英語演講稿：用肢體語言來塑造自己

1、英語演講稿：用肢體語言來塑造自己肢體語言影響著他人對我們的看法，但同時它也影響著我們對自己的看法。我們?nèi)绾斡糜弥w語言來塑造自己，我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)英語演講稿：用肢體語言來塑造自己，僅供參考！英語演講稿：用肢體語言來塑造自己SoIwanttostartbyofferingyouafreeno-techlifehack,andallitrequiresofyouisthis:thatyouchangeyourposturefortwominutes.ButbeforeIgiveitaway,Iwanttoaskyoutorightnowdoalittleauditofyourbodyandwhaty

2、ou'redoingwithyourbody.Sohowmanyofyouaresortofmakingyourselvessmaller?Maybeyou'rehunching,crossingyourlegs,maybewrappingyourankles.Sometimesweholdontoourarmslikethis.Sometimeswespreadout.(Laughter)Iseeyou.(Laughter)SoIwantyoutopayattentiontowhatyou'redoingrightnow.We'regoingtoebackto

3、thatinafewminutes,andI'mhopingthatifyoulearntotweakthisalittlebit,itcouldsignificantlychangethewayyourlifeunfolds.So,we'rereallyfascinatedwithbodylanguage,andwe'reparticularlyinterestedinotherpeople'sbodylanguage.Youknow,we'reinterestedin,like,youknow(Laughter)anawkwardinteractio

4、n,orasmile,oracontemptuousglance,ormaybeaveryawkwardwink,ormaybeevensomethinglikeahandshake.Narrator:HeretheyarearrivingatNumber10,andlookatthisluckypolicemangetstoshakehandswiththePresidentoftheUnitedStates.Oh,andhereesthePrimeMinisterofthe?No.(Laughter)(Applause)(Laughter)(Applause)AmyCuddy:Soahan

5、dshake,orthelackofahandshake,canhaveustalkingforweeksandweeksandweeks.EventheBBCandTheNewYorkTimes.Soobviouslywhenwethinkaboutnonverbalbehavior,orbodylanguage-butwecallitnonverbalsassocialscientists-it'slanguage,sowethinkaboutmunication.Whenwethinkaboutmunication,wethinkaboutinteractions.Sowhati

6、syourbodylanguagemunicatingtome?What'sminemunicatingtoyou?Andthere'salotofreasontobelievethatthisisavalidwaytolookatthis.Sosocialscientistshavespentalotoftimelookingattheeffectsofourbodylanguage,orotherpeople'sbodylanguage,onjudgments.Andwemakesweepingjudgmentsandinferencesfrombodylangua

7、ge.Andthosejudgmentscanpredictreallymeaningfullifeouteslikewhowehireorpromote,whoweaskoutonadate.Forexample,NaliniAmbady,aresearcheratTuftsUniversity,showsthatwhenpeoplewatch30-secondsoundlessclipsofrealphysician-patientinteractions,theirjudgmentsofthephysician'snicenesspredictwhetherornotthatph

8、ysicianwillbesued.Soitdoesn'thavetodosomuchwithwhetherornotthatphysicianwasinpetent,butdowelikethatpersonandhowtheyinteracted?Evenmoredramatic,AlexTodorovatPrincetonhasshownusthatjudgmentsofpoliticalcandidates'facesinjustonesecondpredict70percentof.Senateandgubernatorialraceoutes,andeven,let

9、'sgodigital,emoticonsusedwellinonlinenegotiationscanleadtoyouclaimmorevaluefromthatnegotiation.Ifyouusethempoorly,badidea.Right?Sowhenwethinkofnonverbals,wethinkofhowwejudgeothers,howtheyjudgeusandwhattheoutesare.Wetendtoforget,though,theotheraudiencethat'sinfluencedbyournonverbals,andthat&#

10、39;sourselves.Wearealsoinfluencedbyournonverbals,ourthoughtsandourfeelingsandourphysiology.SowhatnonverbalsamItalkingabout?I'masocialpsychologist.Istudyprejudice,andIteachatapetitivebusinessschool,soitwasinevitablethatIwouldbeeinterestedinpowerdynamics.Ibecameespeciallyinterestedinnonverbalexpre

11、ssionsofpoweranddominance.Andwhatarenonverbalexpressionsofpoweranddominance?Well,thisiswhattheyare.Sointheanimalkingdom,theyareaboutexpanding.Soyoumakeyourselfbig,youstretchout,youtakeupspace,you'rebasicallyopeningup.It'saboutopeningup.Andthisistrueacrosstheanimalkingdom.It'snotjustlimit

12、edtoprimates.Andhumansdothesamething.(Laughter)Sotheydothisbothwhentheyhavepowersortofchronically,andalsowhenthey'refeelingpowerfulinthemoment.Andthisoneisespeciallyinterestingbecauseitreallyshowsushowuniversalandoldtheseexpressionsofpowerare.Thisexpression,whichisknownaspride,JessicaTracyhasstu

13、died.Sheshowsthatpeoplewhoarebornwithsightandpeoplewhoarecongenitallyblinddothiswhentheywinataphysicalpetition.Sowhentheycrossthefinishlineandthey'vewon,itdoesn'tmatterifthey'veneverseenanyonedoit.Theydothis.SothearmsupintheV,thechinisslightlylifted.Whatdowedowhenwefeelpowerless?Wedoexac

14、tlytheopposite.Wecloseup.Wewrapourselvesup.Wemakeourselvessmall.Wedon'twanttobumpintothepersonnexttous.Soagain,bothanimalsandhumansdothesamething.Andthisiswhathappenswhenyouputtogetherhighandlowpower.Sowhatwetendtodowhenitestopoweristhatweplementtheother'snonverbals.Soifsomeoneisbeingreallyp

15、owerfulwithus,wetendtomakeourselvessmaller.Wedon'tmirrorthem.Wedotheoppositeofthem.SoI'mwatchingthisbehaviorintheclassroom,andwhatdoInotice?InoticethatMBAstudentsreallyexhibitthefullrangeofpowernonverbals.Soyouhavepeoplewhoarelikecaricaturesofalphas,reallyingintotheroom,theygetrightintothemi

16、ddleoftheroombeforeclassevenstarts,liketheyreallywanttooccupyspace.Whentheysitdown,they'resortofspreadout.Theyraisetheirhandslikethis.Youhaveotherpeoplewhoarevirtuallycollapsingwhentheyein.Assoontheyein,youseeit.Youseeitontheirfacesandtheirbodies,andtheysitintheirchairandtheymakethemselvestiny,a

17、ndtheygolikethiswhentheyraisetheirhand.Inoticeacoupleofthingsaboutthis.One,you'renotgoingtobesurprised.Itseemstoberelatedtogender.Sowomenaremuchmorelikelytodothiskindofthingthanmen.Womenfeelchronicallylesspowerfulthanmen,sothisisnotsurprising.ButtheotherthingInoticedisthatitalsoseemedtoberelated

18、totheextenttowhichthestudentswereparticipating,andhowwelltheywereparticipating.AndthisisreallyimportantintheMBAclassroom,becauseparticipationcountsforhalfthegrade.Sobusinessschoolshavebeenstrugglingwiththisgendergradegap.Yougettheseequallyqualifiedwomenandmeninginandthenyougetthesedifferencesingrade

19、s,anditseemstobepartlyattributabletoparticipation.SoIstartedtowonder,youknow,okay,soyouhavethesepeopleinginlikethis,andthey'reparticipating.Isitpossiblethatwecouldgetpeopletofakeitandwoulditleadthemtoparticipatemore?SomymaincollaboratorDanaCarney,who'satBerkeley,andIreallywantedtoknow,canyou

20、fakeittillyoumakeit?Like,canyoudothisjustforalittlewhileandactuallyexperienceabehavioraloutethatmakesyouseemmorepowerful?Soweknowthatournonverbalsgovernhowotherpeoplethinkandfeelaboutus.There'salotofevidence.Butourquestionreallywas,doournonverbalsgovernhowwethinkandfeelaboutourselves?There's

21、someevidencethattheydo.So,forexample,wesmilewhenwefeelhappy,butalso,whenwe'reforcedtosmilebyholdingapeninourteethlikethis,itmakesusfeelhappy.Soitgoesbothways.Whenitestopower,italsogoesbothways.Sowhenyoufeelpowerful,you'remorelikelytodothis,butit'salsopossiblethatwhenyoupretendtobepowerfu

22、l,youaremorelikelytoactuallyfeelpowerful.Sothesecondquestionreallywas,youknow,soweknowthatourmindschangeourbodies,butisitalsotruethatourbodieschangeourminds?AndwhenIsayminds,inthecaseofthepowerful,whatamItalkingabout?SoI'mtalkingaboutthoughtsandfeelingsandthesortofphysiologicalthingsthatmakeupou

23、rthoughtsandfeelings,andinmycase,that'shormones.Ilookathormones.Sowhatdothemindsofthepowerfulversusthepowerlesslooklike?Sopowerfulpeopletendtobe,notsurprisingly,moreassertiveandmoreconfident,moreoptimistic.Theyactuallyfeelthatthey'regoingtowinevenatgamesofchance.Theyalsotendtobeabletothinkmo

24、reabstractly.Sotherearealotofdifferences.Theytakemorerisks.Therearealotofdifferencesbetweenpowerfulandpowerlesspeople.Physiologically,therealsoaredifferencesontwokeyhormones:testosterone,whichisthedominancehormone,andcortisol,whichisthestresshormone.Sowhatwefindisthathigh-poweralphamalesinprimatehie

25、rarchieshavehightestosteroneandlowcortisol,andpowerfulandeffectiveleadersalsohavehightestosteroneandlowcortisol.Sowhatdoesthatmean?Whenyouthinkaboutpower,peopletendedtothinkonlyabouttestosterone,becausethatwasaboutdominance.Butreally,powerisalsoabouthowyoureacttostress.Sodoyouwantthehigh-powerleader

26、that'sdominant,highontestosterone,butreallystressreactive?Probablynot,right?Youwantthepersonwho'spowerfulandassertiveanddominant,butnotverystressreactive,thepersonwho'slaidback.Soweknowthatinprimatehierarchies,ifanalphaneedstotakeover,ifaninpidualneedstotakeoveranalpharolesortofsuddenly,

27、withinafewdays,thatinpidual'stestosteronehasgoneupsignificantlyandhiscortisolhasdroppedsignificantly.Sowehavethisevidence,boththatthebodycanshapethemind,atleastatthefaciallevel,andalsothatrolechangescanshapethemind.Sowhathappens,okay,youtakearolechange,whathappensifyoudothatatareallyminimallevel

28、,likethistinymanipulation,thistinyintervention?Fortwominutes,yousay,Iwantyoutostandlikethis,anditsgoingtomakeyoufeelmorepowerful.Sothisiswhatwedid.Wedecidedtobringpeopleintothelabandrunalittleexperiment,andthesepeopleadopted,fortwominutes,eitherhigh-powerposesorlow-powerposes,andI'mjustgoingtosh

29、owyoufiveoftheposes,althoughtheytookononlytwo.Sohere'sone.Acouplemore.ThisonehasbeendubbedtheWonderWomanbythemedia.Hereareacouplemore.Soyoucanbestandingoryoucanbesitting.Andherearethelow-powerposes.Soyou'refoldingup,you'remakingyourselfsmall.Thisoneisverylow-power.Whenyou'retouchingy

30、ourneck,you'rereallyprotectingyourself.Sothisiswhathappens.Theyein,theyspitintoavial,wefortwominutessay,Youneedtodothisorthis.Theydon'tlookatpicturesoftheposes.Wedon'twanttoprimethemwithaconceptofpower.Wewantthemtobefeelingpower,right?Sotwominutestheydothis.Wethenaskthem,Howpowerfuldoyou

31、feel?onaseriesofitems,andthenwegivethemanopportunitytogamble,andthenwetakeanothersalivasample.That'sit.That'sthewholeexperiment.Sothisiswhatwefind.Risktolerance,whichisthegambling,whatwefindisthatwhenyou'reinthehigh-powerposecondition,86percentofyouwillgamble.Whenyoureinthelow-powerposec

32、ondition,only60percent,andthat'saprettywhoppingsignificantdifference.Here'swhatwefindontestosterone.Fromtheirbaselinewhentheyein,high-powerpeopleexperienceabouta20-percentincrease,andlow-powerpeopleexperienceabouta10-percentdecrease.Soagain,twominutes,andyougetthesechanges.Here'swhatyoug

33、etoncortisol.High-powerpeopleexperienceabouta25-percentdecrease,andthelow-powerpeopleexperienceabouta15-percentincrease.Sotwominutesleadtothesehormonalchangesthatconfigureyourbraintobasicallybeeitherassertive,confidentandfortable,orreallystress-reactive,and,youknow,feelingsortofshutdown.Andwe've

34、allhadthefeeling,right?Soitseemsthatournonverbalsdogovernhowwethinkandfeelaboutourselves,soit'snotjustothers,butit'salsoourselves.Also,ourbodieschangeourminds.Butthenextquestion,ofcourse,iscanpowerposingforafewminutesreallychangeyourlifeinmeaningfulways?Sothisisinthelab.It'sthislittletas

35、k,youknow,it'sjustacoupleofminutes.Wherecanyouactuallyapplythis?Whichwecaredabout,ofcourse.Andsowethinkit'sreally,whatmatters,Imean,whereyouwanttousethisisevaluativesituationslikesocialthreatsituations.Whereareyoubeingevaluated,eitherbyyourfriends?Likeforteenagersit'satthelunchroomtable.

36、Itcouldbe,youknow,forsomepeopleit'sspeakingataschoolboardmeeting.Itmightbegivingapitchorgivingatalklikethisordoingajobinterview.Wedecidedthattheonethatmostpeoplecouldrelatetobecausemostpeoplehadbeenthroughwasthejobinterview.Sowepublishedthesefindings,andthemediaarealloverit,andtheysay,Okay,sothi

37、siswhatyoudowhenyougoinforthejobinterview,right?(Laughter)Youknow,sowewereofcoursehorrified,andsaid,OhmyGod,no,no,no,that'snotwhatwemeantatall.Fornumerousreasons,no,no,no,don'tdothat.Again,thisisnotaboutyoutalkingtootherpeople.It'syoutalkingtoyourself.Whatdoyoudobeforeyougointoajobinterv

38、iew?Youdothis.Right?You'resittingdown.You'relookingatyouriPhone-oryourAndroid,nottryingtoleaveanyoneout.Youare,youknow,you'relookingatyournotes,you'rehunchingup,makingyourselfsmall,whenreallywhatyoushouldbedoingmaybeisthis,like,inthebathroom,right?Dothat.Findtwominutes.Sothat'swh

39、atwewanttotest.Okay?Sowebringpeopleintoalab,andtheydoeitherhigh-orlow-powerposesagain,theygothroughaverystressfuljobinterview.It'sfiveminuteslong.Theyarebeingrecorded.They'rebeingjudgedalso,andthejudgesaretrainedtogivenononverbalfeedback,sotheylooklikethis.Like,imaginethisisthepersonintervie

40、wingyou.Soforfiveminutes,nothing,andthisisworsethanbeingheckled.Peoplehatethis.It'swhatMarianneLaFrancecallsstandinginsocialquicksand.Sothisreallyspikesyourcortisol.Sothisisthejobinterviewweputthemthrough,becausewereallywantedtoseewhathappened.Wethenhavethesecoderslookatthesetapes,fourofthem.The

41、y'reblindtothehypothesis.They'reblindtotheconditions.Theyhavenoideawho'sbeenposinginwhatpose,andtheyenduplookingatthesesetsoftapes,andtheysay,Oh,wewanttohirethesepeople,-allthehigh-powerposers-wedon'twanttohirethesepeople.Wealsoevaluatethesepeoplemuchmorepositivelyoverall.Butwhat'

42、;sdrivingit?It'snotaboutthecontentofthespeech.It'saboutthepresencethatthey'rebringingtothespeech.Wealso,becauseweratethemonallthesevariablesrelatedtopetence,like,howwell-structuredisthespeech?Howgoodisit?Whataretheirqualifications?Noeffectonthosethings.Thisiswhat'saffected.Thesekinds

43、ofthings.Peoplearebringingtheirtrueselves,basically.They'rebringingthemselves.Theybringtheirideas,butasthemselves,withno,youknow,residueoverthem.Sothisiswhat'sdrivingtheeffect,ormediatingtheeffect.SowhenItellpeopleaboutthis,thatourbodieschangeourmindsandourmindscanchangeourbehavior,andourbeh

44、aviorcanchangeouroutes,theysaytome,Idon't-Itfeelsfake.Right?SoIsaid,fakeittillyoumakeit.Idon't-It'snotme.Idon'twanttogetthereandthenstillfeellikeafraud.Idon'twanttofeellikeanimpostor.Idon'twanttogetthereonlytofeellikeI'mnotsupposedtobehere.Andthatreallyresonatedwithme,bec

45、auseIwanttotellyoualittlestoryaboutbeinganimpostorandfeelinglikeI'mnotsupposedtobehere.WhenIwas19,Iwasinareallybadcaraccident.Iwasthrownoutofacar,rolledseveraltimes.Iwasthrownfromthecar.AndIwokeupinaheadinjuryrehabward,andIhadbeenwithdrawnfromcollege,andIlearnedthatmy.haddroppedbytwostandarddevi

46、ations,whichwasverytraumatic.Iknewmy.becauseIhadidentifiedwithbeingsmart,andIhadbeencalledgiftedasachild.SoI'mtakenoutofcollege,Ikeeptryingtogoback.Theysay,You'renotgoingtofinishcollege.Just,youknow,thereareotherthingsforyoutodo,butthat'snotgoingtoworkoutforyou.SoIreallystruggledwiththis

47、,andIhavetosay,havingyouridentitytakenfromyou,yourcoreidentity,andformeitwasbeingsmart,havingthattakenfromyou,there'snothingthatleavesyoufeelingmorepowerlessthanthat.SoIfeltentirelypowerless.Iworkedandworkedandworked,andIgotlucky,andworked,andgotlucky,andworked.EventuallyIgraduatedfromcollege.It

48、tookmefouryearslongerthanmypeers,andIconvincedsomeone,myangeladvisor,SusanFiske,totakemeon,andsoIendedupatPrinceton,andIwaslike,Iamnotsupposedtobehere.Iamanimpostor.Andthenightbeforemyfirst-yeartalk,andthefirst-yeartalkatPrincetonisa20-minutetalkto20people.That'sit.Iwassoafraidofbeingfoundoutthe

49、nextdaythatIcalledherandsaid,I'mquitting.Shewaslike,Youarenotquitting,becauseItookagambleonyou,andyou'restaying.You'regoingtostay,andthisiswhatyou'regoingtodo.Youaregoingtofakeit.You'regoingtodoeverytalkthatyouevergetaskedtodo.You'rejustgoingtodoitanddoitanddoit,evenifyou'

50、;reterrifiedandjustparalyzedandhavinganout-of-bodyexperience,untilyouhavethismomentwhereyousay,Ohmygosh,I'mdoingit.Like,Ihavebeethis.Iamactuallydoingthis.'Sothat'swhatIdid.Fiveyearsingradschool,afewyears,youknow,I'matNorthwestern,ImovedtoHarvard,I'matHarvard,I'mnotreallythink

51、ingaboutitanymore,butforalongtimeIhadbeenthinking,Notsupposedtobehere.Notsupposedtobehere.SoattheendofmyfirstyearatHarvard,astudentwhohadnottalkedinclasstheentiresemester,whoIhadsaid,Look,you'vegottaparticipateorelseyou'regoingtofail,cameintomyoffice.Ireallydidn'tknowheratall.Andshesaid,shecameintotallydefeated,andshesaid,I'mnotsupposedtobehere.Andthatwasthemomentforme.Becausetwothingshappened.OnewasthatIrealized,ohmygosh,Idon'tfeellikethatanymore.Youk