語(yǔ)法專題之非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)培訓(xùn)資料

1、語(yǔ)法專題之非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)法專題之非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語(yǔ)的分類非謂語(yǔ)的分類：to do, doing, done 非謂語(yǔ)的不同形式非謂語(yǔ)的不同形式： to do 不定式不定式 to be doing to have done doing現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 having done 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞:done having being done 注意：l“有”字結(jié)構(gòu)have sth to do如： I have some clothes to wash. I have some clothes to be washed.2. the first + (sb/sth) +to do second third3

2、.give me a knife to cut with pen to house to 工具 地點(diǎn) + sb do如： I heard him sing a song just now. He was heard to sing a song just now. We made him clean the classroom. He is made to clean the classroom.3）主要?jiǎng)釉~+to do tell sb to do persuade sb to do forbid sb to do encourage sb to do convince sb to do re

3、quire sb to do force sb to do beg sb to do want sb to do advise sb to do order sb to do remind sb to do get sb to do cause sb to do warn sb to do teach sb to do invite sb to do4) 做主補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu) sb is required to do to be doing to have done said believed known considered found reported如：He is said to have go

4、ne abroad. Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 5) find + it + n/ adj +to do think feel make consider expect如：We make it a rule to get up early. She finds it easy to learn English.1. D 2.C B1.D 2.A1 A 2.A11.評(píng)注狀語(yǔ)：評(píng)注狀語(yǔ)：to be honestto tell the truthto be frank不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1）adj+ to do (e

5、asy, difficult, heavy, hard interesting, light）如如: The problem is easy to solve . The man is difficult to get on with. The box is heavy to carry.wh- + to do如如: I dont know what to do next.to let, to blame, to seek如如 The house is to let. The reason is not far to seek. 3）He gives me some books to read

6、.Theres nothing to do. Theres nothing to be done. Theres nothing to see. Theres nothing to be seen.現(xiàn)在沒(méi)事干。現(xiàn)在沒(méi)事干?，F(xiàn)在沒(méi)什么辦法了。現(xiàn)在沒(méi)什么辦法了。沒(méi)東西值得看。沒(méi)東西值得看。看不見(jiàn)什么東西。看不見(jiàn)什么東西。注意注意: 動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)My coming back home late made my mother angry.I cant imagine George sailing across the ocean in a boat非謂語(yǔ)區(qū)別：非謂語(yǔ)區(qū)別： try to

7、 do mean to do regret to dotry doing mean doing regret doinggo on to forget to do remember to do go on doing forget doing remember doingstop to do cant help doing need doing stop doing cant help (to) do need to do1.want doing require doing need doing2.be worth doing/ n be worthy of being doneof + nt

8、o be donedoing- - being donehaving done-having been done1. C 2.A3.D 4. B獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)l功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，常用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。 1) 表示時(shí)間The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開(kāi)完會(huì)后我們都回家了。Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下來(lái)喝茶。2） 表示條件The condition being favourabl

9、e, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。3） 表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 沒(méi)有出租車，我們只好步行。He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)的。4） 表示伴隨情況Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。(=Almost all metals ar

10、e good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)常見(jiàn)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：常見(jiàn)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. 名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間主謂關(guān)系。如： The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說(shuō)什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時(shí)間允許的話，我們明天去郊游。

11、2. 名詞/主格代詞+過(guò)去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過(guò)去分詞之間的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問(wèn)題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見(jiàn)黑板上的字。 3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一

12、次具體性的動(dòng)作。如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個(gè)飛機(jī)模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別后，一個(gè)回了家，一個(gè)去了書(shū)店。 4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。如： An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難，無(wú)一人生還。 So many people abs

13、ent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席，會(huì)議不得不取消。 5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞。如： He put on his sweater wrong, side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。 6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)。如： The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿著書(shū)去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards t

14、he door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對(duì)著門。 7. There being +名詞（代詞）如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒(méi)有別的事可做，我們就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒(méi)有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會(huì)。8. It being +名詞（代詞）如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。It being a holiday

15、, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)： 1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。舉例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們開(kāi)始放假。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國(guó)上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。He came in