初中英語八大時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)(20211115141531)

1、一、一般現(xiàn)在時：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month)，once a week,on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加 don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則 用doesn't ,同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 does,同時，還原行為動詞。在一般現(xiàn)在時中，當(dāng)主語是第三人

2、稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即常在動詞原形后加-s或-es。一、人稱代詞he, she, it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：He likes watching TV.他喜歡看電視。She has lunch at twelve.她十二點吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起來像只貓。(口訣：I用am , you用are , is用于她他它，單數(shù)名詞用is ,復(fù)數(shù)名詞都用are)二、單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Han Mei looks like her mother.韓梅看起來像她的母親。Beijing is in China. 北京在中國。Uncle

3、Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：A horse is a useful animal.馬是有用的動物。This book is yours.這本書是你的。四、不定代詞 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代詞 this, that作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如： Everyone is here.大家至 U齊了。 There is something wrong with th

4、e watch.這塊手表有毛病。五、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時為第三人稱單數(shù)。如：The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small.那面包很小。六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是個吉利數(shù)字?！揪毩?xí)】一、 單選1 Jenny in an office. Her parents in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2

5、One of the boys a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it tomorrow.A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain4 He said the sun in the east and in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei music and often to mus

6、ic.A like; listenB likes; listensC like; are listeningD liking ;listen注：在這種構(gòu)成中，be動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語選用was / were 。 Be動詞分為），in 1989,肯定句式：主語 +情態(tài)動詞+其它6 Jenny English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he( come) to visit.2 your sister(know)English?3Her

7、 home( 遠(yuǎn)離 )her school.4The pot(not look) like yours very much.5 Where you(have)lunch every day?6 Who(想要)to go swimming?7 she(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually(play) games in the afternoon .二、一般過去時：概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, l

8、ast week(year, night, monthjust now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.一般過去時的結(jié)構(gòu)(可分三類不同的結(jié)構(gòu))1.Be動詞的一般過去時在沒有實義動詞白句子中使用be動詞，am is的過去式為 was;單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。2.實義動詞的一般過去時態(tài)肯定句要使用動詞的過去式，否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和does的過去式 did.肯定句式：主語 +動詞（過去式）+其它否定句式：主語 + didn ' t動詞（原形）+其它 【did

9、not = didn】't一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞（原形）+其它【do , does的過去時均為did ?注：1. did和didn '是構(gòu)成一般過去時的助動詞，其特點是要在其后跟動詞的原形。2.實意動詞do的一般過去時I do my homework every day.（用 yesterday 改寫句子 ）I did my homework yesterday.I didn ' t do my homework yesterday.（否定句）Did you do your homework yesterday ? Yes ,I did. /No, I did

10、n '寸般疑問句）3 .情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時與含有Be動詞的一般過去時，是十分相似，請注意觀察。否定句式：主語+情態(tài)動詞+ not +其它.一般疑問句：情態(tài)動詞 +主語+其它？注：情態(tài)動詞的過去式： canfcould , may fmight, must fmust , will-would , should-should 。are的過去式為 were肯定句式：主語 + be（was , were） + 其它.否定句式：主語 + be（was , were） + not + 其它.4 .特殊疑問句式：特殊疑問詞+be過去式+主語+其他？特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)助動詞

11、過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他?般疑問句： Be(was , were) +主語+其它?特殊疑問詞+do/does過去式+主語+動詞原形+其他?What was your former name ? 你以前叫什么名字？clock last night.Why was he late for school last Monday ? 上星期一他為什么遲到？What could she do twenty years ago ? 20 年前她能做什么？規(guī)則動詞的過去式1 .一般情況下，在動詞原形后面加 -ed。100k -looked playfplayed start fstartedvisit

12、fvisited pull -pulled, cook-cooked2 .以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加 -do live liveduseusedtaste -tasted3 .以 輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先將 y改為i ,再加 -ed ostudy studied try triedfly flied4 .以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音十元音+輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，要先雙寫這個 輔音字母后， 再力口-ed。stop fstoppedplan f planned stop -stoppedprefer 一 preferred5 .不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如：am

13、（is）-was, are-were （是），become _became （ 成為）go-went （走）基本用法 表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He suddenly fell ill last night.他昨晚突然病倒了。表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside.我在鄉(xiāng)下時經(jīng)常在河邊散步。敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then we

14、nt out for a walk.她早早起床，提水，打掃房間然后出去散步。一、請用正確動詞形式填空1. He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesso

15、n.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.12. Gao Shan(put) up the picture last night.13. I(sweep) the floor

16、 yesterday.14. What she(find) in the garden last morning?15. Her father(read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike(not go) to bed until 12 o'17. I listened but(hear) nothing.18. How many people(be) there in your class last term?二、按要求變換句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history.(一般疑問句)Frank an

17、 interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his roomjust now. (劃線提問) What he?3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book.(否定句)Thomas RMB 10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week. (劃線提問) family last week?1. I(have) an exciting party last weekend.2.she(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she

18、.3. What Tom(do) on Saturday evening?He(watch) TV and(read) an interesting book.4. They all(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She(stay) at home and(do) some cleaning.6. When you(write) this song? I(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol,(study) for the m

19、ath test and(practice) English last night.8. Mr. Li(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he.9. How(be) Jim's weekend? It(be not) bad.10. (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。構(gòu)成：be+現(xiàn)在分詞。be應(yīng)為助動詞，應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致?！咀ⅰ縿釉~現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則1 . 一般情況下，直接在動詞后加-ing ,如

20、：work - working study - studying2 .動詞以不發(fā)音的 -e結(jié)尾，要去-e力口-ing,如： make - making dance - dancing3 .重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再力口 -ing,如：put - putting begin - beginning4 .以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞，把-ie變成y再力口-ing ,如：lie - lying tie - tying寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式dance shop play speak have work write take study sit sing swim lie變化：肯定句式：主語+be(

21、 am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否定句式：主語 +be(am, is, are) +not + 現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.一般疑問句：Be(am, is, are) +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？特殊疑問句：疑問詞 +be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根據(jù)實際情況回答。用法(包括高級用法)：1,表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition.不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。Let's set of

22、f. It isn' t rainingnow.發(fā)吧?，F(xiàn)在不下雨了。這類情況常與 now 現(xiàn)在，at the present 現(xiàn)在，at the moment 現(xiàn)在，today 今天，this week 這個星期，this year今年等時間狀語連用。有時通過上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時態(tài)，如：It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground.現(xiàn)在是下午四點。孩子們在操場上踢足球。Hurry up! We are all waiting f

23、or you. 快點！我們大家都等著你。Why are you looking （do you look ） so sad? 為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢?Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他們在那邊的樹底下看書。Listen! She is singing in the room. 聽！她在房間里唱歌。Where is Kate? She is reading in the room.凱特在哪里？她在房間里看書。Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 為什么哭呢？有什么不對？2

24、,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時不一定在進(jìn)行的動作。We are working in a factory these days.這幾天我們在一家工廠工作。They are compiling a dictionary.他們在編一本詞典。這類情況常與 today今天，this week這個星期，this evening 今天晚上，these days現(xiàn)在、目前等時間狀語連用。3,在口語中表示主語計劃將要作的動作。They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他們將要動身前往紐約。Is your brother departing soon?你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎

25、？這類情況常與 come來，go去，leave離開，depart離開，arrive到達(dá)，stay逗留，start開始等動詞連用。所用的動詞必須是動作而不是狀態(tài)，主語必須是人。4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always等副詞連用時帶有感情色彩。He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜歡跟別人吵架。She is constantly worrying about her son's health.她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著。The boy is forever asking questions.刃 B個男孩老是問問題。這類情況常與 always總是，usu

26、ally通常，continually不斷白constantly經(jīng)常的，forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用。5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時句子和一般現(xiàn)在時同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示問者的關(guān)切心情。How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today? ）你今天感覺如何?I am looking （look ） forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再來。6,有的動詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外，一般不和其他時間副詞連用的。Our study is becoming more interesting.我們的

27、學(xué)習(xí)變得越來越有趣了。The leaves are turning red.樹葉漸漸地變紅了。The war is ending.戰(zhàn)爭接近尾聲了。Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper.等會兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了。適合于此種用法的動詞有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go 變成，begin 開始，forget忘記，remember記得，die死，finish完成，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，rise增強(qiáng)等.7, "be詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。"be"動詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。He

28、is being foolish.他在裝傻。He is being honest.他表現(xiàn)得特別老實。She is being rude.她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。I can't understand why he is being so selfish. 我不明白此時他為何如此自私。適合于此種用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful細(xì)心的，patient耐心 的，lazy懶惰的，silly傻的，rude粗魯白polite禮貌的，impolite無禮的等表示人的特性、 性格的形容詞。（“b呦詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示人的行為，純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶 有行動時或

29、主語不是人時，“b型詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時）如：I am happy.（表語是純粹的心理狀態(tài)，不可用 am being ） 我很快樂。He's tired.（表語是純粹的生理狀態(tài)，不可用 is being ）他很疲倦。It's hot today.（主語不是人，不可用 is being ） 今天很熱?！揪毩?xí)】一.填空題1) .she,the window,open,now.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時連詞成句.)2) .is,who,the window,cleaning?(連詞成句)3) .She is closing the door now.(改成否定句 )4) )You are doi

30、ng your homework.( 用"I"作主語改寫句子)5) .they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時連詞成句.)6) .The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句 )1. Mr Zheng(read) a book now.2. The rabbits (jump) now.3. . Look ! Tom and John(swim).4. My brother(make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus(stop).6.

31、 We(have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is(come).8. They(catch) butterflies now.9. He (do) an experiment now.10. They (collect) stamps now.11. Look! He(dive) now.12. Tom( watch ) TV in the dining room.13. The doctors(get ) off the bus.14. Come on. They ( leave ) now.15. It(eat) fish now.16

32、. My father(work) in the office now.17. Where is your mother?She phone.18. The teachers(run) now.二、按要求改寫句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：對The boy提問：2 .造句：四、過去進(jìn)行時：(一)概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。(二)結(jié)構(gòu) ： were /were+ V-ing.(三)標(biāo)志詞：1.at this/that time,(answer) the 2.at this/that ti

33、me yesterday (last night/Sunday/week ),3 .at+ 點鐘 +yesterday (last night / Sunday ),4 . when sb/sth. did sth. last evening5 . the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while 等。例如：I was making fruit salad at this time.They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.(四)一般過去時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡略回答。1 .肯定

34、句：主語 +was/were+V-ing+ 其它.I was watching TV at that time last night. while只指一段時間。while從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。2 .否定句：主語 +was/were+not+V-ing+ 其它.fI was not watching TV at that time last night.3 .一 般 疑 問 句 ： was/were + 主 語 +V-ing+ 其它？fWere you watching TV at that time last night?肯定回答：Yes, I was.否定回答：No, I wasn&

35、#39; t.4 . 特 殊 問 句： 疑 問 詞 + was/were + 主 語 +V-ing+ 其 它？ What were you doing at at that time last night?（五）基本用法：1 .過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某個時間點發(fā)生的動作或事情。（用介詞短語和從句來表示時間點）I was sleeping at this time last Sunday.（過去某時亥U ）My mother was cooking dinner at 9:00 yesterday.（過去某時亥U ）We were having supper when Tom came in.我們

36、正在吃晚飯時電話響了？（從句表示時間點）2 .過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生動作或事情。（the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while, when等。）Lucy was working all day.（過去某一段時間）We were watching TV from seven o' clocko nine o' clockast night.3 .在復(fù)合從句中，從句和主句的動作都是延續(xù)性或同時發(fā)生，那么主從句都要過去進(jìn)行時。While he was waiting for the bus , he was

37、resding newspaper.他邊等車邊看報。 （兩個動作都是延續(xù)的）He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他洗車時我在做飯。（兩個動作同時進(jìn)行）（六）when和while的用法區(qū)別when既指時間點，也可指一段時間。因此 when在狀語從句中的動詞可以終止性動詞，也 可以是延續(xù)性動詞when說明從句的動作和主句的動作可以是同時，也可以是先后生；while則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動作在從句動作的發(fā)生的過程中或主從句兩個動作同時發(fā)生。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。后用一般過去時。 While后面一般用過去進(jìn)行時。如果從句和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，兩句都用過去

38、進(jìn)行時的時候，多用 while引導(dǎo)，a.When the teacher came in, we were talking. =While we were talking, the teacher came in.b.They were singing while we were dancing.【練習(xí)】1.1 at 8:00 yesterday.A. was sleeping late B. slept late C. sleep late2 .They at this time.A. talking on the phone B.were talking on the phone B. w

39、as talking on the phone3 .Lily was standing in front of the library.A. two hours ago B. tomorrow C. at that time yesterday1.1 when the UFO arrived?A. was cutting hair B.was cutting hair C. cutting hair5 .My father was reading newspaper my mother was cooking dinner.A. when B.while C. what6 . My broth

40、er while he his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C.fell, rode7 . I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A.worked B. was working . C is working8 .-what were you doing at seveno' clocklast Sunday? -I the shower.A. was getting out of B. go

41、t out of C.was get out of9 . I my breakfast when the bell rang.A. had B. was having C.am having10 The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.A. was traveling B. traveled C. traveling11 . - What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad.”-Oh, nothing much. in fact, I of my friends back ho

42、me.A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking12 .What from three to four yesterday afternoon?A.have you done B.did you do C.were you doing13 .-I called you yesterday evening.but there was no answer.-Oh, I 'm sorry I dinner at my friend ' home.A.had B. was having C.have14

43、 .My mother while my father TV.A. cooked, was watching B. was cooking, was watching C. cooked, watched15 .when I got home, my son the music.A. am listening B. listened to C.was listening二、動詞填空。I.John (work ) all day yesterday.2. He (walk) home when the rain (begin ).3. -What you (do) at ten o'cl

44、ock yesterday ? -I (study) in class .4. While Harry ( have ) breakfast, Lily telephoned him .5. I(write) a letter at t en last night.6. It was six. The Greens(have) supper.7. When you(knock) at the door yesterday,I(do) some washing.8. While my mother(watch) TV, I(make) a kite.9. you(feed) the animal

45、s at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?10. Mrs Green(not wash) clothes at this time last Saturday.三、按要求改寫句子。1.1 was getting out of bed when the UFO landed.(對劃線部分提問)you when the UFO landed?2 . They played tennis yesterday afternoon.( 用 at 5:00 yesterday afternoon改寫句子)They tennis at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.3

46、. While it was raining ,the plane took off.(改 為 同 義句)It was raining the plane off.4 .昨晚八點鐘我爸爸在看報紙。My father a newspaper at 8:00 yesterday evening.5 .電話響時，我媽媽在做晚飯。My mother when the phone.6 .當(dāng)外星人買紀(jì)念品時，我報了警。the alien was buying a suvenir ,I the police.6.1 was washing my shoes at that time.(改 為 一 般 問句)

47、your shoes at that time?五、現(xiàn)在完成時：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。（一）構(gòu)成：主語+ have/has + V過去分詞。“have /has ”如何使用需記清。當(dāng)主語是I, you和復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時要用have;單數(shù)主語后跟has。也就是說have/has需同主語的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。（二）用法接觸一：肯定句式現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是“have（has） +過去分詞”。如： We have just finished our homework . She has gone home注意：1）該句式中的ha

48、ve或has是助動詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。2）該句式中have （has）和過去分詞之間可用 just插入。3）把該句式譯成漢語時，往往用巴經(jīng)“、剛剛“、過”或了 ”等。接觸二：疑問句式現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。如： Have you read this story book yet ?特殊疑問句及反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)如下： What have you done with my bike? You've read this story book, haven't you?注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句往往在句末加ye

49、t。2）把現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句譯成漢語時，往往譯成“過嗎？ "、巴經(jīng)了嗎？等。3）其肯定回答用 “Ye s. . have （has）.:否定回答用 “No. haven't （hasn't）. ",有時用 “No not yet ."或"No never .接觸三：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是“haven't （hasn't ） +過去分詞”。如： We haven't studied Unit 2 yet . The train hasn't stopped yet注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句末

50、往往加yet。2）否定句常譯為 還沒有”等。接觸四：用法之一：現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如:Have you read that story ?你讀過那個故事嗎？（讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。）I have bought two apples . 我買了兩個蘋果。（買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個蘋果。）在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成日連用的幾個副詞：already , just, ever, yet,never等。already , just多用于肯定句中，ever , yet, neve

51、r多用于疑問句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my homework .我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。He has just had his meal .他剛吃過飯。Have you ever sung this English song ?你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？They haven't started yet .他們還沒有動身。We have never heard of it .我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。接觸五：用法之二：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。注：這一用法即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法因為表示的是持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動詞通常是延續(xù)性動

52、詞：be, stay, study, wait,keep, have 等；使用的時間狀語通常由 for或since引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個時間段，指某個動作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長時間，如 for three years, for halfan hour 等。2. have(has) been to 意為 曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。She's lived here ever since then.I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.since作介詞，后面可以接一個時間點，如 since 19

53、80 ,也可以接工段時間+ago”,如：since three years ago, since two months ago 等。since還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句。如： We have known each other since we went to college.非延續(xù)性動詞不能直接和for或since連用，但我們可以找一個相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或動詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動詞，如：comefbe, come to -be in / at, go out f be out, leave fbeaway, begin / start -be on, stop f be o

54、v erbuy- have, borrow - keep, open fbe open, close f be closed, join f be a member of, die f be dead, catch a cold f have a cold, get to knowf know, become a teacher f be a teacher, fall asleep f be asleep,ifall f be 嚕。句型It is the first ( second, third.) time that. 的that從句中，謂語動詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示到說話時為止動作發(fā)生過

55、幾次。如： It is the first time that I have been here.接觸六：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比較：The plane has arrived .飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。(說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒。)The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago.飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。)接觸七： have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法1. have(has) been in 意

56、為 巴經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時間 ”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他們至 U力口拿大有五年了。可與just, ever, never 等連用。如：I've just been to the post office.我剛才去郵局了。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?Mary has never been to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過長城。3. have(has) been to后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。如：I've been to Beijing three times.我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。4. have(has) gone to 意為 到某地去了 "，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用