2021屆課標(biāo)版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分專題四冠詞和名詞

1、專題四冠詞和名詞考點(diǎn)1不定冠詞的用法典例 12019 湖 北黃岡 高三質(zhì) 量檢測(cè)，68Confucius wasextraordinary educator andphilosopher, and founded Confucianism.解析，句意:孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲學(xué)家，他創(chuàng)立了儒家學(xué)說。此處表泛指，且extraordinary 的發(fā)音以元 音音素開頭，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。答案* an an苣含有不定冠詞的習(xí)慣搭配典例 2 Li Hua hasgood knowledge of English and this will beadvantage overothers when he

2、 looks for job.舞折'句意:李華精通英語，這將是他找工作時(shí)比別人有優(yōu)勢(shì)的地方。第一空用a, have a good knowledge of表示"精通"第二空用an,此處表示泛指，且advantage的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭；第三空用a,表示泛指，且job的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。邑案a; an; a不定冠詞的活用 典例 3 2019 河北衡水中學(xué)高三一調(diào) ，55splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.IWr* Hangzhou是專有名詞，其前有形容詞splendid修飾，且splendid的發(fā)音以輔音音

3、素開頭，故此處應(yīng)用不定冠詞a,表示"一個(gè)極好的杭州"。注意此處冠詞a應(yīng)大寫。答。A考點(diǎn)2定冠詞的用法E定冠詞的基本用法典區(qū)ij 4 We should treasure every moment of sincerity and gratefulness becausebestthings will be gone very easily.解析,此處表示"最好的東西很容易失去"，空后有形容詞最高級(jí)best,故要用定冠詞the o答案-ha the典例 5 There' s no such thing as living alone. Never

4、mind if you' reonly person in yourhouse and have no dog, no cat, and even no fish.解析,本空后面有"only+單數(shù)名詞"，因此用定冠詞the。答*he典區(qū)J 6 Today, the Long March for us is to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals" as well as Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation（ 復(fù)興）.解析,Chinese Dream為普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，因

5、此其前用定冠詞。Y the苣含有定冠詞的習(xí)慣搭配典區(qū)J 7 2019 遼寧六校高三聯(lián)考，70The author shows the extreme struggle of the characters in face of hardships, and describes the truth, the good and the beauty in human nature.析卜句意:作者表現(xiàn)了人物面對(duì)苦難時(shí)的極端掙扎，描寫了人性的真善美。in the face of為固定搭配，表示"面X寸'，故填the答翼the考點(diǎn)4名詞的數(shù)U可數(shù)名詞典區(qū)J 8 2019 河北石家莊二模，

6、69But recent(study) have shown that it might be morecommon than experts thought.解析,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞在句中作主語，謂語為have shown,所以主語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。study變復(fù)數(shù)形 式時(shí)，要變-y為-i再加-es。答鼠 studies典例 9 Where did you two have your(stomach) examined?一At the doctor ' s.We were examined by two famous (German).解析,第一空指的是兩個(gè)人的胃，所以stomac

7、h要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，又因?yàn)榇藛卧~中-ch的發(fā)音為/k/,所以此單詞 變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要在后面加-s;由答語中的two可知,第二空所填詞表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，German的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans。stomachs; Germans考點(diǎn)5名詞所有格U-' S所有格(morning) hard work.典例 10 Since most students are in need of a nap, proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole解析'此處表示"一整個(gè)上

8、午的努力學(xué)習(xí)之后"，應(yīng)填名詞所有格morning 答案，morning ' s典區(qū)J 11 2019 全國 I ,69Of考查冠詞的基本用法nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three aredeclining, six (are) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析.句意:在這19個(gè)已知的北極熊亞種群中，有3個(gè)正在減少,6個(gè)保持穩(wěn)定,1個(gè)在增長，還有9個(gè)缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。由語境可知，此處表示特指，故填定冠詞the o答. the.考法總結(jié) 考

9、查了定冠詞表示"特指"的基本用法。語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)涉及定冠詞和不定冠詞的題目，一般 都是考查其基本用法?？挤? 考查冠詞的常用搭配典例 12 2018 全國 m ,62Unexpectedly, I' m face -to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.解析,句意：出人意料的是，我和那只大猩猩面對(duì)面，她開始聲嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top of為固定搭配。答案。a0 the.考法總結(jié)含有冠詞的某些搭配是固定的，因此考生要盡量多記一些這樣的常用搭配，才能在考試中游刃

10、有余?？挤?考查語境中名詞的數(shù)和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換典例 13 2019 北京，6No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various(activity) on Earth Day.解析.句意:無論你喜歡做什么，總有一種方式可以讓你參與地球日的各種活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意、句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及空前的various可知，空處填復(fù)數(shù)名詞activities,表示泛指。activities考法總結(jié)考查了名詞的數(shù)。解答有關(guān)可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的題目要注意兩點(diǎn)：(1)名詞前若有many, (a) few,several, all, various(

11、 如本題)修飾，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；(2)若謂語動(dòng)詞為are, were, have 等，作主語的名詞一般 要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。典例 14 2017 丙卷(全國 W ),46She is determined to carryon with her(educate).集折'考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞her后應(yīng)用educate的名詞形式，故填education。答案 education考法總結(jié)考查了詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，因此，考生對(duì)提示詞加后綴變?yōu)槊~的知識(shí)要多加關(guān)注。釋疑難易混易錯(cuò)難點(diǎn)1冠詞使用情況的對(duì)比典例 15 When did you last meet her?I don &#

12、39; t remember exactly ,but I ' m sure it was unforgettable Friday when I went for a walk afterwonderful lunch.解析.此處Friday和lunch前都有形容詞修飾，且兩處均表示泛指，所以均用不定冠詞。unforgettable 的發(fā)音 以元音音素開頭，故其前應(yīng)用an;wonderful的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故其前用a。答集an; a難點(diǎn)2 名詞的"數(shù)"的判斷典例 162020 江西臨川一中適應(yīng)性考試,61One is Smartkins Animals, w

13、hich helps many(child) identify more than 100 animals and the other is Rainbow Colors, which teaches kids colors.解析，句意:一個(gè)是Smartkins Animals,它幫助許多孩子識(shí)別100多種動(dòng)物，另一個(gè)是Rainbow Colors,它教孩子們顏色。根據(jù)空前的many可知，空處應(yīng)該用child的復(fù)數(shù)形式，注意child變復(fù)數(shù)形式是在其后加-ren。children明方法,高分突破方法1 弄清名詞的數(shù)，考慮特指或泛指典例 17 Of the two apples, which o

14、ne do you prefer?一bigger one. It ismost delicious one, I think.解析第一空用The,特指兩個(gè)蘋果中較大的那個(gè)第二空用a,此處most表示"很，非常"，因?yàn)楸容^對(duì)象只有兩個(gè)所以第二空不能用the。答集The; a方法2 理清題意，牢記固定搭配典例 18 2019 山東淄博二模，69Moxibustion( 艾灸)normally refers to placing moxa(艾)directly on acupoints( 穴位)or holding moxa sticks at distance to warm

15、the body.解析.句意:艾灸通常是指將艾直接放在穴位上或持著艾條隔著一段距離暖身。at a distance為固定搭配，意為"離一段距離"。易混短語in the distance表示"在遠(yuǎn)處 在遠(yuǎn)方"。答.a方法3 確定名詞考點(diǎn)，注意搭配并掌握詞綴典區(qū)J 19 But much like other sports events, a lot of professional(compete)rule the triathlon world.睇析根據(jù)語境和professional可知，本空用提示詞的名詞形式competitor"參賽者&quo

16、t;，再結(jié)合a lot of以及謂語動(dòng)詞rule可知要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案 competitors酩習(xí)思用 BC噬檢測(cè)- I1 . 2019 全國 m ,66When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting（compete） to watch, together with the story behind it.2 .2019 浙;X 6 月，57Everybody wears same style of clothes.3 .2018 浙yX 11 月

17、，64One study showed that （woman） who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.4 .2017 甲卷（全國 口）,61It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible （crowd） on the roads above as they

18、 travelled to and from work.5 .2017 丙卷（全國 W ）,62Instead, she is earning £ 6,500 a day asmodel in New York.6 .2017 浙江 11 月，56Like many things in life, it ' songoing process, and the best part ofthe process is that there' s enough room for improvement.7 .2017 浙;工 6 月,56Last October, while

19、 tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small（carrot） and was about to throw them away.8 .2016 乙卷（全國 I ）,69The nursery team switches him every few （day） with his sister.9 .2016 甲卷（全國 口）,62Then, handle the most important tasks first so you' ll feel a real sense

20、of（achieve）.10 . 2016 甲卷（全國 n ）,68Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.11 . 2016 浙yX 6 月,2 prize for the winner of the competition istwo-week holidayin Paris.12 . 2015 重慶,3I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman weari

21、ng a mask.13 . 2019 全國 I 改錯(cuò) To everyone ' s surprising） the ball went into the net. 14 . 2019 全國 口 改錯(cuò)Since I was a kid, I ' ve considered different job I would like to do. 15 . 2017 乙卷（全國 I ）改錯(cuò)I still remember how hard first day was. 16 . 2017 甲卷（全國 口）改錯(cuò)Besides, they often get some useful in

22、formations from the Ipetition習(xí)思用真題檢測(cè)句意：當(dāng)他們沒有工作的時(shí)候，他們邀請(qǐng)我們參加當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)，讓我們知道一個(gè)可以觀看的有趣的比賽，以及它背后的故事。根據(jù)know of an interesting可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞單數(shù)形式，作know of的賓語。2 .the根據(jù)語境和 same可知，此處用the表示特指，the same style of clothes 表示"同樣款式的衣服"。3 .women 結(jié)合"they were pregnant" 以及that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞were 可知，此處

23、要用 woman的復(fù)數(shù)形式 women。4 .crowds 考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。crowd（人群）為可數(shù)名詞，且其前沒有限定詞修飾，故此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5 .a model是可數(shù)名詞，其發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭且此處表泛指，故填a。6 .an 此處表示"它是一個(gè)持續(xù)的過程"，表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞；又因?yàn)閛ngoing的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填 不定冠詞an。7 .carrots根據(jù)上文的"a handful of" 及后文的代詞them 可知，此處表示"一把小胡蘿卜",所以應(yīng)用carrot的復(fù)數(shù)形式。8 .days few 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故此空填days。every few days 意為&quo