(完整版)流體力學(xué)常用名詞中英文對(duì)照

1、流體力學(xué)常用名詞流體動(dòng)力學(xué)fluiddynamics連續(xù)介質(zhì)力學(xué)mechanicsofcontinuous介質(zhì)medium流體質(zhì)點(diǎn)fluidparticle無粘性流體nonviscousfluid,inviscid連續(xù)介質(zhì)假設(shè)continuousmediumhypothesis流體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)fluidkinematics水靜力學(xué)hydrostatics液體靜力學(xué)hydrostatics支配方程governingequation伯努利方程Bernoulliequation伯努利定理Bernonllitheorem畢奧-薩伐爾定律Biot-Savartlaw歐拉方程Eulerequation亥姆霍茲定

2、理Helmholtztheorem開爾文定理Kelvintheorem渦片vortexsheet庫塔-茹可夫斯基條件Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition布拉休斯解Blasiussolution達(dá)朗貝爾佯廖d'Alembertparadox雷諾數(shù)Reynoldsnumber施特魯哈爾數(shù)Strouhalnumber隨體導(dǎo)數(shù)materialderivative不可壓縮流體incompressiblefluid質(zhì)量守恒conservationofmass動(dòng)量守恒conservationofmomentum能量守恒conservationofenergy動(dòng)量方程momentumeq

3、uation能量方程energyequation控制體積controlvolume液體靜壓hydrostaticpressure渦量擬能enstrophy壓差differentialpressure流動(dòng)flow流線streamline流面streamsurface流管streamtube跡線path,pathline流場flowfield流態(tài)flowregime流動(dòng)參量flowparameter流量flowrate,flowdischarge渦旋vortex渦量vorticity渦絲vortexfilament渦線vortexline渦面vortexsurface渦層vortexlayer渦環(huán)

4、vortexring渦對(duì)vortexpair渦管vortextube渦街vortexstreet卡門渦街Karmanvortexstreet馬蹄渦horseshoevortex對(duì)流渦胞convectivecell卷筒渦胞rollcell渦eddy渦粘性eddyviscosity環(huán)流circulation環(huán)量circulation速度環(huán)量velocitycirculation偶極子doublet,dipole駐點(diǎn)stagnationpoint總壓力totalpressure總壓頭totalhead靜壓頭statichead總焓totalenthalpy能量輸運(yùn)energytransport速度剖

5、面velocityprofile庫埃特流Couetteflow單相流singlephaseflow單組份流single-componentflow均勻流uniformflow非均勻流nonuniformflow二維流two-dimensionalflow三維流three-dimensionalflow準(zhǔn)定常流quasi-steadyflow非定常流unsteadyflow,non-steadyflow暫態(tài)流transientflow周期流periodicflow振蕩流oscillatoryflow分層流stratifiedflow無旋流irrotationalflow有旋流rotational

6、flow軸對(duì)稱流axisymmetricflow不可壓縮性incompressibility不可壓縮流動(dòng)incompressibleflow浮體floatingbody定傾中心metacenter阻力drag,resistance減阻dragreduction表面力surfaceforce表面張力surfacetension毛細(xì)管作用capillarity來流incomingflow自由流freestream自由流線freestreamline外流externalflow進(jìn)口entrance,inlet出口exit,outlet擾動(dòng)disturbance,perturbation分布distr

7、ibution傳播propagation色散dispersion彌散dispersion附加質(zhì)量addedmass,associatedmass收縮contraction鏡象法imagemethod無量綱參數(shù)dimensionlessparameter幾何相似geometricsimilarity運(yùn)動(dòng)相似kinematicsimilarity動(dòng)力相似性dynamicsimilarity平面流planeflow勢potential勢流potentialflow速度勢velocitypotential復(fù)勢complexpotential復(fù)速度complexvelocity流函數(shù)streamfunc

8、tion源source匯sink速度水頭velocityhead拐角流cornerflow空泡流cavityflow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavityflow空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)aerodynamics低速空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)low-speedaerodynamics高速空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)high-speedaerodynamics氣動(dòng)熱力學(xué)aerothermodynamics亞聲速流動(dòng)subsonicflow跨聲速流動(dòng)transonicflow超聲速流動(dòng)supersonicflow錐形流conicalflow楔流wedgeflow葉柵流cascadeflow非平衡流動(dòng)non-equilibriu

9、mflow細(xì)長體slenderbody細(xì)長度slenderness鈍頭體bluffbody鈍體bluntbody翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理論thin-airfoiltheory構(gòu)型configuration后緣trailingedge迎角angleofattack失速stall脫體激波detachedshockwave波阻wavedrag誘導(dǎo)阻力induceddrag誘導(dǎo)速度inducedvelocity臨界雷諾數(shù)criticalReynoldsnumber前緣渦leadingedgevortex附著渦boundvortex約束渦confinedvortex氣動(dòng)中心aerodyna

10、miccenter氣動(dòng)力aerodynamicforce氣動(dòng)噪聲aerodynamicnoise氣動(dòng)加熱aerodynamicheating離解dissociation地面效應(yīng)groundeffect氣體動(dòng)力學(xué)gasdynamics稀疏波rarefactionwave熱狀態(tài)方程thermalequationofstate噴管Nozzle普朗特-邁耶流Prandtl-Meyerflow瑞利流Rayleighflow可壓縮流動(dòng)compressibleflow可壓縮流體compressiblefluid絕熱流adiabaticflow非絕熱流diabaticflow未擾動(dòng)流undisturbedfl

11、ow等熵流isentropicflow勻熵流homoentropicflow蘭金-于戈尼奧條件Rankine-Hugoniotcondition狀態(tài)方程equationofstate量熱狀態(tài)方程caloricequationofstate完全氣體perfectgas拉瓦爾噴管Lavalnozzle馬赫角Machangle馬赫錐Machcone馬赫線Machline馬赫數(shù)Machnumber馬赫波Machwave當(dāng)?shù)伛R赫數(shù)localMachnumber沖擊波shockwave激波shockwave正激波normalshockwave斜激波obliqueshockwave頭波bowwave附體激波

12、attachedshockwave激波陣面shockfront激波層shocklayer壓縮波compressionwave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction繞射diffraction出口壓力exitpressure超壓強(qiáng)overpressure反壓backpressure爆炸explosion爆轟detonation緩燃deflagration水動(dòng)力學(xué)hydrodynamics液體動(dòng)力學(xué)hydrodynamics泰勒不穩(wěn)定性Taylorinstability蓋斯特納波Gerstnerwave斯托克斯波Stokeswave瑞利數(shù)R

13、ayleighnumber自由面freesurface波速wavespeed,wavevelocity波高waveheight波列wavetrain波群wavegroup波能waveenergy表面波surfacewave表面張力波capillarywave規(guī)則波regularwave不規(guī)則波irregularwave淺水波shallowwaterwave深水波deepwaterwave重力波gravitywave橢圓余弦波cnoidalwave潮波tidalwave涌波surgewave破碎波breakingwave船波shipwave非線性波nonlinearwave孤立子soliton水

14、動(dòng)力噪聲hydrodynamicnoise水擊waterhammer空化cavitation空化數(shù)cavitationnumber空蝕cavitationdamage超空化流supercavitatingflow水翼hydrofoil水力學(xué)hydraulics洪水波floodwave漣漪ripple消能energydissipation海洋水動(dòng)力學(xué)marinehydrodynamics謝齊公式Chezyformula歐拉數(shù)Eulernumber弗勞德數(shù)Froudenumber水力半徑hydraulicradius水力坡度hvdraulicslope高度水頭elevatinghead水頭損失he

15、adloss水位waterlevel水躍hydraulicjump含水層aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲線backwatercurve壓強(qiáng)水頭pressurehead過水?dāng)嗝鎓lowcross-section明槽流openchannelflow孔流orificeflow無壓流freesurfaceflow有壓流pressureflow緩流subcriticalflow急流supercriticalflow漸變流graduallyvariedflow急變流rapidlyvariedflow臨界流criticalflow異重流densitycurrent,gravi

16、tyflow堰流weirflow摻氣流aeratedflow含沙流sediment-ladenstream降水曲線dropdowncurve沉積物sediment,deposit沉降堆積sedimentation,deposition沉降速度settlingvelocity流動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性flowstability不穩(wěn)定性instability奧爾-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeldequation渦量方程vorticityequation泊肅葉流Poiseuilleflow奧辛流Oseenflow剪切流shearflow粘性流動(dòng)viscousflow層流laminarflow分離流separa

17、tedflow二次流secondaryflow近場流nearfieldflow遠(yuǎn)場流farfieldflow滯止流stagnationflow尾流wakeflow回流backflow反流reverseflow射流jet自由射流freejet管流pipeflow,tubeflow內(nèi)流internalflow擬序結(jié)構(gòu)coherentstructure猝發(fā)過程burstingprocess表觀粘度apparentviscosity運(yùn)動(dòng)粘性kinematicviscosity動(dòng)力粘性dynamicviscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切層shearlayer次

18、層sublayer流動(dòng)分離flowseparation層流分離laminarseparation湍流分離turbulentseparation分離點(diǎn)separationpoint附著點(diǎn)attachmentpoint再附reattachment再層流化relaminarization起動(dòng)渦startingvortex駐渦standingvortex渦旋破碎vortexbreakdown渦旋脫落vortexshedding壓力降pressuredrop壓差阻力pressuredrag壓力能pressureenergy型阻profiledrag滑移速度slipvelocity無滑移條件non-sli

19、pcondition壁剪應(yīng)力skinfriction,frictionaldrag壁剪切速度frictionvelocity磨擦損失frictionloss磨擦因子frictionfactor耗散dissipation滯后lag相似性解similarsolution局域相似localsimilarity氣體潤滑gaslubrication液體動(dòng)力潤滑hydrodynamiclubrication漿體slurry泰勒數(shù)Taylornumber納維-斯托克斯方程N(yùn)avier-Stokesequation牛頓流體Newtonianfluid邊界層理論boundarylatertheory邊界層方程b

20、oundarylayerequation邊界層boundarylayer附面層boundarylayer層流邊界層laminarboundarylayer湍流邊界層turbulentboundarylayer溫度邊界層thermalboundarylayer邊界層轉(zhuǎn)捩boundarylayertransition邊界層分離boundarylayerseparation邊界層厚度boundarylayerthickness位移厚度displacementthickness動(dòng)量厚度momentumthickness能量厚度energythickness焓厚度enthalpythickness注入i

21、njection吸出suction泰勒渦Taylorvortex速度虧損律velocitydefectlaw形狀因子shapefactor測速法anemometry粘度測定法viscosimetry流動(dòng)顯示flowvisualization油煙顯示oilsmokevisualization孔板流量計(jì)orificemeter頻率響應(yīng)frequencyresponse油膜顯示oilfilmvisualization陰影法shadowmethod紋影法schlierenmethod煙絲法smokewiremethod絲線法tuftmethod說明氫泡法nydrogenbubblemethod相似理論

22、similaritytheory相似律similaritylaw部分相似partialsimilarity定理pitheorem,Buckinghamtheorem靜態(tài)校準(zhǔn)staticcalibration動(dòng)態(tài)校準(zhǔn)dynamiccalibration風(fēng)洞windtunnel激波管shocktube激波管風(fēng)洞shocktubewindtunnel水洞watertunnel拖曳水池towingtank旋臂水池rotatingarmbasin擴(kuò)散段diffuser測壓孔pressuretap皮托管pitottube普雷斯頓管prestontube斯坦頓管Stantontube文丘里管Venturit

23、ubeU形管U-tube壓強(qiáng)計(jì)manometer微壓計(jì)micromanometer多管壓強(qiáng)計(jì)multiplemanometer靜壓管staticpressuretube流速計(jì)anemometer風(fēng)速管Pitot-statictube激光多普勒測速計(jì)laserDoppleranemometer,laserDopplervelocimeter熱線流速計(jì)hot-wireanemometer熱膜流速計(jì)hot-filmanemometer流量計(jì)flowmeter粘度計(jì)viscosimeter渦量計(jì)vorticitymeter傳感器transducer,sensor壓強(qiáng)傳感器pressuretransdu

24、cer熱敏電阻thermistor示蹤物tracer時(shí)間線timeline脈線streakline尺度效應(yīng)scaleeffect壁效應(yīng)walleffect堵塞blockage堵寒效應(yīng)blockageeffect動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)dynamicresponse響應(yīng)頻率responsefrequency底壓basepressure菲克定律Ficklaw巴塞特力Bassetforce埃克特?cái)?shù)Eckertnumber格拉斯霍夫數(shù)Grashofnumber努塞特?cái)?shù)Nusseltnumber普朗特?cái)?shù)prandtlnumber雷諾比擬Reynoldsanalogy施密特?cái)?shù)schmidtnumber斯坦頓數(shù)Stanto

25、nnumber對(duì)流convection自由對(duì)流naturalconvection,freeconvec-tion強(qiáng)迫對(duì)流forcedconvection熱對(duì)流heatconvection質(zhì)量傳遞masstransfer傳質(zhì)系數(shù)masstransfercoefficient熱量傳遞heattransfer傳熱系數(shù)heattransfercoefficient對(duì)流傳熱convectiveheattransfer輻射傳熱radiativeheattransfer動(dòng)量交換momentumtransfer能量傳遞energytransfer傳導(dǎo)conduction熱傳導(dǎo)conductiveheattra

26、nsfer熱交換heatexchange臨界熱通量criticalheatflux濃度concentration擴(kuò)散diffusion擴(kuò)散性diffusivity擴(kuò)散率diffusivity擴(kuò)散速度diffusionvelocity分子擴(kuò)散moleculardiffusion沸騰boiling蒸發(fā)evaporation氣化gasification凝結(jié)condensation成核nucleation計(jì)算流體力學(xué)computationalfluidmechanics多重尺度問題multiplescaleproblem伯格斯方程Burgersequation對(duì)流擴(kuò)散方程convectiondiffu

27、sionequationKDU方程KDVequation修正微分方程modifieddifferentialequation拉克斯等價(jià)定理Laxequivalencetheorem數(shù)值模擬numericalsimulation大渦模擬largeeddysimulation數(shù)值粘性numericalviscosity非線性不穩(wěn)定性nonlinearinstability希爾特穩(wěn)定性分析Hirtstabilityanalysis相容條件consistencyconditionCFL條件Courant-Friedrichs-Lewycondition,CFLcondition狄里克雷邊界條件Diri

28、chletboundarycondition熵條件entropycondition遠(yuǎn)場邊界條件farfieldboundarycondition流入邊界條件inflowboundarycondition無反射邊界條件nonreflectingboundarycondition數(shù)值邊界條件numericalboundarycondition流出邊界條件outflowboundarycondition馮.諾伊曼條件vonNeumanncondition近似因子分解法approximatefactorizationmethod人工壓縮artificialcompression人工粘性artifici

29、alviscosity邊界元法boundaryelementmethod配置方法collocationmethod能量法energymethod有限體積法finitevolumemethod流體網(wǎng)格法fluidincellmethod,FLICmethod通量校正傳輸法flux-correctedtransportmethod通量矢量分解法fluxvectorsplittingmethod伽遼金法Galerkinmethod積分方法integralmethod標(biāo)記網(wǎng)格法markerandcellmethod,MACmethod特征線法methodofcharacteristics直線法meth

30、odoflines矩量法momentmethod多重網(wǎng)格法multi-gridmethod板塊法panelmethod質(zhì)點(diǎn)網(wǎng)格法particleincellmethod,PICmethod質(zhì)點(diǎn)法particlemethod預(yù)估校正法predictor-correctormethod投影法projectionmethod準(zhǔn)譜法pseudo-spectralmethod隨機(jī)選取法randomchoicemethod激波捕捉法shock-capturingmethod激波擬合法shock-fittingmethod譜方法spectralmethod稀疏矩陣分解法splitcoefficientmat

31、rixmethod不定常法time-dependentmethod時(shí)間分步法timesplittingmethod變分法variationalmethod渦方法vortexmethod隱格式implicitscheme顯格式explicitscheme交替方向隱格式alternatingdirectionimplicitscheme,ADIscheme反擴(kuò)散差分格式anti-diffusiondifferencescheme緊差分格式compactdifferencescheme守恒差分格式conservationdifferencescheme克蘭克-尼科爾森格式Crank-Nicolsonscheme杜福特