初中英語語法-名詞性從句練習(xí)題

1、初中英語語法English Grammar名詞性從句*第十一章 名詞性從句在主從復(fù)合句中，從句可以充當(dāng)主句的主語、表語、賓語或同位 語。由于在多數(shù)情況下，主語、表語、賓語或同位語這四種句子成分 由名詞性詞類充當(dāng)，所以，我們把這些作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句統(tǒng)稱為 名詞性從句，把充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語或同位語的從句分別稱為主語 從句、表語從句、賓語從句或同位語從句。也就是說充當(dāng)什么成分就 叫什么從句。名詞性從句由連接詞（或關(guān)聯(lián)詞）引導(dǎo)。常用的連接詞 有：連接詞作用whether 是否that （本身無詞義）只起連接詞作用，引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中不作任何成分who, whom, whosewhich哪一個wha

2、t什么，所的在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語when什么時候，where什么地方how怎樣、怎么，why為什么除了起連接詞作用外，還在從句中作狀語疑問詞（who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how/）可以引導(dǎo)主語、賓語和表語從句。它們的特點是：1、疑問詞有 本身的詞義；2、疑問詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語或狀 語；3、這種疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句一律用陳述語序，不能用疑問語序。For example:Do you know whom they are looking for?

3、你知道他們在找誰嗎？（賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是 whom are they looking for? ）I don ' t know who did it.我不知道這是誰干的。（賓語從句。在從句中如果疑問詞作主語，其陳述語序和疑問語序一致。）She asked me where I had been.她問我到哪兒去了。（賓語從句。陳述語序，不能是 where had I been.直接引語，間接引語。注意這句話的時態(tài)。）Can you tell me when the train will arrive?你能告訴我火車什么時候到嗎？（賓語從句。陳述語序，不能是whenwill the

4、 train arrive. 直接引語，間接引語。）I don ' t know why he hasn' t come yet. 我不知道他為什么 還沒來。（賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是 why hasn' t he comeyet.）He didn ' t tell me what you were doing.他沒和我說你在干 什么。（賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是 what were you doing.）你所做What you have done might do harm t other people.過的事情有可能傷害別人。 （主語從句。 what 作從

5、句的賓語。陳述語序，不能是what have you done. 如果用疑問語序，意思發(fā)生了變化，成了“你做了什么？”。 ）I don t know where he is now. 我不知道他現(xiàn)在在哪里。 （賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是 where is he now. ）Where he went for his weekend is not known. 不知道他去哪里過的周末。 （主語從句， where 作從句的地點狀語。陳述語序，不能是 where did he go for his weekend. ）Whose fault this is is not important.這是誰的

6、過錯并不重要。 （主語從句， whose 作從句的定語。 陳述語序， 不能是 whosefaultis this. ）What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend.我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。 （這句話包含兩個名詞性從句：what I want to know 是主語從句， what 在從句中作賓語，從句用陳述語序，不能是 What do I want to know. Where he has gone forhis weekend 是表語從句， where 在從句中作狀語， 從句用陳述語序，不能是 where has

7、he gone for his weekend. ）下面我們再分別講述主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。主語從句that 引1 that 引導(dǎo)主語從句時， that 沒有意義，但不能省略。導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以省略。 )For example:It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的頭發(fā)正在變白， 這使她很不安。 that 引導(dǎo)主語從句， it 作形式主語， that 不能省略。That she is a rich woman is known to us all.眾所周知，她是個富有的女人。這是that 引導(dǎo)主語從句， t

8、hat 不能省略。這句話可以改為用 it 作形式主語的句型。請同學(xué)們改寫： It isknown to us all that she is a rich woman. )We didn t know (that) you had sold your house. 我們不知道你已經(jīng)把你的房子賣了。這是that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句， that 可以省略。注意這句話的時態(tài)。2 從句作主語時，多數(shù)情況下由it 作形式主語，而把主語從句放在后面，尤其是謂語部分(包括賓語)較短的情況下。For example:It wasn t very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。It

9、is important that he should come on time.他按時來是很重要的。It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writerhere. 左邊那個人是本地的一位著名作家，這是真的。這里，第一個 that 引導(dǎo)主語從句， 是單純的連詞， 無詞義， 不作句子成分。第二個 that 是指示代詞，作句子成分，是man 的定語。3 whether 既可以引導(dǎo)主語從句也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句， 但 if 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。 whether 后面可以加or not, 而 if 不能與 or not 連用。作介詞賓語時不用

10、 if. 如：Whether I knew John doesn t matter. = It doesn t matterwhether I knew John. 我是否認(rèn)識約翰沒有關(guān)系。Whether or not she ll come isn t clear. = Whether she llcome or not isn ' t clear. = It isn ' t clear whether . 她 是否來還不清楚。It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.這是主語從句還是賓語從句？ it 是形式

11、主語嗎？ it 是代詞，whether 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句， 作介詞 on 的賓語， 不能用 if 引導(dǎo)。請翻譯這句話。這完全取決于我們是否能得到他們的合作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.賓語從句，介詞賓語，不能用 if 引導(dǎo)。請翻譯這句話。She asked me whether/if you were married. 賓語從句，既可以用 whether, 又可以用 if 引導(dǎo)。注意時態(tài)的對應(yīng)。請翻譯這句話。We haven t decided whether/if we shall give them aid.I m not sure

12、whether/if the report is believable.Now let s do some translation:現(xiàn)在還很難預(yù)測誰會贏得下一屆總統(tǒng)選舉。It is still hard to predict whowill win the next presidential election.對于多數(shù)公民來說，誰當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)無關(guān)緊要。Who will become the president doesn t matter much to most citizens.這位前總統(tǒng)是否會被判處死刑還有待觀察。It remains to be seen whether the ex-pr

13、esident will be sentenced to death.真可惜，王教授不能出席我們的英語晚會。It is a pity that Prof. Wang can t attend our English Evening.我們需要的是更多的時間。What we need is more time.二、 賓語從句在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如 sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等 之后也可以帶有賓語從句。1 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 : that 沒有意義，在口語或非正式文體中 常省略例如：I rea

14、lly feel she s making a mistake. 我的確感到她正犯錯誤。詹姆斯說他感到James said (that) he was feeling better.好些了。Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to thehospital to see him. 聽說兒子受了重傷，他急忙趕到醫(yī)院去看望他。I suggested that we should go home. 我建議我們回家去。虛擬語氣， that 一般不能省略。2 . whether/if （ 是否）弓I導(dǎo)的賓語從句：如果要突出“究竟是還是不，常

15、在 whether后面加or not; if 一般不與or not連用。如：He asked me if/whether I knew John.他問我是否認(rèn)識約翰。Let me know whether you can come or not.你能來還是不能來，告訴我一聲。3 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞的賓語從句中，否定不用在從句中，而是將think 等詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?Forexample:I don t think the film is interesting.我覺得這部電影沒什么意思。I don t suppose we are goin

16、g outing tomorrow. 我認(rèn)為我們明天不會出去郊游。it4 如果從句作賓語而后面還有補(bǔ)語，為了保持句子的平衡，用作形式賓語，而將賓語從句放在句尾。常跟這樣的復(fù)合賓語的動詞有： make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider,regard, take .for granted 等。如：George made it clear that he opposed this project.喬治已明確表示他反對這個項目。 it 代表 that 引導(dǎo)的句子，作賓語， clear 是賓語補(bǔ)足語。They kept it quiet that he wa

17、s dead.對他已經(jīng)死亡的消息，他們秘而不宣。I took it for granted that you d stay with us. 我想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為你會和我們呆在一起。三、 同位語從句同位語從句是對名詞的內(nèi)容給予具體、 詳細(xì)的說明。 常在后面接同位語從句的名詞有 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位語從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞為 that, 有是也用 when, where 等疑問詞。如：The news that the United States was hit

18、 by terrorist attackstook the whole world by surprise. 美國受到恐怖主義分子襲擊的消息令全世界吃驚。The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quitewrong. 你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。People used to hold the belief that the earth was the centerof the universe. 人們曾認(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心。The difficulty lies in the fact tha

19、t we are short of money.困難在于我們?nèi)狈Y金這個事實。They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他們一點兒也不知道他去哪兒了。注意 ：同位語從句的 that 只是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有其他語法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定語從句中的 that 除了引導(dǎo)定語從句外，還是定語從句的一個成分，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不能省略，作賓語時可以省略。如：The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheernonsense. 有些民族優(yōu)越于其他民族這種想法簡直荒謬

20、。 （請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。 ） （同位語從句）The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在會議上提出的這個想法簡直荒謬。 （請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。 ） （定語從句）No one is happy with the fact that he found out.沒有人對他發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實感到高興。 （請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。 ） （定語從句）No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss.沒有人對他將成為他們的老板這一事

21、實感到高興。 （請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。 ） （同位語從句）四、表語從句表語從句位于主句的連系動詞之后， 在非正式文體中引導(dǎo)詞 that可以省略。如：That s not what I want. 那不是我要的。That s why I have come. 那就是我為什么來了。My opinion is that things will improve. 我的意見是事情會好起來的。One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out.太陽能的一個優(yōu)點是永遠(yuǎn)也不會枯竭。The truth is that he didn

22、t really try. 實際情況是他沒有真正努力。The problem is who is to pay and when we can start. 問題是誰來付帳、我們又何時開始。The fact is that he didn t notice the car until too late.事實是他注意到車時已經(jīng)太晚了。What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我感到吃驚的是他英語講得那么好。All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能說的就是我與此事沒

23、有關(guān)系。What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she willjoin us. 我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。此外，表語從句還可由 as if （好像）引導(dǎo)。如：It looked as if it was/were going to rain. （虛擬語氣）Now let s do some translati on:這就是她昨天請一天假的原因。That is why she had a day off yesterday.我的想法是，個人的權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到充分尊重。My idea is that indivi

24、dual rights should be fully respected.問題在于上帝是否真的存在。The question is whether the God really exists.我想知道的是，他是如何在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成這個項目的。What I want to know is how he managed to complete the project in such a short time.五、形容詞后的 that 從句that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語， 所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞，如 certain, sur

25、e, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident 等等。如：I am sure/certain that he s at home now. 我肯定他現(xiàn)在在家。He became angry that you made the same mistake. 你犯了同樣的 錯誤，他生氣了。He remains confident that he will win.他仍然自信他會贏She is

26、 aware that I can t help her. 她知道我?guī)筒涣怂拿?。I am glad that you ve come. 你來了我很高興。He appeared/seemed surprised that I said“ no” . 我說不，他似乎很吃驚。I am afraid that I can t promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保證什么。We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday. 昨天你沒能來我們有點失望。I am a bit worried tha

27、t she will not be able to make it.我有點擔(dān)心她做不成這件事情。六、 what 從句的小結(jié)1. 意思是“所.的事/物”，相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that ， that which，或those which 可以用于以下情況：(1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句。如：What she saw frightened her. 她看到的事情嚇了她一跳。What was once regarded as impossible has nowbecomea reality.曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為不可能的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了事實。What I m afraid of is their taki

28、ng him to that place.我怕的是他們帶他到那地方去。What we are worrying about is just her innocence.我們擔(dān)心的是她的幼稚。But what hurt our feelings most was the personal commentofthe judge. 最傷我們感情的是法官的私下評論。What will be, will be.要發(fā)生的事總是要發(fā)生的。 (諺語)What is gone is gone.過去的事就過去了。(2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：That s what I hope.那就是我希望的。I should li

29、ke to be a teacher. Thats what I want to be.我想當(dāng)老師，那是我想干的事。Times are not what they used to be.時代不同了。He s not what he was a few years ago.他不是幾年前的他了。Your health is not what it ought to be.你的身體應(yīng)該更好。(3) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，包括介詞賓語。如：He could not express what he felt.他不能表達(dá)他的感受。Well, I ll do what I can. 好吧，我盡力。I can t d

30、o what you ve just asked of me. 我不能做你剛才要求我的事。And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away.得到了他要的東西，他拿上帽子就走了。As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear.為你的朋友，我想告訴你我所聽到的。父親The father began to criticize what the boy had done.開始批評男孩所做的事。 （注意時態(tài)）She was not happy at what he had s

31、aid. 她對他說的話不高興。Don t poke your nose into what doesn t c oncern you. 不 要多管閑事。The city is different from what it was ten years ago.這座城市和十年前不同了。It was a small place then compared to what it is now.和現(xiàn)在比起來，它那時候是個小地方。I don t care about money or what people call position.我不在乎金錢或者別人所謂的地位。Philip was depresse

32、d by what he had gone through. Philip 經(jīng)歷過的事情使他很消沉。They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state.他們能掙來的東西，百分之五十交給了國家。2 用作插入語， 指代后面的成分。 這和非限定性定語從句正好相反，非限定性定語從句指代的是前面的成分。如：Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife wasMary s niece. 后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)，他妻子原來是Mary 的侄女，這對我是個新聞。He never

33、joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, whatis remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river.他從來不參加男孩子通常做的體育活動，更奇怪的是，他從來不坐船出去到河上面去。He s an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly. 他講話生動有趣，更重要的 是，他對課題了如指掌。He went to the meeting and, what was worse, i

34、nsisted on speaking. 他去參加了會議，而且更糟糕的是，他堅持要發(fā)言。It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 這是本很有用的書，再說也不貴。You ll have nobody but yourself to blame, and, what s more, you ll get no sympathy from anybody. 你怪不著別人，只能 怪你自己；還有，你得不到任何人的同情。We invited a new speaker and, what s more, he was hap

35、py to come. 我們請到了一位新的發(fā)言人，而且他很樂意來。3 . 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，等于“不管什么"。注意狀語從句的語 序。如：Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going. 不管她會做什么，她都編不出不去的理由。狀語從句把實義動詞放在句首，句子倒裝。= No matter what she would do, Come what may, you ll always keep it secret. 無論怎樣，你都要保守秘密。=No matter what may come, .Jack has

36、made up his mind that, come what might, he would stay there. Jack 已經(jīng)拿定主意，無論如何他也要呆在那里。= no matter what might come, Say what he will, in his heart he knows that he is wrong.不管他怎么說， 內(nèi)心里他知道自己錯了。 = Nomatter what he willsay,練習(xí) ：一、 選擇最佳答案填空1. he always serves the people very well is known.A. WhatB. That C.

37、 Which D. Who2. you have done might do harm to other people.A. What B. That C. Whether D. Which3. I don t care she has no money. I careshe ishonest or not.A. if if B. whetherwhether C. if whether D.whether if4. They found at last they had been looking for.A. that B. what C. where D. which5. He will

38、be here on time. But I mnot sure he drivesor takes the train.A. whether B. if C. when D. how6. The reason why he was late is _ he got up too late.A. that B. because C. as D. for7. I want to know the leather coat belongs to.A. who B. which C. that D. whom8. Can you tell me _ the hospital is?A. where B. who C. that D. whether9. We all know she will be our English teacher.A. which B. what C. that D. who10. I wish he would pass the examination.A. how B. whether