.8

21、. to discussC.discussingD.discussed作業(yè)6用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I was tired out, so I stopped the car(have) a short rest.2. Let ' s(go) for a walk, shall we?3. -Excuse me, could you tell me how(get) to the Beijing Zoo?-Well, you may take Bus No.27.4. It is impossible for you(teach) her well.5. The boy found i

22、t hard (get along with) the other classmates.答案解析人迨題模精選題模一：動(dòng)詞不定式基本應(yīng)用例 1.1.1【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式的否定表達(dá)。句意：為了開(kāi)會(huì)不遲到， 我姐姐迫使自己今天早晨很早起床。不定式否定直接在to前加not,故選Ao例 1.1.2【答案】hear【解析】考查使役動(dòng)詞省略to的不定式表達(dá)。句意：老師提高了他的嗓音以便學(xué)生們能夠清楚地聽(tīng)到他。使役動(dòng)詞后為省略to的不定式，故填原形 hear。例 1.1.3【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞固定搭配。Ask sb. to do sth. 。題模二：動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法功能例 1.2.1【答案

23、】B【解析】考查不定式作主語(yǔ)。不定式作主語(yǔ)視為單數(shù)，排除AC;這是對(duì)事實(shí)陳述，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選 B。例 1.2.2【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。want后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)構(gòu)為 want to do sth.,意為“想去做某事"，故選Q例 1.2.3【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。make為使役動(dòng)詞，后接不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)省略to,故選D。例 1.2.4【答案】C【解析】考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。He is the first man to walk on the moon 意為"第一個(gè)在月球上行走的人”，動(dòng)詞修飾名詞需要用不定式形式，跟在名詞之后，故選Co例 1.2

24、.5【答案】C【解析】考查疑問(wèn)詞+不定式。why not后跟不定式省略to ,排除BD； finish 后跟doing 做賓語(yǔ)，即 finish doing sth .,故選 C。例 1.2.6【答案】where to go【解析】考查“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意，所以填 where to go 。人;e隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】D可知醫(yī)院與【解析】 考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意：要建的新醫(yī)院在這個(gè)工廠附近。建造之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式被動(dòng)在to 后加 be done ，故選D。隨練 1.2【答案】 A【解析】 考查不定式作主語(yǔ)。本句涉及形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是句子后面的不定式，故選A。隨練1.

25、3【答案】 C【解析】 考查不定式作定語(yǔ)和疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。第一空作定語(yǔ)，要用不定式，且live 為不及物動(dòng)詞，需要加介詞 in 鏈接賓語(yǔ)；第二空符合疑問(wèn)詞+不定式，故選C。隨練 1.4【答案】 B【解析】考查不定式作賓補(bǔ)。本句中動(dòng)詞為see,為感官動(dòng)詞，不定式賓補(bǔ)省略，構(gòu)成 see sb. do sth. 看見(jiàn)某人做某事，故選B。隨練 1.5【答案】 D【解析】 動(dòng)詞搭配， tell sb. to do 。隨練 1.6【答案】 1. to find2. not to play3. to catch up with4. have5. laugh6. 析】 1. 考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成hope to do sth. 希望做某事，所以填 to find 。7. 考查不定式作賓補(bǔ)，構(gòu)成ask sb. not to do sth. ，故填 not to play 。8. 考查不定式作形式賓語(yǔ)。本句涉及it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成 find it+adj.+to do sth. ，故填 to catc