中考英語語法復(fù)合句

1、人教版中考英語專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。 主句為句子的主體，從句只是做句子的一個(gè)成分。根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，可以把從句分為名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句） ，定語從句和狀語從句（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，讓步，方式，比較等）三類。一 . 賓語從句1. 賓語從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同分為三種類型由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其中 that 不做成分，可省略。We all knew （that） we should learn from each other.由 if/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Please tell me if/wh

2、ether you have been to America.由 who,where,how 等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?2. 賓語從句“三關(guān)”引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)注意： whether 與 if 的區(qū)別只用 whether 的情況 在介詞后面 We don't think about whether it would rain the next day. 在動(dòng)詞不定式前They asked me whether to sit at the front. 當(dāng)與 or not 連

3、用，或提出兩種選擇時(shí) Mary asked whether I wasdoing my homework or not at that time 賓語從句提前時(shí) Whether this is true or not, I can't say 在動(dòng)詞 discuss 后的賓語從句中 We discussed whether weshould have a sports meeting next week. 引導(dǎo)表語從句或位于句首的主語從句用 whetherThe question was whether he went there last night只用 if 的情況 引導(dǎo)否定概念的

4、賓語從句時(shí)He asked me if I had't finished my homework 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)， if 意為“如果”We'll go hiking if it doesn't rain tomorrow語序關(guān) 賓語從句若為陳述句，語序不變 賓語從句若為一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，語序還原為陳述語序時(shí)態(tài)關(guān) 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定 如果主句是過去某種時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)一定變?yōu)檫^去某時(shí)態(tài)注意：賓語從句表述的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3. 人稱變化：4. 從句簡化當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 find, see,watch,hear 等時(shí)，

5、 從句常簡化為 “賓語 +賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為省to 不定式或 v+ing 形式She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.7She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 hope,wish,decide,forget 等， 且主句主語與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)She agreed that she could help me with my maths. 7She agreed to help me with my maths.在連接代詞 / 副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，

6、當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句簡化為“連接代詞 / 副詞 +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)Can you tell me how I can get to the station?7Can you tell me how to get to the station?5. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 believe,think,guess,suppose 等，且主句主語是一人稱時(shí)，后面所接賓語從句的否定詞通常前移到主句中。I don't think that she can finish this work on time.注意：這種否定前移的賓語從句，在變成反意疑問句時(shí)，反意疑問句的主

7、謂要與從句一致I don't think he is interested in that, is he? 如果主句主語是二三人稱時(shí)，賓語從句否定詞不前移，反意疑問句反問主句She thought that film was not interesting, didn't she?二狀語從句1. 時(shí)間狀語從句 常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等來引導(dǎo)。在時(shí)間狀語從句中，通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在帶有till 或 until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句用

8、肯定式，其含義是“一直到時(shí)”， 謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到 才”， “在以前不”，謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。Since引導(dǎo)的 時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用過去時(shí)。While 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，不能是短暫性動(dòng)詞。as, when, while 都表示主從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生。 as 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，并表示對比；發(fā)生時(shí)間較短，且由“一邊一邊的 意思。When還可表示從句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作“之前”或 “之后”發(fā)生。 While 用于時(shí)間較長時(shí)。When you have finished your work, you

9、may have a rest.2. 條件狀語從句通常用 if, unless 引導(dǎo)。在條件狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I'm waiting for my friend. If she doesn't come, I'll go shopping alone.3. 原因狀語從句通常用 because, since, as （由于）弓I導(dǎo)。because表示直接原因， 語氣最強(qiáng)。 because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?；卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題，只能用because。as和since語氣較弱，一般用來 表示明顯的原因。由 as 和 si

10、nce 引導(dǎo)的從句多放在句首。 because和 so 不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our match.4. 結(jié)果狀語從句由 sothat, such that, so that弓I導(dǎo)。sothat 與 suchthat可以互換。如果名詞前由 many, much, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí), 只能用so. so-that句型的否定形式可用簡單句tooto或 not enough to 代替such+形容詞+ 不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatsnch+a(an)+ 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that=so+ 形容詞

11、 +a(an)+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +thatLast night Judy worked so late that she didn't catch the early bus this morning.5. 比較狀語從句通常由as - as, than 等連詞引導(dǎo)Though the player is over thirty, he can still run as fast assome young players6. 目的狀語從句通常用 so that, in order that 引導(dǎo)。 so that 即可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別是： 目的狀語從句中往往帶

12、有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, could, may, might 等，從意義上看，目的狀語從句表示的目的很明確。 Pass the cake round so that everyone can take a piece.7. 讓步狀語從句通常由 though, although, as 等連詞引導(dǎo)。 although, though 與 but不同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。 Though he is old, he is very strong.8. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由 where, wherever 引導(dǎo)Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.9. 方式狀語從句通常由 as,

13、 as if, as though 等引導(dǎo)Always do to the others as you would be done by. 希望別人怎樣待你，你就怎樣待人三定語從句指在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的句子，在句中修飾名詞、代詞，常由關(guān)系代詞 which, that, who(m), whose 及關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。 被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 定語從句放先行詞后做后置定語1. 當(dāng)先行詞表示人時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系代詞 that, who, whom 引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)先行詞表物時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系詞 that 或 which 。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。 tha

14、t 可指人，也可指物，在從句中可作主語，賓語。作賓語可省 which 指物，在從句中作主語，賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省，可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可與 that 互換。who, whom, whose指人，who在從句中做主語，whom£從句中作賓語，whose在從句中作定語He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.The package which/that you are carrying is too heavy.Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green.2. 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀

15、語時(shí)不可用 that, which, who(m) 等關(guān)系代詞，而應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞。表示時(shí)間用 when,表示地點(diǎn)用where,表示 原因用why。但這些關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)換為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”形式。Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.3. 其他注意事項(xiàng) 表示物時(shí)只能用 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況 當(dāng)先行詞為 all, everything, nothing, something, anything,little, much none, the one 等不定代詞時(shí) 先行詞被 all, every, no, some, any, little,

16、 much等修飾時(shí) 先行詞被 the only, the very, the last, the same等詞修飾時(shí)(當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，也可用關(guān)系代詞who或whom 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)含有物和人時(shí)主句中已有疑問詞 who或which時(shí) Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 表示物時(shí)只用 which 不用 that 的情況 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)在非限制性定語從句(即通常用逗號(hào)與主語隔開，若去掉整個(gè)句 子仍能表達(dá)完整意義的定語從句)中指人時(shí)

17、， 當(dāng)先行詞為 everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone 等 時(shí)要用who,不用that一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是 that ,另一個(gè)用 whoThe boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用 which,另一個(gè)用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從

18、句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和先行詞一致one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞the (only) one of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞Titanic is one of the best movies that have been produced inHollywood.Titanic is the (only) one of the best movies that has been produced in Hollywood 四.主語從句it在句中作主語的名詞性從句叫主語從句。主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用 三人稱單數(shù)。主語從句可直接位于句首。但如主語從句長，可用 充當(dāng)形式主語代替主

19、語從句， 把主語從句后置。 記住下列主語從句常用結(jié)構(gòu)：It is said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It is announced that. 據(jù)宣布 It is (well) known that 眾所 周知It is believed that人們相信 It is supposed that 人們希望It is hoped that 希望 It is suggested that有人建議It must be remembered that務(wù)必 t 己住注意：有些情況下謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)和表語保持一致What we need are doctors and

20、 nurses.What we need is time.五同位語從句同位語從句是對名詞的內(nèi)容給予具體詳細(xì)的說明。 常在后面接同位語從 句 的 名 詞 有 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞為 that, 有時(shí)根據(jù)需要也可以用 when, where 等His opinion that we must take good care of our earth sounds reasonable.They have no idea at all whe

21、re he has gone.注意 : 同位語從句的 that 在句中不作句子成分， 也無詞義， 但不能省。而定語從句中的 that 除了引導(dǎo)從句外，還是從句的一個(gè)成分，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省。六表語從句在句中作連系動(dòng)詞的表語的從句，位于主句中系動(dòng)詞后That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.練習(xí)I.We'll play snowman it snows heavily this afternoon.A. if B. although C. unless D. but1.1 didn 't knowthey

22、could pass the examor not.A.why B.when C.that D.whether1.2 don 't think Ben did such a stupid thing?A.do I B.did I C.did he D.does he4 .Newton was playing under an apple treean apple fell ontohis headA.when B.while C.after D.before5 . The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children,isn'tit

23、? Yes,it has built manyschoolsthose children can studyhappilyA.where B.when C.which D.why6 .During the holiday I visited Shaolin Templelies in thewest of Zhengzhou. A.whereB.which C.whoD.what7 .Jim 's mother let him watch TV after he finished his homework.(同義句) Jim s motherlet him watch TV he fi

24、nishedhis homework.8 .The TV play is so interesting that we like to see it again (改為同義句)It isintereting TV play we like to see itagain.9 .When people in the United States have guests(1)whenthey are invited to a get-together,they usually try to make others feel comfortable(2)relaxed.Generally,they te

25、ndto be informal.Men shake hands,(3)usually only10 )theyare introduced.Male friends and businessassociates(5)haven t seen each other for a time may shake hands.When awoman (6) aman areintroduced,shaking hands is decided by the woman.American womenbecomemore(7)more independent.They go to placesby the

26、mselves,earn their own money,(8)often livealone ,Sometimes they will ask men for help,(9)theyusually don t want to be peotected.American women may start conversations with men (10)even ask them to dance.1.1 In the dark street,there wasn t a single person shecould turn for help A.that B.to whom C.fro

27、m whomD.who11 .Please pass me the dictionary is blackA.its cover B.which cover C.of which the cover D.cover ofwhich12 .There are forty-five students in our class,are from theneardy villages A.one-third of who B.one-third of which C.one-third of them D.one-third of whom13 .This is the studentyou took

28、 the message yesterday.A.whose father B.to whose father C.to his father D.his father14 .There isn t much I can doA.what B.which C.that D.how15 .Tell us about the people and the placesare different from oursA.that B.who C.which D.whom16 .Last Sunday they reached Qingdao,a conference was tobe heldA.wh

29、ich B.that C.when D.where17 .Is this the museumyou visited the other day?A.thatB.whereC.in whichD.the one18.This is the very film'.一 ve long wished to seeA.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom19.There is no difficultycan t be overcome in the worldA.thatB.whichC.whoD.what20 .Who is the personis standing at the

30、 gate of BeijingTourism Tower? A.who B.that C.which D.whom21 .The housethe capitalist used to live in is now anurseryA.that B.where C.what D.when22 .The housewe live is not bigA. in that B.which C.in which D.that23 . 單句改錯(cuò)This is the factory where we visited last weekThis is the watch for which Tom i

31、s lookingThe person to who you spoke is a student of Grade TwoThe house in that we live is very smallThe sun gives off light and warmth,that makes it possible forplants to grow24 .The WTOcan not live up to its nameit does not includea country that is home to one fifth of mankindA.as long as B.while

32、C.if D.even though25 .John shut everybody out of the kitchenhe couldprepare his grand surprise for the partyA.which B.when C.so that D.as if26 .He madea mistake,but then he corrected the situationitgot worse,A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as27 .-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-Yes

33、.He had never praised him he became one of the topstudents in his grade A.after B.unless C.until D.when28 .You can eat food free in my restaurant you likeA.whenever B.whereever C.whatever D.however29 .Scientists say ir may be five or six yearsit ispossible to test this medicine on hunman patientsA.s

34、ice B.after C.before D.when30 . This house is my father painted by himself.A.that B.whichC.the one D./31 .we can t get seems better than we haveA.What,/B.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what32 .-What did Jack ask you just now?-He wanted to know how longwhen I reached the cinemaA.had the film been on B.th

35、e film had startedC.the film had lasted D.had the film ended1 3.I don t have to introduce him to you you know the boyA.untilB.unless C.sinceD.but34 .hamburgers are junk food,many children like themA.IfB.UnlessC.BecauseD.Although35 .We should dowe can those endangered animalsA.that,to saveB.which,sav

36、eC.that ,saveD.what ,to svae36 .you go ,you do, I will be right here waitingfor youA.If,if B.Wherever,whatever C.where,what37.If you don tgo to the mall this weekend,A.he will,too B.he wont,either C.neither he will D.he ', 一doesn t ,either38.I arrived at the airportthe plane had taken off.A.afte

37、r B.while C.when D.before40.Our hometown is quite different frombeforeA.that it was B.what it was C.which it was D.when it was 41.she succeeded in finishing her tasks remains a secretA.What B.If C.How D.Who 42.Is this the reasonat the meeting for carelessness inhis work?A.he explainedB.what he expla

38、inedC.how he explained D.why he explained43.We are living in an agemanythings are done on computerA.which B.that C.whose D.when44.the days went on, the weather got worse new style skirt is.A.With B.Since C.While45 .-What was the party like?-It so muchA.after B.when C.before46 .D.Ass years I enjoyed

39、myselfyou have tried it on, you canD.since,.一t imagine how pretty theA.Because B.Although C.Unless D.When47.I won t go to her party unless my best friend TomA.will invite B.will be invited C.is invited D.invites48 .Franklin told them allto be in Britain againA.he was how happyB.how happy he wasC.how

40、 was he happyD.he was happy how49 .Jane is one of the students in the classhave ever beento ChinaA.who B.whose C.which D.whom1.1 I still remember the timewe spent together at XisaiMountain last year A.whenB.whatC.whoD.which51 .Mr. Smith is smoking is looking forhe lost yesterdayA.whom;which B.who;wh

41、at C.that;who D.which;where52 .Nobody knowsA.how will our future look like B.whatwill our future be likeC.how our future will look like D.whatour future will be like1.1 I was chatting with my friends on the phonemy mothercame inA.while B.when C.as D.since1.2 In order to choose the right one, she fir

42、st asked meIwant to use a dictionary forA.what B.why C.how D.whether55 .Customers are asked to make sure that theythe rightcharge be-fore leaving the shopA.will give B.have been given C.have given D.will begiven56 .Tom didin t go to school?A.Do you know howB.Why do you knowC.How you know why D.Do you know why57 .Mary s mother asked herA.that whether