初三英語寒假課程

1、一、課程說明課程介紹本課程以譯林牛津版整個初三的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)為基礎(chǔ)，融合中考大綱上重點(diǎn)語法，點(diǎn)撥閱讀、完形、寫作方法與策略。側(cè)重突破識記詞匯、詞組、句型，講授課文和語法重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及學(xué)生閱讀、完形、寫作綜合能力的提升。課程能夠幫助學(xué)生贏在初三寒假這個分水嶺，特別有利于學(xué)生在初三下學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)，讓學(xué)生在知識、能力、方法上都有一個良好的開端和把握。本課程主要選擇近三年的重點(diǎn)中學(xué)及中考真題作為練習(xí)題。其解題方法不受地域的限定，全國通用。本課程特別針對初三寒假的學(xué)生而設(shè)置，有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性和指導(dǎo)性，其答題思路與解體題技巧對其他年級的學(xué)生同樣適用。課程特色課程站在中考的高度上，講授詞匯、語法，課文重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)

2、撥閱讀、完形方法和技巧，區(qū)別于學(xué)校的走課本的授課方法，本課程狠抓每單元的詞匯詞組句型記憶，語法精通，課文重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)講解及閱讀、完形、寫作方法與技巧。課程編寫體例與課程定制編寫體例：本課程適合英語初三學(xué)習(xí)者復(fù)習(xí)使用，各版塊基本按照“知識要點(diǎn)列舉”、“例題精析”、“課堂鞏固練習(xí)”、“課后自測”的體例編寫。課程定制：共十一個專題，30個課時完成，計(jì)劃每課時用時40-45分鐘。二、課程內(nèi)容第 二 講 代詞一 考 情 分 析中考分值代詞是中考的必考點(diǎn)，一般分值在2分左右，占的比率在2左右?？疾榉绞竭@部分考查的重點(diǎn)一般有：不定代詞、反身代詞及疑問代詞的使用及其他代詞的靈活運(yùn)用；作文中對代詞的正確運(yùn)用等。二

3、 知 識 回 顧1代詞的含義及類別。2常見代詞的基本用法。（一） 人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和 格 ， 如下表所示。 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格賓格主格賓格主格賓格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作 主語，賓格作賓語。如： _I_ like table tennis. （作 主語）Do you know _him_? （作賓語）3.人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its_me_.4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：He is older than _me_.He is

4、 older than _I_ am.（二） 物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。 人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如： _Our_ teacher is coming to see us. This is _my_ pencil-box.3. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。 Our school is here, and _theirs_ is there.（作主語） - Is th

5、is English-book _yours_? （作表語） - No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished _yours_? （作賓語）（三） 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如： _This_ is a pen and _that_ _is a pencil We are busy _these_ days In _th

6、ose_ days the workers had a hard time2. 有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. _That_'s why I didn't come. What I want to say is _this_ ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just

7、 as good as _those_ made in Shanghai 4. this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is _that_ _Jack speaking?（四）反身代詞 英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。 1. 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就

8、是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。 He called _himself_ _a writer Would you please express _yourself_ in English?2. 作表語。 It doesn't matterI'll be _myself_ _soon The girl in the news is _herself_ 3. 作 主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。 I _myself _washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes _myself_.）（作 主語同位語） You should as

9、k the teacher _yourself_（作賓語同位語）（五）不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。（見重難點(diǎn)突破）（六） 相互代詞 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語） Do you often write to each other

10、 / one another? （作賓語） We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語） The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. （作定語）（七.）疑問代詞疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊 疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：_Who_ is going to come here tomorrow? （作

11、 主語）_What_ is that? (作表語)_Whose_ umbrella is this? (作定語)_Who_ are you waiting for? (作賓語)（八）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語. 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：I hate people _who_ talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph _thatwhich_ you sent

12、 me with your letter.With the money _thatwhich_ he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady _who_ is interviewing our headmaster?三. 重 點(diǎn) 突 破類型一：反身代詞的正確使用1. 主賓一致2. 同位語1. Help _yourself_ (you) to some fruit, Jack.2. -Who taught your brother to surf?-Nobody. He learnt all by _himself_

13、 (he).3. Did you enjoy _yourselves_ (you), Mary and Kate?4. The earth _itself_(it) is round.5. No one helped Millie. She did it all by _herself_.(she)搭配練習(xí)（A類）1. Mary, please show _D_ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 2. -Whats on TV tonight? Is there _B_ interesting? -Im afraid not. A. somethin

14、g B. anything C. nothing D. everything3. _D_ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each4. -Where is my pen? -Oh, sorry. I have taken _A_ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers5. -Can I have some more ice cream, Mum? -Sorry. There is_ _A_ left in the fridge.A. none B. nothing

15、C. no one D. anything類型二：不定代詞的辨析1. some與any的區(qū)別2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。用 法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩4. every與each的

16、區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨(dú)使用1)不可單獨(dú)使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個別”3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物5. 全部否定：no, none, nobody, no one, neither( nor) 部分否定： all, both, every, each, everything, everybody等加上否定詞 not, never 等構(gòu)成 全部肯定：all, both, every, each, everything, everybody等6. nobody, no one, nonenob

17、ody = no one，指沒有一個人 none, 指沒有一個人或物（數(shù)量上），后可加of, 加of時謂語動詞可單可復(fù)7. both, either, neither; all, noneboth，指兩者都，后可加of，與否定詞連用表示部分否定，全部否定為neither；either常與or連用，表示兩者中的其中之一，謂語動詞遵循就近一致原則； neither常與nor連用，表示兩者都不，謂語動詞遵循就近一致原則；all表示三者及三者以上的全部（人或物），與否定詞連用表示部分否定，全部否定為none8. one，it比較：二者都可以替代上文出現(xiàn)過的名詞。one表示泛指，表示同類中的任何一個。I

18、t表特指，指代上文出現(xiàn)過的某一物，即同一事物。搭配練習(xí)（B類）1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _the other_ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _others_ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got a little time before the train leaves.4. We were a

19、ll very tired, but _none_ of us would like to have a rest.5. The old pen is broken, Id like _B_ one to write with. A. the other B. another C. others D. the others類型三：疑問代詞與動詞不定式的搭配及定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的選擇1. I dont know which room to live in.2.What did you do that for?學(xué)習(xí)心得用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~和關(guān)系代詞填空1. _What_ is the populati

20、on of the world today?2. _Who_ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?3. - _What_ color is your mothers dress? -Its black.4. -_Which_ is your car? -The red one in front of the tree.5. -_Which_ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle？-I know， sir. Its instruction.6. The necklace

21、_thatwhich_ she is wearing is beautiful.7. Do you know the person _thatwho_ lost his bike?8. Most people _who_that_ live in less developed countries are quite poor.9. The boy whothat is helping the old man is Johns brother.10. People whothat use credit cards to buy things online should be very caref

22、ul四復(fù)習(xí)建議 本節(jié)內(nèi)容是中考中的必考點(diǎn)，考點(diǎn)主要是在對代詞的靈活運(yùn)用，尤其是對不定代詞和反身代詞的考查。學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)的過程中所需要注意的事項(xiàng)就是如何掌握它們之間的辨析及具體用法。需要熟練把握各個代詞的意義及用法，所以學(xué)生還是要在平時的訓(xùn)練中多去總結(jié)和歸納。五課后作業(yè)（A類）1. “May I borrow your dictionary, Jim?” “Oh, sorry. It isnt _mine_ (my).”2. Daniels mother has devoted _herself_ (she) to the teaching of Home Economics.3. The boo

23、ks on the shelf are ours. Those on the floor are_ theirs_ (they).4. -My watch keeps good time. What about _yours_（you）？-Mine？ Oh， two minutes slow.5. _Both_ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _yourselves_.7. It is said there is going to be _something_ imp

24、ortant in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _none_ of the shops opened at that time.9. They didnt learn _anything_ new in this lesson.10. -Why is _it_ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near _her_ coun

25、try.（B類）1.You may come to my house _C_ this week _ next week.A .neither; or B .from; to C .either;or D. either; nor2.I don't think we can do it all _A_.A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourselves D .by yourselves3.I don't want this shirt. Please show me _C_.A .others B .the others C .anothe

26、r D .the other4.I can't repair the model ship _C_. Can you help ?A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself5.Does your brother often wash clothes B ?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We study Chinese, English , math and some C subjects.A .the other B. one C .other D .another7.I

27、have two sisters. A of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8.The book on the shelf is A . She wrote name on its cover .A .Hers; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself9. "Don't worry . There's A much wrong with you." said th

28、e doctor.A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very 10.These shoes are too small. You may buy some _B_ shoes.A .another B .other C .the .others D. others 11.I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but _D_ of them came .A .another B. other C .the others D .others 12.They are _ the sam

29、e size , so you may take _D_ half of the cake.A. at; each B. in; both C .at; neither D .in; either 13.Betty and John have come back , but _A_ students in the class aren't here yet.A. the other B others C. another D. the others14.Your mother is kindness _B_. A .itself B. herself oneself D .himsel

30、f15.She stayed there longer than _D_.A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else16.Is this her bike? No, it isn't . It's _A_.A. mine B. my C. me D. he's17. _C_ Li Ping's brother. A. Her B. His C. He's D. She's18.He is a boy. B name is Wang Bing. A. He B. His C. Her

31、D. He's19.What's this? C . A. It's a bread B. It is a bread C. It's bread D. This is bread20.The bowls are on the table .There are some eggs in B .A. the B. them C. it D. he 21.Let C have a meeting .A. me B. you C. us D. me 22. Mother often sees B on Sunday .A. her all friends B. all

32、 her friend C. her friends D. her all friend.23.When you see Tom and his sister , tell C that mother is waiting at the gate.A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her 24.He wants you to talk D about China.A .anything B .nothing C. thing D .something25.Granny seems ill . Are you sure it

33、9;s A ?A .nothing serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything （ C 類）1. If _B_ steps on the grass, tell _to come to the teachers office.A. someone; them B. anyone; him C. anybody; them D. everyone; him2. On Christmas Day, _C_ of us was excited because we each _a present.A. ever

34、y one; was given B. everyone; was givenC. every one; were given D. everyone; were given3. Would you like _B_ sugar in your coffee ?Yes, only _.A. any; a few B. some; a little C. some; few D. any; little4.We think the actors in Friendship act better than_ _B_ in Spaceman on earth.A. that B. those C.

35、the one D. ones5.He has_ B_ daughter. She is very pretty.A. a few B. a little C. few D. little6.-How much homework has your cousin finish ? -_A_ at all. He has sat there the whole morning, doing_.A. None; nothing B. Nothing; none C. No one; nothing D. Nothing; none7.-What should we give away to the

36、homeless people ? -_B_ will do as long as we can keep them warm.A. Everything B. Anything C. Nothing D. Something8. -I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily ?-_C_ Lily _I will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father in the garden

37、. A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Either, nor【中考鏈接】（2010蘇州，1）-Wow! Youve got so many skirts. -But_ D_ of them are in fashion now.A. all B. both C. neither D. none(2010蘇州，13)-Why dont we take a little break? -Didnt we just have _C_?A. it B. that C. one D. this(2010徐州，6)The old pen is br

38、oken, Id like B_ _one to write with.A. the other B. another C. others D. the others(2010連云港，8)Maybe the disaster can destroy our homes, but D_ can destroy the love between people.A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing(2010無錫)-Do you know _A_ this dictionary belongs to? -Let me see. Oh, it

39、s_.A. who; mine B. who; me C. whose; mine D. whose; me(2010上海閘北區(qū))I knew _C_ about curling( 冰壺 ) until the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything(2008南京)-Who helped you with you English ? -_A_! I learned it on my own.A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Eve

40、rybody(2010湖北宜昌)-I feel a bit thirsty .Would you like some tea, too? -Yes. Just_A_.A. a little B. some C. a few D. a lot(2010重慶)-What do you think of the students ideas about the trip? -I dont agree with _B_. ButI think some of them are very good.A. any B. all C. nothing D. anything(2010常州)Your digi

41、tal watch is quite nice. Where did you buy _? I want to buy _C_, too .A. one; one B. it ; it C. it; one D. one; it 六 錯題記錄錯題題號錯誤原因錯誤知識點(diǎn)小結(jié)課堂練習(xí)課后作業(yè)第 三 講 介詞一 考情分析中考分值介詞是中考的考點(diǎn)，一般分值在2分左右，占的比率在2左右?？疾榉绞竭@部分考查的重點(diǎn)一般有：時間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞及方式介詞的使用及介詞與動詞等詞的搭配的靈活運(yùn)用；作文中對相關(guān)介詞的正確運(yùn)用等。二 知 識 回 顧1介詞的含義及類別。2常見介詞的基本用法。（1）表時間的介詞1）at，

42、in； on：表示時間點(diǎn)用at。例如：_at_ six oclock， _at_ noon， _at_ midnight。表示在某個世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時，用in。例如：_in_ the nineteenth century， _in_ 2002， _in_ may， _in_ winter， _in_ the morning， _in_ the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時，用on。例如：_on_ Monday， _on_ July 1st， _on_ Sunday morning等。2） since， after由sin

43、ce和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點(diǎn)開始的時段，但since詞組表示的時段一直延續(xù)到說話的時刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。而after詞組所表示的時段純系過去，因而要與一般過去時連用。例如：I havent heard from him _since_ last summer._After_ five days the boy came back.3） in， afterin與將來時態(tài)連用時，表示“過多長時間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。After與將來時態(tài)連用時，后面只能跟表示時間點(diǎn)的詞語。After與過去時態(tài)連用時，后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。例如：He will

44、 be back _in_ two months.He will arrive _after_ four oclock.He returned _after_ a month.（2）表示地點(diǎn)的介詞1）at， in， onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。例如：He arrived _in_ Shanghai yesterday.They arrived _at_ a small village before dark.There is a big hole _in_ the wall.The teacher put up a picture _

45、on_ the wall.2） over， above， onover， on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸，一個在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge _over_ the river.We flew _above_ the clouds.They put some flowers _on_ the teachers desk.3） across， throughacross和through均可表示“從

46、這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如：The dog ran _across_ the grass.The boy swam _across_ the river.They walked _through_ the forest.I pushed _through_ the crowds.4） in front of， in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個范圍以內(nèi)

47、。例如：There are some tall trees _in_ front of the building.The teacher is sitting _in_the front of the classroom.3. 介詞的固定搭配介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。（1）介詞與動詞的搭配listen to ， laugh at， get to， look for wait for， hear from， turn on， turn off， worry about， think of， look after， spendon， 等。（2）介

48、詞與名詞的搭配on time， in time， by bus， on foot， with pleasure， on ones way to， in trouble， at breakfast， at the end of， in the end等。（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for， be afraid of， be good at， be interested in， be angry with， be full of， be sorry for等。三. 重 點(diǎn) 突 破1.表時間、地點(diǎn)、方式的介詞辨析：on, in , at , to , with, by等2.同義介詞的辨析

49、：across, through, on, above, over等3.同一名詞與不同介詞搭配的辨析：in the way, on the way, by the way, in time, on time,等類型一：表時間介詞的靈活應(yīng)用搭配練習(xí)（A類） 1. Ginas father is _about_ forty years old.2. Tom usually plays ping-pong _for_ two hours. 3. He came here _on_ a cold morning.4._After_two years, he became a teacher.類型二：表

50、地點(diǎn)介詞的靈活運(yùn)用搭配練習(xí)（B類）1. Jiangsu is _on_ the south of Anhui.2.Shanghai is _in_ east of china.3. China is _to_ the south of Russia.4. There is a bridge _over_ the river.類型三： 表 方式介詞的選擇搭配練習(xí)（B類）學(xué)習(xí)心得1. We write _with_ our hands.2. He learns English _by_ practicing reading every day.3. I cant say it _in_ Engli

51、sh課堂練習(xí)1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre _D_ 6:30 pm at the latest.A. after B. around C. until D. by2. They held a ceremony _A_ those killed in the battle.A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing _B

52、_ at home.A. but to read B. but read C. besides reading D. except to read4. Write your name and address on your bag _B_ you lose it.A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that case5. _A_ did the professor give you much advice? The choice of a career.A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what6.

53、 I made coat _C_ my own hands. It was made _ hand not with a machine.A. in; in B. in; with C. with; by D. with; with7. He is running _B_ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom running _ the right.A. down; and; on B. against; with; on C. for; with; in D. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the difference _B_ wheat, oats and barley.A. among B. between C. from D. in9. The young singer is quite popular _C_ the public. Shes ma