全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)2(第二版)-UNIT2-語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 2 ValuesHappiness is not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. Franklin D. Roosevelt幸福不在于僅僅擁有金錢，而在于取得成就時(shí)的喜悅和創(chuàng)造性勞動(dòng)帶來(lái)的喜悅、激動(dòng)。 富蘭克林·D·羅斯福Detailed Reading. Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 12) It was early December 2003

2、, my first season as a Salvation Army bell ringer, when I was confronted with the question.1. What does a Salvation Army bell ringer do?(=To ring the bell and ask people to donate money to help the poor.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=首次面對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，是在2003年12月初我第一次為救世軍搖鈴募捐的時(shí)候。)2. (LL. 56) I can

3、 still see the confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked, “Are you poor?” 1. Why did the boy ask such a question?(=Because he was confused and curious.)2. How much did the boy know about the Salvation Army bell ringer?(=Obviously he knew nothing about that.)3. (LL. 78) “Well,” I stammered, try

4、ing to think, “I have more than some people, but not as much as other.” 1. How did the author think of the question?(=He thought it was difficult to answer.)2. What does the authors answer mean?(=This means he is neither poor nor rich.)4. (LL. 89) His mother scolded him for the social no-no .1. What

5、 is “social no-no”? (=Something that is socially inappropriate.)2. Why did the mother scold her son?(=Because the author looked poor, the question was socially inappropriate to ask.)5. (LL. 1314) Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.1. W

6、hat do many other people have?(=The material things.)2. Please paraphrase this sentence. (=However, I have only occasionally felt the urge to go after the material things so many other people have.)6. (LL. 1920) And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.1. What is the “can do” attitude?(=That is

7、 self confidence.)2. How do you understand this sentence?(=And I love the feeling of self confidence brought by brisk exercises.)7. (L. 31) Shortly after her visit, our relationship went straight south. 1. What was their relationship after her visit?(=Their relationship went sour. That is to say, th

8、ey were no longer boyfriend and girlfriend.)2. Why there was such a change in their relationship?(=Because the girl actually paid much attention to material things although she claimed that she was interested in what was on the inside, and after she went to the authors apartment, she found he was re

9、ally poor.) 8. (LL. 3538) There is a commercial on the radio that begins, “Everybody wants a high-end TV ” The pressure to purchase is real. It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV. After all, nobody wants to be a nobody.1. What is “a high-end TV”? (=A TV that is expensive and of high qual

10、ity.)2. What can be inferred from this part about what role commercials can play in society?(=Commercials can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.)9. (L. 49) December is the time of year I feel wealthiest. Why does the author think so?(=Because December is the time fo

11、r him to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.)10. (LL. 5051) Over the past four years, Ive grown to understand more about myself because of a single question from a curious child.1. How has the boys que

12、stion affected the author?(=The boys question has helped him realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=由于一個(gè)好奇的孩子提了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)題，我在過(guò)去的四年中對(duì)自己的了解進(jìn)了一步。). Words and Expressions1. (L. 2) confr

13、ont: vt. 1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly * The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.* A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of a program in a foreign university.2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem,

14、difficulty, etc.)軍人必須面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)和死亡。(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.)* Astronauts have to confront the unknown. be confronted with: be brought face to face (=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.) * conclusions that can be confronted with experience2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or good

15、s given for a good cause* The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.他們對(duì)慈善事業(yè)慷慨捐助。(=They made a generous donation to charity.)Collocation:a blood donation獻(xiàn)血make/give a donation 捐贈(zèng)promise a donation允諾捐助3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.* The enemy r

16、etreated in great confusion.他們的突然到來(lái)打亂了我們的計(jì)劃。(=Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.)Collocation:covered with confusion非?；艔坕n confusion亂七八糟，處于混亂狀態(tài)throw into confusion 使狼狽，使慌亂N.B.: 該詞的動(dòng)詞為confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”， confused意思是“糊涂的、混雜的”。4. (L. 5) curiosity: n. a strong desire to k

17、now about sth. * Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?(=We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.)Collocation:from/out of curiosity在好奇心驅(qū)使下in open curiosity 公然出頭過(guò)問(wèn)與自己無(wú)關(guān)的事Curiosity killed a cat.好奇?zhèn)怼?. (L. 7) stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the s

18、ame sound or syllable* Its cruel to make fun of people who stammer.他結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地道了謝。(=He stammered his thanks.)6. (L. 10) deny: vt.1) say that sth. is not true * There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930s. 2) refuse to admit or accept(=He denied knowing anythi

19、ng about their plans.)7. (L. 10) fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)* It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire.請(qǐng)把附表填好。(=Please fill out the attached blank.)8. (L. 11) fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualit

20、ies) 理事會(huì)成員們意見(jiàn)相左，分成自由和保守兩個(gè)陣營(yíng)(=The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.) * All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without.9. (L. 13) nothing more than: only, just(=Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.) 這只不過(guò)是個(gè)杜撰的故事而已。(=It i

21、s nothing more than a made-up story.)10. (L. 19) attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort 我決心不惜任何代價(jià)達(dá)到目的。(=Im determined to attain my purpose at any cost.)* She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.Collocation:attain ones goal達(dá)到目的attain the age of 有歲了attain the top of a mouta

22、in到達(dá)山頂CF: get, gain, obtain & attain這四個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“得到”、“獲得”之意。get是最普通的用語(yǔ)，可指通過(guò)任何方式的獲得，多用于口語(yǔ)中。例如：* She got the highest score in fancy rope jumping. 她在花樣跳繩中得分最高。gain多指在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲得，所得的東西往往是有用的或是所期待的。例如：* I hope you will gain the victory this time. 我希望你這次獲得勝利。obtain是書(shū)面語(yǔ)，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或目的。例如： * By this meth

23、od, we obtained a good result. 我們用這種方法獲得了好結(jié)果。attain強(qiáng)調(diào)達(dá)到完美的地步。例如：* Such a condition is very difficult to attain. 這樣的情況是很難達(dá)到的。11. (L. 16) minimal: adj. very small in size or amount; as small as possible 暴風(fēng)雨只造成極輕微的損失。(=The storm did only minimal damage.) * The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal sal

24、ary of one dollar a year. N.B.: 該詞的動(dòng)詞為minimize。反義詞為maximal。12. (L. 21) cherish: vt. love (sth./sb.) very much and protect them(=Riding horses with my mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.) * She cherished the child as though he were her own.Collocation:cherish fond dreams of做的美夢(mèng)cher

25、ished desire夙愿cherish a deep love for熱愛(ài)13. (L. 21) fabricate: vt. make up (a story, a piece of information, etc.) in order to deceive people * Have you ever lied a little, or fabricated a story about yourself, to impress someone you meet the first time?她缺席的借口顯然是瞎編的。(=The excuse for her absence was o

26、bviously fabricated.)14. (L. 22) tickle: v. 1) amuse and interest * The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes. * It tickled her to think that her boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.2) move ones fingers on a sensitive part of anothers body in a way that makes them laugh * She ti

27、ckled the boy's feet and made him laugh. 嬰兒喜歡輕輕呵癢和緊緊擁抱。(=Babies like to be tickled and hugged.)15. (L. 25) vital: adj. very important, necessary, or essential(=This point is vital to my argument.) * The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.Pattern: be vital to 對(duì)極為重要16. (

28、L. 25) well off: rich, or having enough money to live well * The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off society. 如果他年輕時(shí)多努力一點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在就能過(guò)得舒服些。 (=If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.)17. (L. 26) emotional: adj. connected with peoples feelings(=H

29、is emotional language reduced many of the audience to tears.)* Nature has programmed us all with both physical and emotional needs.18. (L. 26) pursuit: n. the act of looking for or trying to find 我們?yōu)樽非笮腋Ｉ疃ぷ鳌?=We work hard in pursuit of happy life.)* He exercises every day in pursuit of health.Co

30、llocation:daily pursuits日常事務(wù)educational pursuit教育事業(yè)pursuit of profit追逐利潤(rùn)in ones pursuit of happiness追求幸福19. (L. 26) out of place: feeling uncomfortable or not suitable in a particular situation* Your jokes are out of place on such a solemn occasion.在正式的舞會(huì)上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。(=At the formal party I felt v

31、ery awkward and out of place.)20. (L. 34) in contrast to: when a contrast is made to * In contrast to her sister, she is very tall.(=In contrast to his brother, he is always considerate of others.)21. (L. 35) consequence: n. a result of sth. that has happened * Jimmy experienced severe headache as a

32、 consequence of heavy drinking the night before. 這樣一種錯(cuò)誤可能導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的后果。 (=Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.)Collocation:as a consequence因而，結(jié)果in consequence因此，結(jié)果in consequence of的結(jié)果，因?yàn)榈木壒剩捎趏f consequence有勢(shì)力的，重要的take the consequences自食其果，承擔(dān)責(zé)任CF: effect, result & consequence

33、這三個(gè)詞都是名詞，都有“結(jié)果”之意。effect表示由某種原因直接產(chǎn)生的某一結(jié)果或狀況。result表示某一事件的發(fā)生或某一行為所造成的結(jié)果，有“最終的結(jié)果”之意。consequence表示由于邏輯推斷得出的結(jié)果，或由于某種原因、一些必要的條件而造成的結(jié)果。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The dilemmas that parents find themselves in today is a _ of changes in society.

34、(=consequence)2. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no _. (=effect)3. One of the _ of this illness is that you lose your hair. (=effects)4. It represents the _ of ten years labor. (=result)5. The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social _. (=consequences)22. (L. 36) commercial

35、: 1. n. an advertisement on TV or radio* TV commercials today are more imaginative than they were 20 years ago.2. adj. relating to business * He left the commercial world to become a government official. 商業(yè)函件(=commercial correspondence)23. (L. 39) focus: v. concentrate (ones attention, etc.) on (sth

36、.); concentrate (on sth.) (=You should focus your attention on your work.)* The only way to attain your goals is to stay focused and work hard.24. (L. 41) affluent: adj. rich enough to buy things for pleasure 自然資源豐富的土地(=land affluent in natural resources) * In an affluent society people can afford t

37、o strike a balance between work and life.CF: rich, wealthy & affluent這三個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“豐富”、“富有”之意。rich意為“有錢的”、“富有的”，其程度超過(guò)正常需要的，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈；形容人時(shí)，指擁有大量金錢、財(cái)產(chǎn)，其引申義為“富于”。例如：* The rich get richer while the poor get poorer. 富人更富，窮人更窮。wealthy指人、家庭或國(guó)家富有、安康、富裕；語(yǔ)氣較緩，程度可大可小。尤指擁有大量財(cái)產(chǎn)、財(cái)富。例如：* Some wealthy people are like

38、ly to be philanthropists. 有些富人往往是慈善家。affluent意為“富裕的”、“富足的”，尤指家庭和社會(huì)，在這一點(diǎn)上相當(dāng)于wealthy，是較正式用語(yǔ)。例如：* Its our duty to build an affluent and civilized society in the new century. 在新世紀(jì)建設(shè)一個(gè)富裕文明的社會(huì)是我們的義務(wù)。25. (L. 43) genuine: adj. real, true 他真心誠(chéng)意地愿意幫助我們。 (=He has a genuine desire to help us.)* It appears to be

39、 genuine, but I have my suspicions about it.CF: real, true & genuine這三個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“真的”、“真正的”之意。real普通用語(yǔ)，指真實(shí)的或與事實(shí)相符的。true強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)與實(shí)際情況相符合，兼有real的含義。genuine指真實(shí)性是有據(jù)可查的。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. It is _ that the earth is round. (=true)2. Is

40、 this a _ Ming vase? (=genuine)3. This is a story of _ life. (=real)4. A mirage（海市蜃樓） is not a _ object. (=real)5. _ silver (=genuine)26. (L. 45) go through: experience (sth. difficult or unpleasant)* Hes amazingly cheerful considering all that hes gone through. 孩提時(shí)代, 他經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)又一個(gè)的艱難困苦。(=When he was a

41、child, he went through one hardship after another.) (Directions:) Choose the appropriate translation for the expression “go through” in the following sentences.A. 檢查、審查、搜查B. 完成、做完C. 遭受、經(jīng)歷D. 看完D 1. How long will it take to go through the book?C 2. Im flattered that you went through all this trouble j

42、ust for me.A 3.They went through our luggage at the customs.B 4. With great concentration she went through the movements.27. (L. 47) linger: vi. 1) last or continue for a long time * Before leaving Suzhou, we took a last lingering look at the beautiful view.(=The beautiful melody is lingering in my

43、mind.)2) take a long time to leave or disappear * He lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home.CF: stay, remain & linger這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“停留”、“逗留”之意。stay是本組詞中最普通的用語(yǔ)?；蜷L(zhǎng)期或短期，或永遠(yuǎn)或暫時(shí)地停留。例如：* My car stays in the garage most of the week. 我的車子一周大部分時(shí)間都停放在車庫(kù)里。remain強(qiáng)調(diào)維持原來(lái)的狀態(tài)，表示“逗留”時(shí)比stay更正

44、式些。例如：* Little of the original architecture remains. 原來(lái)的建筑現(xiàn)在留存很少了。linger意思是“逗留”、“徘徊”，尤指遲遲不愿離開(kāi)的樣子。例如： * He should have gone out, but lingered over his meal till it was too late to catch the train. 他本該出門了，可還慢騰騰地吃飯，以致來(lái)不及趕火車了。28. (L. 47) individual: 1. n. person considered separately from their society

45、個(gè)人權(quán)利 (=rights of individuals)* The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community. 2. adj. of or for one person* A good coach knows how to take best advantage of the strength of each individual player on the team. * She has her own individual way of walking.29. (L. 52) tangi

46、ble: adj. that can be clearly seen to exist; that you can touch and feel* Tangible assets refer to those assets that have a physical form, such as machinery, buildings and land.(=Sculpture is a tangible art form.)N.B.: 該詞的反義詞為intangible。 . Language Study of Text B1. (para. 2) discount: n. amount of

47、money which may be taken off the full price * Traditional retailers whove opened cyber-stores may offer special discounts to online shoppers. 盡管網(wǎng)上書(shū)店常有折扣，但不要期望能省多少。(=Although online bookstores usually offer discounts, don't expect to save much.)2. (para. 5) folk: n. people in general (You can ref

48、er to people as folk or folks.) * These are the folks from the local TV station. 他們結(jié)了婚，有了孩子，像其他人一樣生活。(=They got married and had kids and lived like other folks.)3. (para. 5) get away with: do sth. wrong or risky without being caught or punished (In the text, it means “do sth. without experiencing an

49、y problems or difficulties”) * They claimed that they knew how to play the system and get away with it. 艾力克偷稅漏稅好些年，都沒(méi)碰到麻煩。(=Eric has been getting away with tax fraud for years.)4. (para. 5) Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it. Paraphrase the sentence. (=O

50、nly in America can a very rich person live like ordinary people without experiencing any problems.)5. (para. 5) local: adj. of or for a particular place * The plane was to take off at 6 a.m. and land at 7 a.m. local time. 主辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)所需的四分之三的投資將由中央政府和當(dāng)?shù)卣袚?dān)。(=Three-quarters of the investment needed to host

51、 the Olympics would be borne by central and local government.)6. (para. 6) corporate: adj. relating to large companies * The two companies decided to merge to take advantage of similarities in their corporate cultures. 谷歌公司總部位于加州的山景城。(=The corporate headquarters of Google Inc. is located in Mountain

52、 View, California.)7. (para. 7) by all accounts: according to what everyone says * The Chinese football team will play the Koreans tonight. It should be a match worth watching, by all accounts. 大家都說(shuō)湯姆是個(gè)很棒的老師。(=Tom, by all accounts, is a superb teacher.)8. (para. 7) blend: v. mix together * The singe

53、r is known for blending Latin pop and American mainstream pop in her songs. 我們?cè)顼埑允裁?？混合了香蕉、草莓、椰棗和芒果的水果布丁?=What do we have for breakfast? A fruit pudding of blended bananas, strawberries, dates and mangos.)blend in/into: If sb. blends into a particular group or situation, or if they blend in, they se

54、em to belong there or are not noticeable, because their behavior is similar to that of the other people involved. (used in the patterns: blend in; blend into sth.; blend in with sth.)* As a newly-appointed manager, he was not sure whether he could blend in. * The painter blended in with the crowd at

55、 the art sale.他說(shuō)的話堅(jiān)定了我的信念，要和周圍打成一片。(=What he said reinforced my determination to blend in with my surroundings.)9. (para. 7) By all accounts, hes friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight around. Translate the sentence. (=人人都說(shuō)他為人友善，性情開(kāi)朗，是個(gè)好鄰居；他盡力與人們?nèi)谇⑾嗵?，從不炫耀，也不盛氣凌人?10. (para. 12) But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something that would have made headlines anywhere in the world: He forgot his money. Paraphrase the sentence. (=But one recent mo