高中英語定語從句詳解

1、高中英語定語從句詳解定語從句主要用于修飾句子中的名詞、代詞或上文提到的一件事（句子）。而定語從句的位置常常是緊跟在被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子的后面。在被修飾的名詞、代詞（先行詞）與定語從句之間往往有一個關(guān)系詞將其前后兩部分聯(lián)系成一個整體。關(guān)系詞與后面的句子合稱定語從句。1）threesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromaheartattack三種意味著一個人患心臟病的跡象that是：關(guān)系詞；thatindicateapersonissufferingfromaheartattack是定語從句2）thosewhodrinkalot那些大量飲酒的人在這個帶有

2、定語從句的短語中：those是：被修飾的代詞；who是：關(guān)系詞；whodrinkalot是：定語從句。3）Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourroommate?你知道她的哥哥與你同寢室的那位女孩的名字嗎？通過上面的演示，我們可以歸納出：（1）定語從句在英語中放在被修飾的詞后，翻譯成漢語時(shí)置于被修飾的詞之前，且有漢字“的”（2）定語從句在句子中的位置、結(jié)構(gòu)如下：被修飾的名詞/代詞+關(guān)系詞+句子（其中，”被修飾的名詞/代詞"在語法叫作"先行詞".）要點(diǎn)提示：1）先行詞=關(guān)系詞。所以先行詞在從句中不在出現(xiàn)。先行詞的意義

3、以及它在從句中的語法功能（句子成分）決定關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句中的關(guān)系詞只有兩類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；所有關(guān)系詞不但都有具體的意義而且都在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分。1）關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that等。who用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，并且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，也可充當(dāng)賓語。但不能放在介詞之后。介詞后的賓語用whomwhose用于代替”表示人或物意義”的先行詞，用在從句中時(shí)，后要跟一個名詞，與那個名詞合起來相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系詞，在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語或賓語。Whose常表達(dá)"先行詞的”之意which用于代替"表示事物意義”的先行詞，在從

4、句中作主語、賓語。that既用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，也用于代替"表示事物意義"的先行詞；在從句中既可以作主語，也可以作謂語動詞的賓語，但是不能跟介詞后作介詞的賓語，介詞后用which。在一定范圍內(nèi)，that=who/whom/which。要點(diǎn)提示：雖然that即可指人，也可指代物，習(xí)慣上指代人時(shí)，常用who?？偨Y(jié)：（1）怎么判斷定語從句（2）怎么選擇關(guān)系詞：當(dāng)先行詞指時(shí)如：填空，翻譯1) Ihavenoideaaboutthemanwrotethearticle.poems.3 )1knowthegirl4 )Thatwasafault5)l&

5、#39;vegotanovel6)Thisisthebook2) ThelittleboyissingingtherecanrecitequietanumberofChineseyoutalkedtojustnowcouldnotbeforgiven.youmayliketoread.fromIknowthefamousperson.7) Whoisthegirlyoutalkedtojustnow?8) Thisistheverybookyouarelookedforyesterday.9) Thebookswhichsellwellarewrittenbyhim.10) Thebookwh

6、ichsellswelliswrittenbyhim.11) Theworldweliveinismadeofmatter.12) Theworldinweliveismadeofmatter.要點(diǎn)提示：（1）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。避免重復(fù)，指人時(shí)，主句有who，從句用that（2）That和which指代物時(shí)的區(qū)別先行詞本身是all,everything,something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)，例如：AllthatIhaveismoney.Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.你一定出了什么事。Theyhadno

7、thingthatcouldcureofhisdisease.他們沒有一點(diǎn)能治愈他疾病的東西了。-先行詞已有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級或thelast,theonly等作定語時(shí)，例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.這是以前從未上演過的最有感染力的電視劇。Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatweneedtodo.我們必須要考慮我們需要做的第一件事。-當(dāng)先行詞表示事物意義，并且在從句中作

8、介詞的賓語，那么就只能用whichItisthesecondthingaboutwhichIbecomecrazy.（3）定語從句中，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。特例：1Sheisoneofthestudentswhohavebeenabroad.2Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenabroad.2）關(guān)系副詞：why=為什么原因,when=在什么時(shí)候，where=在什么地方,在英文中用哪個具體的介詞，得依具體漢語意思而定了關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語（不缺主語，賓語，表語）when代替表示時(shí)間的名詞，在從句中充當(dāng)

9、狀語例如："PeoplewillalwaysrememberthetimeHongkongandMacaoreturnedtoourmotherland.2）Wedon'tknowtheexacttimetheEnglishEveningwillbeheld.3）1stillrememberthedayswespenttogether.where代替表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。例如：1）Theplacewe'retohavetheSpeechContesthasnotbeendecidedyet.2）Heislivinginanewly-builthouseth

10、ereusedtobeapond.3）Hehasfoundtheschoolhismothertoldhim.why代替表示原因的名詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。例如：1）Hedidn'ttellherthereasonhewassohappy.2）Theyexplainedthereasontoustheyhadmisunderstoodusbefore.3）Thereasonheexplainedisnotsoacceptable.當(dāng)名詞時(shí)way時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以用that，inwhich或省略關(guān)系詞Hecan'understandthewaytheteachertoldhim.Hec

11、an'understandthewaytheteachersolveproblem。Hecan'findawayreallyworks.關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞，而這種結(jié)構(gòu)中較難解決的問題是介詞的選擇問題，因?yàn)檫@個問題的解決取決于多種因素：A）動詞與介詞的搭配B）名詞與介詞的搭配C）形容詞與介詞的搭配，等等?？傊缽木涞木唧w需要而定。例如：A）動詞與介詞的搭配Hehasfoundagoodjobforwhichheisqualified.（qualify+名詞+for"使具有資格”）他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。Themantowhomyoutalkedjustno

12、wwillchairthemeetingtomorrow.（talkto+名詞"與某人談話”）你剛才與他談話的那個人明天主持那個會議。B）名詞與介詞的搭配Theyarestilllivinginthelittlehouseinwhich（=）they'vebeenlivingfor15years.（inthehouse"在屋子里"）他們現(xiàn)在還住在他們已住了15年的那個小房子里。Hewentthroughahardtimeduringwhich（=）helostmanytimes.C）形容詞與介詞的搭配Thesecretarywithwhomthebossi

13、snothappywillbefiredforherinefficiency.（happywith"對表示滿意"）老板對其不滿意的那個秘書將由于她沒有工作效率而被解雇。rvefoundthejobforwhichrvebeeneagerforalongtime.（eagerfor"渴望得至U"）我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。Heisalearnedmanwithwhomwearefamiliar.（familiarwith熟悉）他是一位我們熟悉的有學(xué)識的人。D）他有三個兒子，三個都是醫(yī)生。定語從句的種類在英文中，有兩種定語從句：限定性定語從句與非限定性

14、定語從句。這兩種定語從句在其功能和形式方面都有明顯的區(qū)別：限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系很緊奏，對其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。如果將其去掉，會影響句子意思的完整性；有時(shí)甚至于引起費(fèi)解、誤解。Theyexplainedthereasontouswhytheyhadhatedusbefore.他們向我們解釋為什么他們不喜歡我們的原因。非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句在形式上就與主句很松散，它與主句之間有一個逗點(diǎn)”，"隔開；起補(bǔ)充、說明的作用。即使將其去掉，也不會影響句子意思。另外，非限定性定語從句在中文譯文里，我們往往將其作為一個分句處理，而不把它作定語翻譯。Thesunhea

15、tstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對全句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說明，將全句表達(dá)的意思看成"一件事情）。太陽給予大地?zé)?，這就使植物的生長成為可能。Wehaveoneearth/offersusourhome.Theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.（此句中，非限定性定語從句是對先行詞son進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說明。但本句所傳達(dá)的信息是：”這位老人只有一個兒子”。如果將此句改寫成限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句中，代指人時(shí)，用who或whom;代指人以外的名詞時(shí)時(shí)，用which即：非限定性定語從句中

16、不能用that充當(dāng)關(guān)系詞。此時(shí)，關(guān)系詞一律充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語。例如：Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太陽給予大地?zé)?，這就使植物的生長成為可能。Themostimportantformofenergyiselectricalenergy,whichiswidelyusedinourdailylife.最重要的能源形式是電能，它廣泛地運(yùn)用于我們的日常生活之中。Heisthirteen,whocomesfromamiddleschool.若在非限定性定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞的選擇不變Rabbitsmaketheirh

17、omesinfields,theycanhidetheiryoungunderbushes.I willneverforgetthedays,wespenttogetherhappily.I willneverforgetthedays,weworkedtogether.-as可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句、非限定性定語從句。例如：限定性定語從句（常用于suchas,asas,禾口thesameas等句式中）Suchpointsasyou'vementionedarereallyimportantinsolvingtheproblem.你提到的這些方面在解決這個問題上的確很重要。P

18、eoplesuchasyoudescribearerarelyseennowadays.你描述的這種人現(xiàn)在很少見了。Thiscomputerhasthesamefunctionsasthatonehas.這臺計(jì)算機(jī)有著和那臺計(jì)算機(jī)一樣的功能。as可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，as是指全句：也就是說，將整個主句看成一件事或是一個事實(shí)；并對其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、說明。這種非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。常翻譯為“正如”）AsIknow,shehasn'tgotmarried.如我所知，她還未結(jié)婚。Theywonthefirstplaceinthegame,ascou

19、ldbeexpected.可以預(yù)料，他們在比賽中得了第一。ProfessorLiisextremelypopularamongstudents,asisknowntoallofus.女口我們大家所知，李教授極受學(xué)生們的歡迎。Which常翻譯為“這,這件事”，且引導(dǎo)的從句常放在主句之后。幾個特殊的先行詞：situation,stage,case,point,seene,position,他們在定語從句中充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)從句，且在從句中作狀語。如：Weoftencomeacrossthiscaseweneedhelp.1 DoyoustillrememberthedayIfirst

20、cametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where2 I'mgoingtovisittheschoolmymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3 Apaperplantispaperismade.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich4 Theystayedwithmeforthreeweeks,theydrankallthewineIhad.A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich5. -Howdoyo

21、ulikethecake?It'squitedifferentfromIhadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat6. TheNile,electricityisproduced,noIongerdestroysvillagesandcrops.A.whichB.fromwhichC.fromitD.fromthat7. Inthe1950s,blacksdidn'thaveequalrights,alotofmarchestookplace.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.fromwhich8. Bob'sf

22、ather,spentfouryearsinEgypt.A.thatworkedontheprojectB.heworkedontheprojectC.whoworkedontheprojectD.whomworkedontheproject9. Theretiringteachermadeaspeechshethankedtheclassforthegift.A.whichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.that10. HehastoworkonSundays,hedoesnotlike.A.andwhichB.whichC.andwhenD.when11. Hepaidtheboy

23、$10forwashingtenwindows,mosthadn'tbeencleanedforyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.ofwhich12 Theboys,couldnotreachtheshelf,wenttolookforsomethingtostandon.A.thetallofwhomB.thetallestofwhomC.thetallestoneD.thetallestofthem13.Rabbitsmaketheirhomesinfields,hidetheiryoungunderbushesoramongtallgrasses.A.can

24、wheretheyB.wheretheycanC.wherecantheyD.wherecan14IsthisthefactorycolorTVsetsareproduced?A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat15. Whoisthatcomradewasthere?A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whose16. ThisisMrSmith,Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose17. Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,mad

25、emeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which仿真訓(xùn)練1 Sheworeaheavyfurcoatinsuchahotday,Ifoundquitestrange.1)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when2 Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestisTaiwan.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich3 Wecametoaplacetheyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.which4 Itwastwelveo&#

26、39;clocktheyfinishedthework.A.SinceB.whichC.thatD.when5 Heoftenhelpsthestudentshethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.WhoC.whenD.because6 IstherearestaurantaroundIhavesomethingtoeat?A.ThatB.whatC.WhichD.where7 Intheopenboat,thefourmen,wasadoctor,metwithastormonthesea.A.oneofwhichB.oneofwhoC.oneof

27、whomD.oneofthem8. Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.withoutwhich9. Thebook,thecoverisbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitB.forC.whoseD.ofwhichC.atthatwearelookingD.wearelookingatB.whosheistakinggoodcareD.whomsheistakinggoodcareofIwastakengoodcareofinthat10. Theh

28、ighbuildingisabighotel.A.wearelookingatitB.welooking11. Thebabyisnothers.A.ofthatsheistakinggoodcareC.ofwhosheistakinggoodcare12Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomefar-awayvillage.A.UntilB.ThatC.whenD.where13 isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What14 Theweathertur

29、nedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it15 AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when16 -IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatthereasonyouhadafewdaysoff?A.WhyB.WhenC.WhatD.that1. Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmar

30、ryanyonefamilywaspoor.A. ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2. Allisneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which3. Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that4. Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere?A.WhomB.WhichC.ThatD.he5. Whoisthemanyoujusttalkedto?A.XB.whichC.whoeverD.whos

31、e6. WangHaiisthestudenthomecaughtfirelastnight.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whose7. Isthisthepenyouwerewriting?A.withthatB.withwhichC.tothatD.towhich8Whichsentenceiswrong?A. DoyouknowthemanthatistalkingwithMr.Li?B. Hedidallhecouldtohelpme.C. Thisistheroomthatweoftenholdmeetingsin.D. Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohis

32、duty,hewillnotsucceed.9. ,theGreatWallcameintobeinginQinDynasty.A.It'sclear.WeallknowC.AsweallknowD.Itseemed10. Herbag,sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.that11. Thesoliderrantothebuilding,flewaflag.A.onthetopofwhichB.onthetopofthatC.onthetopofitD.which12. Istillremembert

33、hedaywegotmarried.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when13. Thefactoryhismotherworksisintheeastofthecity.A.ThatB.whichC.onwhichD.where14. ThehousewindowsopentothesouthisZhangShan's.A.WhichB.ThatC.whoseD.its15. Hetriedtofindahammerhecouldrepairthedesk.A.throughwhichB.withwhichC.bywhichD.usingwhich16Lastnig

34、htwewatchedtheplay“LeiFeng”,wasverymoving.A.WhoB.whoseC.thatD.which17. Hecametothecity,thereisafamoustowercalledYellowCarneTower.A.onwhichB.inwhereC.whichD.where18. Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.WhichB.ThatC.whoD.whom19. Thatistheonlydictionaryheoftenturnstofo

35、rhelp.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.one20. Allthepencilsshehadboughtatachappricebroke.A.WhichB.ThatC.whatD.those21. Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB.XC.whichD.it22. Whataboutthephoto?It'smuchbetterthanshetooklastweek.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.one23. Hehasdroppedthenecklacetothedrawerthemoneyiskept.A.

36、inwhereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which24. It'sthefifthtimelatethisterm.A.thatyou'vearrivedthatyouarrivedC.whenyou'vearrivecD.whenyouarrived25. Eachtimeshecametoseemeshewouldadvisemetogiveupsmoking.A.asB.duringC.whileD.X26. ItistheplaygroundIpickedupthisjacket.A.inwhichB.thatC.fromthereD.whe

37、re27. WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinBeijing,livemyuncleandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich28. Shemustfailtheexam,canbeseenfromhereyes.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what29. Thestadiums,werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyalotoffootballfanswhohadnotickets.A.mostofthatB.mostofwhichC.whichmostD.thatmost

38、30. Mr.Frank,everybodyloves,hasgonetotheUK.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.X31. Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,weremissing.A.withwhichB.withitC.withoutwhichD.withoutit32. I,yourhusband,willstandbyyou.A.whoisB.thatisC.whoamD.thatam33. Ourteacherisamanofgreatexperienee,muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.howC.fromwhichD.from

39、whom34. Hemakesgooduseofthetimehecanspare.A.whenB.thatC.onwhichD.who35. Suchpeopleyourefertoarerarenowadays.A.asB.thatC.whichD.who36. Wellneverforgetthedays_wespenttogetherlastsummer.A.whenB.thatC.howD.onwhich37. Thefivestoreyedbuildingoverthere,wassetupthreeyearsago,isourteachingbuilding.A.itB.thatC.whereD.which38. ItisthebestfilmI'veseenthisyearA.thatB.whichC.sinceD.and39. Ioftenhearfrommybrother,worksasadoctor.A.thatB.whoC.heD.whom40. LastyearIvisitedthehouseIusedtoliveinmythirties.A.whichB.thatC.inthatD.where41. T