句子成分的名稱劃分口訣及劃分符號

1、句子成分的名稱及劃分符號名稱：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語。符號：主語=謂語賓語 定語 （） 狀語 補語 < > 句子的基本成分是：主語、謂語、賓語。補充成分是：定語、狀語、補語。 主語部分和謂語部分之間可用 劃開。劃分句子成分口訣：主謂賓 定狀補，一般成分弄清楚?；境煞种髦^賓，附加成分定狀補。主語講誰或什么，陳述主語是謂語。動詞涉及人或物，涉及成分叫賓語。修飾限制算定狀，補充說明就是補。定語用在主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補。還有標志的地得，幫助分清定狀補。注意位置和關(guān)系，認真分析莫疏忽。單句的劃分1 、劃分符號用“”劃分主語和謂語。用 “ ”標出賓語。用“（） ”標出定語。用“

2、 ”標出狀語。用“< > ”標出補語。如果要求進一步分析用作一個句子成分的主謂短語時，可以在主語下面劃“=”， 謂語下面劃 “” 。“” 劃在句前，表示非主謂句，其結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系的名稱，可以在上注明。2、劃分方法一次劃分：先用“” 界分出主語和謂語，如果有賓語，也要劃出。然后，再找出主、謂、賓的中心語，用“?標示出來。例如：偉大的人民 ”一定創(chuàng)造出偉大的時代。二次劃分：到主語和賓語的中心語前劃定語，到謂語的中心語前或句首劃狀語，再到謂語中心語后劃補語。例如：（偉大）的人民 一定 創(chuàng)造 <出 >（偉大）的時代。3 、復雜單句要進行分析時，需先找出主干。單句的主干是指把句中所有的

3、定語、狀語、補語都壓縮掉以后剩下的部分，也就是主語（或主語的的中心語）動詞（或動詞的中心語）賓語（或賓語的中心語）。找出句子主干常常是檢查病句的好方法。摘取句子的主干，是為了掌握原句的結(jié)構(gòu)，對理解原句的意思有幫助。但是，必須注意，句子的主干不等于原來的句子，意思沒有原句那樣明確，有的甚至跟原句相去很遠。還要注意，在摘取否定句主干時，一般要把否定詞一起摘出來。單句若是由復雜的短語構(gòu)成時，單句也就成了復雜的單句。位置和關(guān)系，認真分析莫疏忽。劃分句子成分，找出主干。句子成分 （Members of a Sentence）什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系

4、，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語 （ subject） 、 謂語 （ predicate） 、 表語 （ predicative） 、 賓語 （ object） 、定語（attribute） 、狀語 （adverbial） 和補語（complement） 。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一：（主謂）二：（主系表）三：（主謂賓）四：（主謂間賓直賓）五

5、：（主謂賓賓補）基本句型一： （主謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy） ，主格代詞（如you） ，動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！謂語：謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We come.此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 （不及物動詞）1. The sunwas shining.2. The moon rose.3. The universe remains.4. We all bre

6、athe, eat, and drink.5. Who cares?6. What he said does not matter.7. They talked for half an hour.8. The pen writes smoothly太陽在照耀著。月亮升起了。宇宙長存。我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。管它呢？他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。他們談了半個小時。這支筆書寫流利?；揪湫投?（主系表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep,

7、 seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become,turn 等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯(lián)系動詞：look well/面色好 ,sound nice/,feel good/感覺好，smell bad/難聞1. This is2. The dinner3. He fell4. Everythingan English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。smells good.in love.looksdifferent.5. He is growing tall and

8、strong.午餐的氣味很好。他墮入了情網(wǎng)。一切看來都不同了。他長得又高又壯6. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。7. Our well has gone dry.我們井干枯了。8. His face turned red.他的臉紅了。（是系動詞）There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示存在有。這里的there沒有實際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物試比較： There is a boy there（ . 那兒有一個男孩。） /前一個there無實意， 后一個 ther

9、e為副詞那 里 。基本句型三： （主謂賓）此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me， him， them等 （及物動詞）1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。3. He has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。5. Th

10、ey ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。6. He said "Good morning." 他說："早上好！"7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承認犯了錯誤?；揪湫退模?（主謂間賓直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give 給，pass遞，bring 帶， show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序為：動詞 + 間接賓語+ 直接賓語。如：

11、 Give me a cup of tea,please強調(diào)間接賓語順序為：動詞+ 直接賓語+介詞 + 間接賓語。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.Bring it to若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動詞+ 代詞直接賓語+介詞+ 間接賓語。如：me,please. （及物）（多指人） （多指物）1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本

12、字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他對她什么都不拒絕。5. I showed him my pictures. 我給他看我的照片6. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。7. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點了。8. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機器?；揪湫臀澹?（主謂賓賓補）此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出

13、說明的成分。賓語與其補足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格+ 名詞The war made him a soldier.戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士/.名詞/代詞賓格+ 形容詞New methods make the job easy新方法使這項工作變得輕松./.名詞/代詞賓格+ 介詞短語I often find him at work./ 我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.名詞/代詞賓格+ 動詞不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows老師讓學生們關(guān)上窗戶 ./.名詞/代詞賓格+ 分詞I saw a cat running ac

14、ross the road我看見一只貓跑過了馬路./. （及物）（賓語） （賓補）1. They appointed him manager. 他們?nèi)蚊斀?jīng)理。2. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色3. This set them thinking. 這使得他們要細想一想。4. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。5. What makes him think so? 他怎么會這樣想？6. We saw him out. 我們送他出去7. He asked me to come back soon.

15、他要我早點回來。8. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語一、 定語： 定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用 的表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時， （如：something

16、、 nothing） ；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時，則定語通常置后。副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之后。形容詞作定語：The little boy needs a blue pen.（little修飾名詞boy； blue 修飾名詞pen.） /小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是個英俊的男孩。There is a good boy.有個乖男孩。/ 數(shù)詞作定語相當于形容詞：Two boys need two pens.兩個男孩需要兩支鋼筆。 /The two boys are students.這兩個男孩是學生。 /There are two

17、boys in the room.房間里有兩個男孩。/ 代詞或名詞所有格作定語：His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要 /Tom 的鋼筆。His name is Tom./他的名字是湯姆。There are two boys of Toms there.那兒有/Tom 家的兩個男孩。介詞短語作定語：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。 ./The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of

18、 10.有兩個/9 歲的，三個10 歲的男孩。名詞作定語：The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圓珠筆。 /It is a ball pen./這是一支圓珠筆。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。/ 副詞作定語：The boy there needs a pen那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。./The best boy here is Tom.這里最棒的男孩是 /Tom。不定式作定語：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 /

19、The boy to write this letter is Tom./將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。There is nothing to do today.今天無事要做。/ 分詞（短語）作定語：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./ 那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。The pen bought by her is made in China.她買的筆是中國產(chǎn)的。 /There are five boys left./有五個留下的男孩。定語從句：The boy who is reading needs the pen whic

20、h you bought yesterday.那個在閱讀的男孩需要 /你昨天買的鋼筆。The boy you will know is Tom./你將認識的男孩叫湯姆。There are five boys who will play the game./參加游戲的男孩有五個。二、狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首，地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；一些表

21、示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。有時狀語在句中的某個位置會引起歧義，應注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩（此時 in the classroom為 girl 的定語） ，也可以理解為男孩在教室里喊女孩 （此時 in the classroom為地點狀語），最好寫作In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.'副詞（短語）作狀語：The boy needs a pen very muc

22、h男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。./（程度狀語）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。 ./（賓語較長則狀語前置）The boy really needs a pen.男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。 /（程度狀語）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a p男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。en./（時間狀語） 介詞短語作狀語：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。.

23、/（地點狀語）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母親面前 /,湯姆總是一個男孩子.（條件狀語）On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom星期天 ./,教室里沒有學生.（時間狀語）分詞（短語）作狀語：He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那兒要一支筆。/（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因為不得不完成作業(yè)，/男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語）Frightened,he sits there sou

24、ndlessly（因為）受了驚嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。./（原因狀語）不定式作狀語： The boy needs a pen to do his homework男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。./（目的狀語）To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business為實現(xiàn)夢想 ./,湯姆變得對商業(yè)很有興趣 .名詞作狀語：Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z）狀語從句： 時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句三、同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞

25、之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / （student是s we 的同位語，都是指同一批學生）We all are students. / （all是 we 的同位語，都指同樣的我們）四、獨立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨立成分（注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）。感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah等。,肯定詞yes否定詞no稱呼語：稱呼人的用語。插入語：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。如 : The story,I think,has never com

26、e to the end我相信./,這個故事還遠沒結(jié)束.情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大概 ,acturely實際上 ,certainly當然，等。五、分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：錯句： Studying hard,your score will go up.正確： （1） Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 （2）If you study hard,your score will go up.解析： 錯句中分詞st

27、udying 沒有自帶邏輯主語，則其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，既 your score . 顯然做study的應是人，不應是your score（分數(shù)）. 正確句（1）更正了句子的主語,使其與分詞邏輯主語一致（ 同為 you ）;正確句（2）則使用條件分句帶出study的主語,（不過已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了）. 分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having been不過.There being.的場合不能省略.如：Game （being） over,he went home.He stands there,book （being） in hand. 獨立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、 without 引導，作狀語

28、或定語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.無事可做，他很快就睡著了。/The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose老師進來了，戴著一付眼鏡。 ./（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！ ）句子成分練習題（ 一 ）（一 ）. 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4 分， 4分鐘） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an

29、old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.（二 ） 選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分， 10 分鐘） I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summ

30、er comes.A. getB. longerC. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meetingC. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. have Tom didn't do his ho

31、mework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn'tC. do What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tellC. you We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. hadC. send He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in Whom did you give my book to?D. breakfastD. his homeworkD. isD. doctorD. musicA. give B.didC. wh

32、om D. book（三 ） 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分， 10 分鐘） My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?The old man sit

33、ting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.（四 ） 挑出下列句中的表語（5 分， 5 分鐘） The old man was feeling very

34、tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.（五 ） 挑出下列句中的定語（6 分， 6 分鐘） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some

35、people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!（六 ） 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語（6 分， 6 分鐘） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the wo

36、rk. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?（七 ） 挑出下列句中的狀語（8 分， 8 分鐘） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike

37、was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.（八 ） 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5 分， 5 分鐘） Please tell us a sto

38、ry. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?答案（一 ）teacher man dictionary To do（二 ）B A C ACA A（ 三 ） homework. English. attention words to go swimming he was ill. himmonitor bridge museu

39、m itschool. who"Father Christmas"really is.（四） tired. worried yellow. interested the first（五）family given third some downstairs of the other shoe!（ 六） to read newspapers and books to take the boy difficult Lily get on the bus playing football（ 七）on her face. Every night when he was eleven.

40、 too fast. With the medicine box under her arm because she loves books. if you ve lost it to see the other machine.（八 ）us, 間接賓語a story, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語message, 直接賓語句子成分練習題（ 二 ）指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1.Whether wedgeoplldend on the weather .2. P

41、eople s standards inogf liavre going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our children .1.1 ll return the botook y ou tomorrow .6 .We are sure that we shall succeed .7 .The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8 .There are many film that I d like t

42、o see.9 .Have you met the person about whom he was speaking10.I have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I won t stop you from doing it .12. I said it in fun .13. We can send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to work standing up .15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16. Much interested

43、 , he agreed to give it a try .17. The bus arrived ten minutes late .18. We should serve the people heart and soul.19. Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22. It s strange that

44、 she doesn t come today .23. It was in the library that I come today .24. He likes drawing at times when he isn t working .25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.句子成分練習題（ 三 ）A1 _ six years since I began to study English.A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was2 _ in the ro

45、om at that time.A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are3 IT'S very noisy outside. _ is going on?A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where4 _ in English in class every day is important.A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell5 There must be near the factory.A. a book store B. book store C. books

46、 store D. books stores6 Although it's raining hard, _ are still working in the fields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. since theyB1 The doctor as well as the nurses _ great concern for the patients.A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing2 Your son must be a clever boy, _ he?A. is B. isn&

47、#39;t C. must D. mustn't3 The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among students int his school.A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened4 、 I _ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home. A. mustn't B. had to C. can't D. needn't5 、 Don't _ excited.A. g

48、et B. is C. seem D. look6 This room _ every morning.A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaningC1 、 Glad to meet you! _ is your full name?A. What B. Where C. How D. Who2 、He is _ to lift the heavy box.A. too weak B. weak tooC. enough weak D. weak enough3 、The days are _ warmer and warmer in s

49、pring.A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going4 、 His job isEnglish.A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches5 、 Two balls are_.A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desksD1 、 We should get ready_ others.A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with2 、_interesting work we are doing?A. What

50、 a B. How C. What D. What an3 、I want_ a teacher when I grow up (-fx;fc).A. to be B. to C. be D. being4 、-Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I don't think so. To be honest, I really don't feel like_on a picnic.A. going B. to go C. go D. went5 Do you know_?A. where does he live B

51、. where he livesC. where he live D. if where he lives6 Let do it again.A. I B. me C. he D. she7 I don't know_.A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. when to doE1 、I saw him _ basketball with Jack an hour ago.A. plays B. to play C. played D. play o2 、Sorry, we've kept you_ for a long time.A. waited B. sing C. stand D. waiting3 、 The teacher told us late again.A. aren't be B. don't be C. not to be D. not be4 、 We find the room very_.A. warm B. warmly C. terribly D. hardlyF1 、