陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)論文陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)不同植被類型群落結(jié)構(gòu)和土壤性質(zhì)研究

1、陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)論文：陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)不同植被類型群落結(jié)構(gòu)和土壤性質(zhì)研究【中文摘要】本研究通過對(duì)陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)安塞縣紙坊溝流域不同立地條件刺槐群落、沙棘群落、檸條群落、達(dá)烏里胡枝子群落、蘆葦群落、冰草群落、茵陳蒿群落、沙打旺群落進(jìn)行群落結(jié)構(gòu)和土壤含水量、養(yǎng)分、酶的綜合研究分析,得出主要結(jié)論如下:(1)本研究所涉及到的植物群落組成主要以雙子葉植物為主,其次是單子葉植物。雙子葉植物主要集中在薔薇科、菊科和豆科,而單子葉植物主要集中在禾本科。因此薔薇科、菊科、豆科和禾本科植物在該區(qū)的植物區(qū)系中占有重要的地位。其中刺槐群落主要由薔薇科和菊科植物組成,沙棘群落、檸條群落、達(dá)烏里胡枝子群落、茵陳蒿群落、冰草群

2、落、沙打旺群落、蘆葦群落主要由菊科和豆科植物組成。(2)在刺槐群落中,不同坡向群落均勻度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)、生態(tài)優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)差異性達(dá)到了顯著水平(p沙棘群落>檸條群落,多樣性指數(shù)表現(xiàn)為沙棘群落>檸條群落>達(dá)烏里胡枝子群落;在四種草本群落中,蘆葦、沙打旺群落與茵陳蒿群落豐富度指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)存在顯著差異(p冰草群落>沙打旺群落>蘆葦群落。(3)不同植物群落土壤含水量空間變異表現(xiàn)為:不同立地條件的刺槐群落,在土層深度大于100cm時(shí),陰坡群落土壤含水量大于陽坡群落;在土層深度大于120cm時(shí),土壤含水量隨著林齡的增長(zhǎng)而增大;三種灌木群落在土層深度為0-260cm時(shí),土壤含

3、水量變化幅度較大,且沙棘群落土壤含水量均低于其它群落;在土層深度為0-140cm時(shí),檸條群落土壤含水量較高,而在土壤深層,達(dá)烏里胡枝子群落土壤含水量較高;幾種草本群落土壤含水量表現(xiàn)為:蘆葦群落土壤含水量相對(duì)較高,而茵陳蒿群落土壤含水量相對(duì)較低,但在土層深度為150cm以下,沙打旺群落土壤含水量均低于其它群落。(4)依據(jù)黃土高原地區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)不同群落土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮,速效氮、速效鉀、速效磷統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明,該區(qū)這幾種養(yǎng)分總體處于低水平。其中只有刺槐群落在土層深度為0-10cm時(shí),有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效鉀含量屬于較高水平,而速效氮、速效磷含量以及灌木、草本群落土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮,速效氮、速效鉀、

4、速效磷含量都屬于低水平,有的甚至達(dá)到了極低水平。并且在土層深度為20cm以下時(shí),所有群落速效鉀、速效磷含量差異沒有達(dá)到顯著水平(p>0.05)。不同植被類型的群落對(duì)養(yǎng)分都具有表聚性效應(yīng)。并且養(yǎng)分含量總體上表現(xiàn)為:喬木>灌木>草本,但達(dá)烏里胡枝子群落土壤養(yǎng)分含量不僅低于檸條、沙棘群落也低于蘆葦、沙打旺群落。(5)該區(qū)不同植被類型群落對(duì)土壤酶具有表聚性效應(yīng),并且酶活性總體上表現(xiàn)為:喬木>灌木、草本。在刺槐群落中,可以說明坡向、林齡都是影響土壤脲酶、過氧化氫酶活性的因子,而坡向是影響蔗糖酶活性的因子,林齡是影響淀粉酶活性的因子。(6)該區(qū)不同植被類型群落土壤pH值的變化范圍較

5、小,并偏堿性,且隨著土層深度的增加pH值呈增大趨勢(shì),且不同坡向pH值存在顯著差異(p<0.05)。(7)通過對(duì)土壤因子間的相關(guān)分析得出,在不同植被群落中,土壤pH值與酶活性呈不同程度的負(fù)相關(guān)(p<0.05);土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)與酶活性呈顯著正相關(guān)(p<0.05),其中與堿性磷酸酶相關(guān)性達(dá)到了極顯著水平(p<0.01);全氮與堿性磷酸酶活性也呈極顯著正相關(guān)(p<0.01),并且速效氮、全氮與脲酶的相關(guān)性都達(dá)到了顯著水平(p<0.05)。(8)在刺槐群落中,土壤含水量、土壤養(yǎng)分、土壤酶活性與均勻度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)、生態(tài)優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)均隨著刺槐林齡的增長(zhǎng)而增大。在灌木群落中,

6、豐富度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)與土壤養(yǎng)分、酶活性表現(xiàn)出一致的變化規(guī)律。在草本群落中,土壤含水量、養(yǎng)分含量、酶活性與群落豐富度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)表現(xiàn)出一致的變化規(guī)律?！居⑽恼縏his study is a comprehensive research and analysis in community structure and soil moisture,nutrients,enzymes of locust communities in different site conditions,as well as sea buckthorn,Caragana,Lespedeza bicol

7、or,reeds,Agropyron,Artemisia and adsurgens community in Ansai County in the Hilly Area.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) There are different vegetation communities in the area,and mainly dicotyledonous plants.In locust tree,Rosaceae and Compositae are of which the major plants. Dicotyledon mai

8、nly in Rosaceae, Compositae and Leguminosae, and monocots, mainly concentrated in the grass. Therefore, Rosaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae flora in the area plays an important role. Locust community which mainly composed of the rose family, and Compositae, seabuckthorn communities, Cara

9、gana community, Lespedeza bicolor community, Artemisia community, wheatgrass community adsurgens community, mainly by Phragmites australis and beans Asteraceae Branch plants.(2) In the community of Robinia, the Pielous index, Diversity index, Ecological dominance index of different slopes community

10、difference achieved significant level(p 0.05). Different types of vegetation communities on nutrient accumulation effect has the table. And overall nutrient content as follows: that of tree is more than that of shrub,and that of herb is lowest, the soil nutrient of Lespedeza bicolor community is low

11、est.(5) The different vegetation types community on the soil enzyme have table effect, and the enzyme activity trees is more active than that of shrubs, herb. In the community in Robinia, show that slopes, plantation age are affected soil urease, catalase activity of factors, Slopes are the factors

12、of affect sucrase activity, forest age is influence factors of amylase activity.(6) The different vegetation types of soil pH change in a small range, and partial basic. Different slopes pH value has significant difference(p<0.05).(7) Based on the relationship between soil factor analysis, in the

13、 different vegetation community,soil pH value and enzyme activity are different degree of negatively correlated(p<0.05); Soil organic matter and enzyme activity positively correlated (p<0.05),with alkaline phosphatase which reached significant correlation(p<0.01); Total N and alkaline phosp

14、hatase activities also has significant positive correlation(p<0.01), available nitrogen, total nitrogen and urease correlation reached significant level(p<0.05). (8) In the community of Robinia, soil water,soil nutrients,soil enzymes activity and the Pielous index, Diversity index, Ecological

15、dominance index as the growth of robinia plantation age and increased. In the community of bush, the Margalefs index ,Diversity index and soil nutrients,soil enzymes activity showed consistent change rule. In the community of herbaceous, soil water, nutrient content,soil enzymes activity and the Mar

16、galefs index ,Diversity index, Pielous index showed consistent change rule.【關(guān)鍵詞】陜北黃土丘陵區(qū) 不同植被類型群落結(jié)構(gòu) 土壤含水量 土壤養(yǎng)分 土壤酶【英文關(guān)鍵詞】loess hilly and gully regions of northern Shaanxi different vegetation types community structure soil water soil nutrient soil enzyme activities【目錄】陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)不同植被類型群落結(jié)構(gòu)和土壤性質(zhì)研究 摘要 5-7

17、ABSTRACT 7-9 第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 13-18 1.1 選題依據(jù)、目的及意義 13 1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展 13-18 1.2.1 土壤養(yǎng)分研究 13-14 1.2.2 土壤水分研究 14-16 1.2.3 土壤酶研究 16-17 1.2.4 植物群落組成與群落物種多樣性研究 17-18 第二章 研究區(qū)概況及研究?jī)?nèi)容與方法 18-21 2.1 研究區(qū)概況 18 2.2 研究?jī)?nèi)容 18 2.3 研究方法 18-19 2.3.1 野外調(diào)查 18-19 2.3.2 土壤含水量測(cè)定與土壤樣品的采集 19 2.3.3 室內(nèi)處理分析 19 2.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理 19-21 第三章 陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)刺槐群

18、落結(jié)構(gòu)與土壤性質(zhì)研究 21-39 3.1 刺槐群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征 21-23 3.1.1 刺槐群落物種組成 21-23 3.1.2 刺槐群落物種多樣性 23 3.2 刺槐群落土壤含水量空間變異 23-24 3.2.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤含水量空間變異 23-24 3.2.2 不同林齡刺槐群落土壤含水量空間變異 24 3.3 刺槐群落土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異 24-29 3.3.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異 26-28 3.3.2 不同林齡刺槐群落土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異 28-29 3.4 刺槐群落土壤pH 值空間變異 29-30 3.4.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤pH 值空間變異 29-30 3.4.2

19、不同林齡刺槐群落土壤pH 值空間變異 30 3.5 刺槐群落土壤酶活性空間變異 30-35 3.5.1 不同坡向刺槐群落土壤酶活性空間變異 30-33 3.5.2 不同林齡刺槐群落土壤酶活性空間變異 33-35 3.6 土壤性質(zhì)間相關(guān)性分析 35-37 3.7 小結(jié) 37-39 第四章 陜北黃土丘陵區(qū)幾種灌木、半灌木群落結(jié)構(gòu)與土壤性質(zhì)研究 39-54 4.1 幾種灌木、半灌木群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征 39-41 4.1.1 幾種灌木、半灌木群落物種組成 39-41 4.1.2 幾種灌木、半灌木群落物種多樣性 41 4.2 幾種灌木、半灌木群落土壤含水量空間變異 41-42 4.3 幾種灌木、半灌木群落土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異 42-46 4.3.1 土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮空間變異 44 4.3.2 土壤速效鉀空間變異 44-45 4.3.3 土壤速效磷空間變異 45 4.3.4 土壤速效氮空間變異 45-46 4.4 幾種灌木、半灌木群落土壤