中考英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)-名詞

1、 熟記已學(xué)過的名詞；熟記已學(xué)過的名詞；掌握常用名詞的數(shù)的變化；掌握常用名詞的數(shù)的變化；掌握名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及其變化；掌握名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及其變化；掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別及用法。掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別及用法。中考考查形式：中考考查形式：選擇題、單詞拼寫及選詞填選擇題、單詞拼寫及選詞填空題空題、完成句子、完成句子 CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XICHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI 考點揭密考點揭密1.掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞；詞和專有名詞；2.掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有

2、格的構(gòu)掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法及用法；成方法及用法；3.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語、表語、賓語、復(fù)合賓語、定語、狀語和同位語的語、賓語、復(fù)合賓語、定語、狀語和同位語的用法；用法；4.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運用，能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運用，如：如：family,home,house;work,job等等 名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞的所有格名詞的所有格名詞的變化名詞的變化可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞名詞可以分為名詞可以分為專有名詞專有名詞和和普通名詞普通名詞，專有名詞是，專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專

3、有的名稱，如某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如BeijingBeijing，ChinaChina等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：bookbook，sadnesssadness等。等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：普通名詞又可分為下面四類：_|專有名詞專有名詞|名名|個體名詞個體名詞|可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞|集體名詞集體名詞|普通名詞普通名詞|詞詞|物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞|不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞|抽象名詞抽象名詞|1）個體名詞：）個體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：gun。2）集體名詞：）集體名詞：

4、表示若干個個體組成的集合體，表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：如：family。3物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞:表示無法分為個體的實物表示無法分為個體的實物,如如air。4）抽象名詞：）抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：抽象概念，如：work。個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為目計算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞。flowerflowers找規(guī)律找規(guī)律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf - leavesbox

5、es找規(guī)律找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroesradiosphotos找規(guī)律找規(guī)律zoospianos不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese以以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如： a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般等學(xué)科名詞，一般 是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。 b. news 為不可數(shù)名詞。為不可數(shù)名詞。 c. the United States，the United Nations 應(yīng)應(yīng)視為單數(shù)視為單數(shù)。The United

6、Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來年組建起來d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：也可視為單數(shù)。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的是一本非常有趣的故事書。故事書。1 ） 表 示 由 兩 部 分 構(gòu) 成 的 東 西表 示 由 兩 部 分 構(gòu) 成 的 東 西 ， 如 ：， 如 ：glasses （眼鏡）（眼鏡）trousers,clothes等，等，若表

7、達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞若表達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair（對，（對，雙）雙）;suit（套）（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。等。2） 另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，表示特別意思，如：如：goods貨物，貨物，waters水水域，域，fishes（各種）魚（各種）魚 1. 1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時?？闯刹豢蓴?shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù)單數(shù) *Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews. 2. 2.常用常用howmuch,much,al

8、ittle,little,alotof,some,any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 *Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.a bottle of juicea glass of orangetwo boxes of milk不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 3. 3.sports,clothes*asportsfield*aclothesshop看例題識所有格看例題識所有格 1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital. 2. This is Mary and h

9、er sisters bedroom. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse. 3. These are Toms and Lilys bags.4. She is the two boys mother.5. the door of the room the leaves of the tree 6. the girls name=the name of the girl7. He is a friend of my brothers.的的練習(xí)練習(xí) Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me.Ten years _(is ,are)

10、 short time for me. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed.A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed. The number of the students in our school The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000._(is ,are) 2,000. The woman with two children _( is ,are ) The woman with two children _( is ,are

11、) coming ing here. Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.is isis isis isis isamam6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; 7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; women t

12、eachers).women teachers).8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.1,300,000,000.9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in 9. There are many _(peoples,people )in the street in summer.summer.10. One of the students _(have, has) go

13、ne to Shanghai.10. One of the students _(have, has) gone to Shanghai.is isis iswomen teacherswomen teacherspeoplepeoplehashas練習(xí)練習(xí)1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.AminutesBminutes Cminutes3.

14、Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanesCCAAB( )1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof( )2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manygla

15、ssB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe_800metreraceyesterday. Aboys Bboys CboyDboys.( )4.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies( )5.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxsDDBAC()6.Thisisnotmycap,butm

16、y_.A.brothersB.brothersC.brothers D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()8._are_forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofsh

17、oesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menroomsBBDAA根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon .(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir .(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7

18、.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome ?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome .(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy)ideasfootboysgla

19、ssesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys【例【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day. A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers 典型例題解析典型例題解析【例【例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people. A.land B.ground C.room D.floorB

20、C 【例【例3】 These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now. A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many 【例【例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs【例【例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river. A.child B.boy C.boys D.c

21、hilds AB C.將下列詞組譯成英語將下列詞組譯成英語1.三雙鞋三雙鞋 _2.二十個女教師二十個女教師 _3.兩瓶橘汁兩瓶橘汁 _4.Tom父親的一個朋友父親的一個朋友 _5.少年宮少年宮 _ 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練there pairs of shoestwenty women teacherstwo bottles of orange juicea friend of Toms fathersthe Childrens Palace1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted

22、 red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news 課時訓(xùn)練課時訓(xùn)練AADAB6.March 8th is _Day. A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women 7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,littl