學術綜合英語unit課后習題答案

1、Unit 1Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtapositionTask 3 TranslationB. 發(fā)言提綱是有效發(fā)言的基礎。通過寫發(fā)言提綱，你可以確保你的思想是相關聯(lián)的，你的思路從一點談到另一點，你的講話結構是連貫的

2、。通常，準備講演你可以采用兩種提綱方式：詳細準備提綱和簡單發(fā)言提綱。在準備發(fā)言提綱中，應該寫出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以連貫的方式確定主要觀點和次要觀點，發(fā)言提綱應該由簡要的提要組成，這些提要在你講話時能夠給予你一些幫助。發(fā)言提綱還應該包括幫助你記憶的重點詞或重點短語。在寫發(fā)言提綱時，可采用準備提綱的模式，盡可能使你的發(fā)言提綱簡要，同時，要確保提綱清晰，易于辨認。C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2.

3、 In the course of preparing ones speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolsterones point of view.3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice.4. By using simile and

4、 metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience.5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time

5、avoid clutter in you speech.7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible.8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers ideas clearly and interestingly.9. You should mot blindly use a

6、word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first o

7、f all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Dont always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you shou

8、ld look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.Unit 2Task 2 Vocabulary Development devastating posed massive contribute to triple menace liability consensus entails plausibleplausible

9、portend pin down aggravating staggering on a par with emergence resurgence detract from inadequacyTask 3 TranslationB能源和人類利益有著雙重關系。人類歷史發(fā)展長河中，由于利用能源成本低廉，人們主要關注能源和人類安康關系中有利的一面。 然而，過去一百年以來人口以空前速度增長，引起了能源需求的激增，同時，人均工業(yè)能源需求亦急劇增長。因此，能源利用所需成本越來越高，無論是外延成本還是內(nèi)涵成本。一方面，能源資源加速減少，能源供應所需投入越來越高； 另一方面，相比之下，外延成本更加令人憂慮

10、，原因是能源利用嚴重威脅大眾健康和安全，不斷破壞全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，并可能引發(fā)大規(guī)模軍事沖突。C1. Energy use should benefit global sustainability so that it can contribute to long-term human well-being.2. Today, this consensus has given way to a variety of family styles as a result of people living longer, marrying later , and divorcing more.3. Muc

11、h of the current research entails close collaboration with industry, which leads to a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas.4. If we cannot pin down exactly what we are supposed to be managing, how can we manage it?5. The magnitude of urban migration in recent years is evidence of more disturbi

12、ng trends: the expanding gap between rich and poor, rapid population growth and increasing environmental degradation.6. The students perceived that the toxicity testing of an insecticide is on a par with that of a cosmetic.7. This presentation describes a large set of plausible goals, at least one o

13、f which should be achieved within years.9. Even the very mediocre services and food at the beauty spot did not detract from the enjoyment of the tourists.10. To finance her two daughters who are both at college, she began making handicraft to augment the family income.D. It is difficult to quantify

14、the total contribution of all these factors to the monetary costs of energy supply, in part because factors not related to the environment are often entwined with environmental ones. For example, construction delays have been caused not just by regulatory constraints but also by problems of engineer

15、ing, management and quality control. Nevertheless, in the US, environmental impacts have increased the monetary costs of supplying petroleum products by at least 25 percent during the past 20 years, and the costs of generating electricity from coal and nuclear power by 40 percent or more.Unit 3Task

16、2 Vocabulary DevelopmentA. in other words enforced regardless of address involved bordering on applied to suggest convictions availableB. subsequent whopping fatalities sporadically prior to prod turned up whim nail crashTask 3 TranslationB. 在感恩節(jié)的周末，24小時內(nèi)發(fā)生了2起車禍，撞死3人，使得過去2周里斯普林菲爾德城市道路上死亡人數(shù)上升到6人。本年度還

17、剩下最后1個月，在斯普林菲爾德至少有17人死于車禍，其中包括上周在44號州際公路上撞死的來自芝加哥的一家三口。周日，斯普林菲爾德的一對夫婦，58歲的喬恩.保爾和59歲的詹尼特.保爾在南格林斯頓大道的2400街區(qū)被車撞死.據(jù)警察講述,上午10點半左右, 喬恩.保爾南行的2001現(xiàn)代勝菲擦邊撞上了一輛同樣往南開的1995年出產(chǎn)的克萊斯勒柔斯,司機是27歲的查理.羅德,來自阿肯色州的山居。喬恩.保爾的車繼續(xù)南行,撞在斯普林菲爾德國家公墓的磚墻上,又撞上了一根公用電線桿。斯普林菲爾德消防隊把對夫婦從車里拉了出來，詹尼特.保爾杯當場宣布死亡，喬恩.保爾不省人事，被送到圣約翰地區(qū)醫(yī)療中心，之后也被宣布死亡

18、。警察在調(diào)查現(xiàn)場時交通被關閉了小時。C. 1. The statistics show that fatal traffic accidents increase by 15 percent because of the decline of traffic citations.2. The researchers point out that the innocent are often made to pay the price for the carelessness of drivers.3. Many people link traffic accidents to cell pho

19、ne usage, alcohol and speeding violations.4. Within four months of receiving a traffic ticket, a drivers risk of being involved in a crash will be back up to where it was before the citation.5. Besides enforcing highway safety laws, there are lots of other things for the government to spend money on

20、.6. Though millions of people die in traffic accidents every year, we have come to accept it as a way of life.7. According to related reports, every year millions of children around the world are permanently disabled in traffic accidents.8. The two researchers set out to see if there is a correlatio

21、n between traffic tickets and traffic accidents.9. In a separate event, a traffic cop was hit by a car and died when writing a traffic ticket.10. After a brief rest, everything is back to business as usual.D. Using a driving simulator, some US researchers studied the driving of 40 people. Some of th

22、em drove while talking on a cell phone, others navigated while drunk, and others drove with no such distractions or impairments. The results showed that there were three accidents in which the drivers were talking on cell phones-all of them involving a rear-ending. The research has found that those

23、talking on the phone while driving are more sluggish. In addition, talking on the phone can reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking.Unit4Task 2 Vocabulary DevelopmentA. HEJABCDIGFB. DDBABCBADATask 3 TranslationB.或許正是我們的男女社會觀念加深了

24、女人比男人話多這一模式化印象，甚至導致這些不同溝通方式的出現(xiàn)。如果一個女人真的在別人說話時插嘴，她或許會被認為是話多，或許會為此受到批評，因為我們的文化-還有其他許多文化-如此教導女性：她們?nèi)绻胍信宋毒捅仨毼撵o?；蛟S男性文化鼓勵男孩和男人支配談話并且更經(jīng)常打斷談話，而且健談和頻繁打斷話頭的男性不會為此受到批評。研究性別對交流所產(chǎn)生的作用的專家們針對溝通模式和溝通風格方面的這些差異進行探究，以便了解在男女對話中為什么會產(chǎn)生誤解。誤解的產(chǎn)生常常是因為他們的對話風格和方式存在極大的差異。為了能學會更好地和異性交流，我們有必要認識這些差異。C. 1. Since women often thin

25、k in terms of closeness and support, they struggle to preserve intimacy.2. Dont let her make mischief between you she is only jealous.3. Sexual harassment is an issue that frequently arises in the U.S. and that may strike you as peculiar, in part because your country may not have similar laws.4. The

26、re is a considerable measure of opposition both locally and in the media against the governments plan to build another nuclear power plant. But the government will get its way in the end.5. The Divorce Law Reform Union was founded by a small group of prominent British male leaders who set about effe

27、cting Doyles reform plans.6. In the early morning of April 15, 1912, the Titanic, the worlds largest ocean liner at the time, sank after striking an iceberg. Later investigation turned up at least 20 cases of people having premonitions of the disaster.7. Ending a speech is the most difficult part fo

28、r many speakers. A conclusion with appropriate mood and content requires a delicate touch.8. The study that Ellen quotes as her scientific basis for mens aversion to smart women is based on a study by psychology researchers at the University of Michigan.9. When you communicate, keep in mind that eve

29、n though English is considered the international language of business, it is a mistake to assume that every businessperson speaks good English.10. Granted, future domestic robots can help relieve housewives from heavy routine household chores. But moat families cannot afford such a machine even if i

30、t is available.D. In her best-selling book You Just Dont Understand, Deborah Tannen points out that, although American boys and girls often play together, they spend most of their time playing in same-sex groups. She also points out that boys and girls do play same games together, but their favorite

31、 games are very often quite different. Tannen and other researchers on this topic have found that young boys, say ages 8 though 12, tend to play outside the house rather than in the house, and they play in large groups that are hierarchically structured. A group of boys generally has a leader who te

32、lls the other boys what to do and how to do it. It is by giving orders and making the other boys play by the rules that boys achieve higher or more dominant status in their play groups.Writing Practice Task 1 This table features the relationship between learning and earning as well as salary differe

33、nces between men and women belonging to the four categories listed in the table. First, for women who have a high school diploma, their average income is $18,648 a year while men with the same learning earn $26,766 a year. Next, women who graduate with an associate degree earn $24,849 a year on aver

34、age while men with the same degree earn $32,349 a year. Then, women with a bachelors degree earn $29,284 a year and men with a bachelors degree earn $40,381 a year. Last, women with a masters degree earn $35,018 a year while men with the same degree earn more: $47,260 a year on average. As we can se

35、e here, the more one learns, the more one earns. And this accounts for the fact that students all over the world are working hard for higher degrees. Another fact that cannot be ignored is sex discrimination in pay. With the same educational background, women are earning 30% less than men on average

36、, which is a discouraging statistic.Task 2This bar graph shows how frequently people use their cellular phones to communicate with others. Each bar represents a particular group of people with whom cellular phone users communicate. Starting from the first bar on the left, we see that 73% of cellular

37、 phone users use their mobile phone to communicate with friends or family. Then, moving to the right, we see 48% of cellular phone users use their phone to communicate with their co-workers, 39% with other business associates, 31% with customers and 11% with others. As we can see, the cellular phone

38、 is most frequently used by people as a means of conveying personal or private messages. As a communication tool, the cellular phone is much safer and convenient compared with the desk telephone. It can be used almost anytime and anywhere. And with its reduced selling prices and cost, the cellular p

39、hone will become more and more popular.Task 3 This is a pie chart showing how on-the-job communication time is spent. As we can see, 55% of peoples on-the-job communication time is spent on listening, 13.3% on reading, 8.4% on writing and 23% on speaking. We can easily see the importance of listenin

40、g skills in the workplace as people spend more than half of their total on-the-job communication time listening to other people talking. They have to use their listening skills effectively while they are at meeting, having discussions, on the phone, or taking instructions. The second most important

41、communication skill is speaking. People at work often have to talk to others. For example, they have to talk to their boss, supervisors, colleagues and customers. Reading and writing skills are also important. In order to keep pace with the latest developments and up-to-date information in ones fiel

42、d, one has to read extensively: books, journals, magazines, newspapers and information on the Internet. Writing is important at work as well. Jobs involving research papers, memos, reports, etc. all require effective writing skills. In fact, whatever kind of job one has, one needs to be good at thes

43、e four basic communication skills. Task 4This is a line graph showing the number of children aged 12 and under who were diagnosed with HIV and died of AIDS from 1985 to 1995.As we can see, during a ten-year period of time, the number of HIV-infected children rose from 250 in 1985 to 6,700 in 1995. I

44、n other words, the number of HIV-infected children under 12 increased by almost 3,000%, or nearly 30 times over a ten-year period of time and during the same period of time 3,811 children died of Aids. This is a heartbreaking fact, and in the majority of cases children acquire HIV from their infecte

45、d mother during pregnancy, labour, delivery or, after birth, through breastfeeding. Also, a small number of children acquire HIV infection as a result of receiving unscreened infected blood or blood products.Therefore, the most effective way to reduce the number of children who become infected with

46、HIV is to prevent HIV infection in parents-to-be. This requires strengthening of family-planning service. Of course, health education is also very important. People need to know that children can become infected with HIV. At the same time more care and support should be given to the HIV-infected chi

47、ldren so that they can live a longer and better life.Unit5Task 2 Vocabulary DevelopmentB enacted implement intractable impact fragile payoffs prosecuted accountable compliance pettyTask 3 TranslationB. 當前是一個信息即時交流的時代，要想掩蓋惡行越來越難，因為眼下私人偵探、走漏政府內(nèi)部信息的人、憤憤不平的競爭對手以及那些刨根問底的記者們都會把那些貪污腐敗的官員和奸商暴露出來。由于腐化墮落會斷送事業(yè)

48、前程，所以曝光是一種重要的威懾力量。僅去年一年，被丑聞拉下臺的就有烏克蘭總理、南非副總統(tǒng)、巴西執(zhí)政黨領袖、肯尼亞政府的幾名地位顯赫的部長以及美國眾議院多數(shù)黨領袖。但是要確保腐敗丑聞不會像色情電視劇那樣重復上演，就必須進行系統(tǒng)的變革。領導層的變革在諸如世界銀行、經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織、聯(lián)合國、透明國際以及國際商會等重點機構已經(jīng)展開或者即將展開。改革后的新領導班子應該與非政府組織以及其他重要機構（如出口信貸機構、國際執(zhí)法部門等）領導人攜手合作，以便制定全面的反腐戰(zhàn)略，就近期和中期行動達成共識。C. 1. Acid rain poisons fish, destroys forest, and corr