考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案解析

1、2017年考研英語(yǔ)一（答案及解析）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" _1_ helping you feel close and _2

2、_to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _3_ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _4_ getting sick this winter.In a recent study _5_ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania exa

3、mined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs _6_ the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being _7_ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come _8_ with a cold, and the researchers _9_ that the stress-red

4、ucing effects of hugging _10_ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _11_ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe _12_."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _13_ risk for colds that's usually_

5、14_ with stress," Notes sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps _15_ the feeling that others are there to help _16_difficulty."Some experts _17_ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,

6、often called"the bonding hormone" _18_ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it_19_ in the brain, wher

7、e it _20_ mood, behavior and physiology.1. ABesidesBUnlikeCThroughoutDDespite2. AequalBrestrictedCconnectedDinferior3. AviewBhostClessonDchoice4. AavoidBforgetCrecallDkeep5. AcollectingBaffectingCguidingDinvolving6. AonBinCatDof7. AdevotedBattractedClostDexposed8. AalongBacrossCdownDout9. AimaginedB

8、deniedCdoubtedDcalculated10. AservedBrestoredCexplainedDrequired11. AThusBStillCRatherDEven12. AdefeatsBsymptomsCerrorsDtests13. AhighlightedBincreasedCcontrolledDminimized14. ApresentedBequippedCassociatedDcompared15. AassessBgenerateCmoderateDrecord16. Ain the name ofB in the form ofC in the face

9、ofD in the way of17. AattributeBcommitCtransferDreturn18. AunlessBbecauseCthoughDuntil19. AremainsBemergesCvanishesDdecreases20. AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluences完型答案：1-5: ACBAD6-10: ADCDC11-15: DBBCB16-20:CABADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.

10、Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasi

11、ngly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air trave

12、lers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover i

13、nvestigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago&

14、#39;s O' Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the

15、 issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly disputethis.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airport

16、s or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for every

17、one involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming

18、 reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in

19、unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned toA explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize

20、the importance of privacy protection.答案 A答案解釋 根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 The Crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 定位到第一段第 3 句。該句提到埃及航空公司的 804 航班被擊落又一次提醒了為什么要進(jìn)行安檢。該句的前兩句提到了美國(guó)的大型機(jī)場(chǎng)對(duì)旅客提出了更多的安檢要求，但旅客為了安全愿意忍受耗時(shí)的安檢程序。所以 A 符合文意。22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags

21、.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.答案 C答案解釋 根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 long wait 定位到第二段第 2 句。這句話中提到加強(qiáng)的安全措施和航空旅游的數(shù)量的增加導(dǎo)致了大型機(jī)場(chǎng)的 long wait。題干中用 contribute to，原文中用同義短語(yǔ) result in。選項(xiàng) C 中的 an increase in the number of travellers 和原文中的 rise inai

22、rline travel 意思相同。兒加強(qiáng)安全措施在其它幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)提到過(guò)。故正確選項(xiàng)為 C。23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning toA quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.答案 D答案解釋 應(yīng)該出上下文中推斷出單詞的意思。題干關(guān)鍵詞 expedited 出現(xiàn)在第五段的第 2 句話，這句話指出那些背景審核合格的乘客才能走 expedited 篩查過(guò)道。后句解釋這使得 TSA 能把注意力集中在那些高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的旅客身上，以節(jié)省大家的時(shí)間。D 選項(xiàng) faster 更快，是原文中

23、 saving time 的同義詞替換。故正確選項(xiàng)為 D。24. One problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.答案 D答案解釋 提干中的關(guān)鍵詞 One problem with the PreCheck program 可以定位在文中第六段第 2 句話，該

24、句提到自從一開(kāi)始預(yù)先檢查的價(jià)格標(biāo)簽一直是致命的缺陷，文中的 fatal flaw 是題干中的 problem 的同義置換，下文中有進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明接下來(lái)的改革可能會(huì)使價(jià)格調(diào)整到一個(gè)更合理的水平。根據(jù)這兩句話，可以推斷出現(xiàn)在 PreCheck program 的價(jià)格是不合理的。選項(xiàng) D 符合文意。25. Which of the following would be the bestfor the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Un

25、derused PreCheck Lanes答案 C答案解釋 文中第一段提到權(quán)威人士建議在美國(guó)大型機(jī)場(chǎng)搭乘國(guó)內(nèi)航班現(xiàn)在要提前三個(gè)小時(shí)候機(jī)，第二段第一句又進(jìn)一步提到美國(guó)人愿意忍受這種耗時(shí)的安檢程序，第三段的第二句話說(shuō)加強(qiáng)安全措施和航空旅游人數(shù)的增加導(dǎo)致了在大型機(jī)場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間候機(jī)，第五、六段提出了通過(guò)了現(xiàn)在的 PreCheck program 來(lái)解決長(zhǎng)時(shí)間候機(jī)問(wèn)題在價(jià)格方面的缺陷。在最后一段又重申，大多數(shù)的旅客依然遭遇不必要的排隊(duì)候機(jī)問(wèn)題。所以，可以看出，全文以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間候機(jī)為主線貫穿始終，故正確答案為 C。Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”

26、wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that

27、promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful teles

28、copes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalis

29、ts have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of

30、understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, wi

31、th roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there

32、ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy communi

33、ty is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. TheTMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and the

34、ir sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astr

35、onomy in ancient Hawaiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.答案 B答案解釋文中第一句提到古代的夏威夷人是天文學(xué)家。第三句話，話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，“sadly”, 提到當(dāng)今的夏威夷人在天文學(xué)上表現(xiàn)不盡如人意。暗指天文學(xué)在古代的重要性。故選 B。27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geo

36、graphical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications. D its existing infrastructure.答案 A答案解釋 根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話，But 屬于提示詞。Mauna Kea 也是世界上具有影響力的望遠(yuǎn)鏡的家園。后面繼續(xù)介紹它的地理優(yōu)勢(shì)。所以選 A。28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellect

37、ual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.答案 B答案解釋 根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。第二句話一小部分當(dāng)?shù)氐南耐娜撕铜h(huán)境專家一直認(rèn)為該地是不圣神之地，而且讓人痛苦地回憶起曾經(jīng)被占領(lǐng)。故此題選 B。29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy A is fulfill

38、ing the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.答案 C答案解釋 根據(jù)該段最后一句話跟倒數(shù)第二句話指出，他們忽略了天文學(xué)和夏威夷文化試圖回答的問(wèn)題：我們是誰(shuí)，我們從哪兒來(lái)，要到哪兒去。最后一句話指出這就是我們探索星空的原因。據(jù)此可以推出 may uncover the origin of Hawa

39、iian culture。故 C 為正確選項(xiàng)30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.答案 DD full approval.答案解釋 本題是一道態(tài)度題，題干中問(wèn)及作者對(duì)選擇 Mauna Kea 作為 TMT 的地址的態(tài)度。文章的最后一句話作者用一個(gè)雙重否定的句子清楚地表達(dá)了自己對(duì)這件事情的看法。句子的意思是：沒(méi)有任何理由不歡迎大家到 Mauna Kea 去研究星空，但

40、同時(shí)又能保護(hù)他們的文化遺產(chǎn)。故正確答案為 D。Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring t

41、o.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemploymen

42、t and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on

43、that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engage

44、ment have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of howcountries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as

45、 health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: Wh

46、en GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include importa

47、nt factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policy

48、makers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress. 31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.D had a low

49、 opinion of GDP.答案 D答案解釋首先要找到例子所對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)，例子出現(xiàn)在第一段的第一句，第二句是其對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)，與選項(xiàng) had a low opinion of GDP 是同義替換。故答案 D。32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in

50、 the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.答案 C答案解釋根據(jù)第二段第四句話，“英國(guó)的 GDP 是西方世界的羨慕對(duì)象”，第五句話話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，“如果一切都運(yùn)作正常的話，為什么一千七百萬(wàn)人選擇脫歐”。暗指英國(guó)否認(rèn) GDP 的貢獻(xiàn)。故答案 C.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt excludes GDP as an indicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countries.CIts c

51、riteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.答案 D答案解釋根據(jù)題干 recent annual study 定位到第三段第一句話“一項(xiàng)最近關(guān)于國(guó)家和他們?cè)黾有腋８心芰Φ哪甓妊芯繄?bào)告給這個(gè)問(wèn)題一些啟發(fā)”是 Its results are enlightening 的同義替換。故答案 D。34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an

52、 economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.答案 C答案解釋 根據(jù)題干可以看出，答案來(lái)源句是第一段的第二句話，這句話的意思是，盡管 it 指的是美國(guó)最高法庭撤銷了弗吉尼亞州長(zhǎng) Robert Mcdonnell 的腐敗罪名，但是他們卻對(duì)他的行為準(zhǔn)則嗤之以鼻。文中的 holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct 是選項(xiàng) C 中 was contemptuous of McD

53、onnells conduct 的同義改寫，故答案為 C。35. Which of the following is the bestfor the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lessonBGDP figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthC Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPDBrexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-being答案 A答案解釋 全文圍繞著 GDP 反映民生幸福的內(nèi)容展開(kāi)，所以帶有 GDP 的選項(xiàng)優(yōu)先。

54、正確答案在 AB 中選擇，選擇 B 中明顯說(shuō) GDP 對(duì)于健康經(jīng)濟(jì)的指引，與全文主線矛盾。選項(xiàng) A 中的 lesson 一詞文中也出現(xiàn)過(guò)。故答案為 A。Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which includ

55、ed accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governors decisions on “specific” and “unse

56、ttled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But u

57、nder anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representati