2016年職稱英語考試?yán)砉真題及答案【完整版】

1、2016 年職稱英語理工B 真題第一部分：詞匯選項(第 115 題，每題1 分，共 15 分)下面每個句子中均有1 個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定1 個意義最為接近的選項。1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are (at risk of) flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC. between equalsD. in particular2. The courses gives you basic (instruction) in maintenance.A. ideaB. termC.

2、 aspectD. coaching3. We are aware of the (potential) problems.A. possibleB. globalC. ongoingD. central4. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A. regulatedB. increasedC. fellD. maintained5. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation.A. imaginationB. confirmatio

3、nC. recallD. disclosure6. The details of the costume were totally (authentic).A. realB. outstandingC. creativeD. false7. The new (garment) fits her perfectly.A. haircutB. purseC. clothesD. necklace8. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.A. stableB. suitableC. changeableD

4、. adaptable9. The idea was quite (brilliant).A. positiveB. keyC. originalD. clever10. They have built canals to (irrigate) the desert.A. decorateB. changeC. waterD. visit11. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a (toddler).A. disabledB. pupilC. babyD. teenager12. The coastal area has ver

5、y (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warmB. severeC. hardD. dry13. The phobia may have its roots in a childhood (trauma).A. fearB. joyC. hurtD. memory14. You will have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train.A. jumpB. runC. escapeD. prepare15. Jesen is a dangerous man

6、, and can be very (brutal).A. carelessB. strongC. cruelD. hard第二部分：閱讀判斷（第 1622 題，每題1 分，共 7 分）下面的短文列出了7 個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇 CoThe Theory of EverythingIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than

7、Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration（ 分解 ）of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.Today Stephen Hawki

8、ng cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste of smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.Hawking Is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einste

9、in, but to the world outside science. He is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such a

10、s washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?Despite his tremendous p

11、hysical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of“ blacink shpoalecse. N”ow he is looking for a setof rules that everything in our

12、universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.If Stephen Hawking it able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of sci

13、ence and probably also the way we live.16. Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.A. Right B. Wrong C. N

14、ot mentioned 19. A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets

15、 ofA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The Theory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in the universe follows. A. RightB. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分：概況大意與完成句子（第 2330 題，每題1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有2 項測試任務(wù)：（ 1 ） 第 2326 題要求從所給的6 個選項中為第25 段每段選擇1 個最佳選項標(biāo)題；（ 2）第2730 題要求從所給的6 個選項中為每個句子確定1 個最佳選項。Geotherm

16、al （地?zé)幔〦nergy1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma（ 巖漿 ）. The magma asce

17、nds in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where i

18、t will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable （不可滲透的）rock, it remains trapped,forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells n

19、aturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little orno water. In these cases, the steam is pipe dup directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal p

20、ower plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary（雙重的）plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300to 700 Fa

21、hrenheit.This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are the

22、n reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.A. Dry steam plantsB. Binary plantsC. Origin of geothermal energyD. Generation of electricityE. Flash steam plantsF. Recyclable water and st

23、eam4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fah renheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23. Par

24、agraph 1 C24. Paragraph2 A25. Paragraph3 E26. Paragraph4 B27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _ B.28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with D.29. Flash plants produce hot water throughC_.30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted int

25、o _AA the energy to turn a turbineB. impermeable rockC. one or two separatorsD. turbine operatorE. little or no waterF. hot springs第四部分：閱讀理解 （第3045題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇：Can You Hear This?禮堂），listeners hear the soundWhen something creates a sound wave in a room or an

26、auditorium （ wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant （ 反射的 ） sound , which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .The reverberation time of

27、 an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium .It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room （including the people ） absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-sound performance of music such as W

28、agner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design .Smooth, curved （彎曲的 ）reflectingsurfaces create large reflections. Par

29、allel（ 平行的 ） walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid ,repetitive pulsing（ 有節(jié)奏的跳動）effect. Large pillars （ 柱 ）and corners can cause acoustic shadowsas the sound waves try to pass around the object . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the rever

30、beration time of a room .For example , hanging large reflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.31. This Passage is mainly about.A. sound waves and their acoustic effect .B. the types of musi

31、c orchestras playC. walls of an auditoriumD. the design of an auditorium32. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with.A. a short reverberation timeB. a long reverberation timeC. an intermediate reverberation timeD. no reverberation time33. This passage suggests that a go

32、od auditorium should.A. achieve a pleasing mixture of soundB. get rid of all reflectionsC. not have absorbers.D. have smooth surfaces34. Large pillars and corners may.A. make sound rich and fullB. be cures for sound problemsC. be sources of sound problems D. function as well as clouds35. The word “

33、acousticin ”the last paragraph has something to do with.歡迎下載14A. performanceB. MusicC. soundD. noise第二篇：Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association （NBA） and

34、 holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity（ 名氣 ）. Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball

35、 prowess（ 杰出的才能）also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft（ 選拔）,he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough no NBAplayer of his size has ever possessed his

36、mobility, so he is a handful（ 難對付的人）for opponents oneither end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of t

37、he NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture（ 骨折 ）in his left foot, a collective shudder（ 震動 ）spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his ov

38、erburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chi

39、nese medicine （TCM） treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair."There is no re

40、ason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it's short on science."36.The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means.A. largeB. fatC. tallD. great37. Opponents find it very diff

41、icult to control Yao Ming because of his.A. mobilityB. assaultC. defenseD. celebrity38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because.A. his right foot had been hurting.B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C. the surgical operation had been a failure.D. he couldn't afford all

42、the medical expenses.39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. He missed the Athens Olympics.B. He is an NBA player.C. He fractured his left foot.D. He is an international figure.40. In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is.A. indifferentB. positiveC. negative D. doubtful

43、第三篇：Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting ， but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However ， windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologie

44、s that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.“ It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He r s a professoof solid- state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden.“ It s contact with the outside

45、world. You have tohave visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are importantfor improving the way people feel when the y re stuck indoors.Yet， windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter ， cold

46、air leaks in. When it s hot and ，susnunnylight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air ， which can feel so refreshing（ 使人清新的）， actually suck up enormous amounts ofelectr

47、icity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years， scientistshave come up with a variety of strategies for coating ， glazing（ 用玻璃覆蓋）， and layering windows tomake them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use

48、 chromogenic（發(fā)色的 ）technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic（ 電致色的） windows use electricity to change color. For example ， a sheet of glasscoated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide（ 氧化鎢 ） works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric c

49、harge is applied and dark when the charge is removed， thatis， when the amount of voltage（ 電壓 ） is decreased ， the window darkens until it s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One impor tant feature that makes a

50、 smart window so smart is that it has a sort of“ memory. ” Alltakes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then， it stays that way.Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes ， depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows co

51、uld mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “ In the future, ” Granqvist says, “ our buildings may look different.”41. Which of the following of values of windows is NOT mentioned?A. They let light in to brighten the house.B. They let light in to heat the house.C. They let us

52、have visual contact with the surrounding world.D. They let us think about the outside world.42. The expression “ when it comes to in”Paragraph 3 is used to.A. signal the arrival of a guestB. indicate the recovery of consciousnessC. show our understanding of somethingD. introduce a new aspect of a to

53、pic43. According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that.A. are coatedB. are glazedC. have several layersD. can change color44. Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows changing?A. Paragraphs 5B. Paragraph 3.C. Paragraph 4.D. Paragraphs 6.45. A smart window is sm

54、art mainly because.A. it can change its sizeB. it can change its structureC. it can change the voltage of electricityD. it has a sort of memory第五部分：補全短文(第 4650 題，每題2 分，共 10 分)下面的短文有5 處空白，短文后有6 個句子，其中5 個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the stran

55、ge things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person s mind and emotions.Before modem times,

56、 many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. E(46)The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person s wishes. He be

57、lieved that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud'' s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to commu

58、nicate a message to the dreamer. F(47) For example, people who dream about falling may learn thatthey have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa