英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯題exercises

1、“你要茶還是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題。許多西方人會(huì)選咖啡，而中國(guó)人則會(huì)選茶。相傳，中國(guó)的一位帝王于五千多年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶，并用來(lái)治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期間，茶館遍布全國(guó)。飲茶在六世紀(jì)傳到日本，但直到十七、十八世紀(jì)才傳到歐美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的飲料(beverage)之一。茶是中國(guó)的民族飲品，也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)和文化的重要組成部分?！癟ea or coffee? ” Thats a question often asked when people have a meal. Many westerners would choose coffee,

2、 while the Chinese would choose tea. Legend has it that tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and was used to cure diseases. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 16th century, but it was not u

3、ntil the 17th or the 18th century that it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is not only the national beverage of China, but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 中國(guó)結(jié)(the Chinese knot)最初是由手工藝人發(fā)明的，經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)百年不斷的改進(jìn)，已經(jīng)成為一種優(yōu)雅多彩的

4、藝術(shù)和工藝。在古代，人們用它來(lái)記錄事件，但現(xiàn)在主要用于裝飾的目的?！敖Y(jié)”在中文里意味著愛(ài)情、婚姻和團(tuán)聚。中國(guó)結(jié)常作為禮物交換或用作飾品祈求好運(yùn)和避邪。這種形式的手工藝(handicraft)代代相傳，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在中國(guó)和世界各地越來(lái)越受歡迎。The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen. After hundreds of years continuous improvement, it has become a kind of elegant and colorful art and craft. In ancient tim

5、es, it was used to record events, but now it is used mainly for decorative purposes. Knot, pronounced “jie” in Chinese, means love, marriage and reunion. The Chinese knot is used as gifts to exchange or as decorations to pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits. This form of handicraft has been

6、passed down from generation to generation, and has become increasingly popular in China and around the world.許多人喜歡中餐。在中國(guó)，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看，烹飪技藝和配料在中國(guó)各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking i

7、s considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since fo

8、od is crucial to health, a good chef is always trying to seek balance among cereals, meat and vegetables, thus making Chinese food tasty as well as healthy. 中國(guó)人的姓(surname)有一個(gè)字的單姓，也有兩個(gè)字或兩個(gè)字以上的復(fù)姓。當(dāng)代中國(guó)人正在使用的漢姓約有3,500個(gè)。在其中100個(gè)常見(jiàn)姓氏中，最大的三個(gè)姓氏是李、王、張。在中國(guó)，姓在前，名在后。中國(guó)人的名也具有自己的傳統(tǒng)和特點(diǎn)。名有一個(gè)字的，也有兩個(gè)字的。同一個(gè)家族(clan)中名字常

9、要按輩份排列。同輩的名字(如果是兩個(gè)字)里往往有一個(gè)字相同。The surnames of Chinese people can be one-character surnames or compound surnames made up of two or more characters. Contemporary Chinese use about 3,500 Chinese surnames. Among the 100 commonly used surnames, the three most common are Li, Wang and Zhang. In China, the

10、surname comes first, and is followed by the given name, and the latter has its own traditions and features. It can have one or two characters. In the same clan, the given name is often arranged in the order of seniority in the family hierarchy. And the given names of the peers usually have one Chine

11、se character in common if there are more than one character in their given names.黃河全長(zhǎng)5,400多千米，是中國(guó)的第二長(zhǎng)河。從地圖上看，黃河的形狀是一個(gè)巨大的“幾”字。黃河上游是中國(guó)羊毛、皮革和其他畜產(chǎn)品的主要產(chǎn)地。中、下游是中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)源地之一。黃河是中華民族的母親河。黃河流域被稱為中華民族的搖籃，也是世界文明的發(fā)祥地之一。相傳中華民族的始祖之一的黃帝就出生在這里。傳說(shuō)人就是天神女媧用黃河泥捏成的。The Yellow River is over 5,400 km long and is the second l

12、ongest river in China. Seen from the map, the Yellow River lies in the shape of a huge “幾”. The upper reaches of the Yellow River are the main producing area of wool, leather and other livestock products. The middle and lower reaches are one of the origins of Chinas agriculture. The Yellow River is

13、considered as the Mother River of the Chinese people. The drainage area of the Yellow River is honored as the cradle of the Chinese people and also one of the origins of world civilization. It is said that Huangdi, legendary ruler and ancestor of the Chinese nation, was born here. It is said man was

14、 made by Nv Wa (a legendary goddess) with the mud in the Yellow River.中國(guó)是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，同時(shí)也是世界上農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展歷史最悠久的國(guó)家之一。水稻等農(nóng)作物都起源于中國(guó)。中國(guó)政府十分重視農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，不斷加大農(nóng)業(yè)投入，積極進(jìn)行農(nóng)田水利基本建設(shè)，從而提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)代化水平，使農(nóng)業(yè)取得了輝煌的成就。最突出的表現(xiàn)是：中國(guó)依靠占世界不足7%的耕地，養(yǎng)活了占世界22%的人口。China is a big agricultural country. It is also one of the countries with the longest

15、history of agricultural development in the world. Crops like rice originated from China. The Chinese government attaches great significance to agriculture. It constantly increases investment in agriculture by actively building farmland irrigation and water conservation infrastructure. These efforts

16、have led to Chinas improvement of agricultural modernization and great accomplishments in agriculture. This is particularly shown by the fact that China has managed to feed 22% of the world population with less than 7% of the worlds cultivated land.給紅包(red packets)是過(guò)春節(jié)的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，就是在一個(gè)紅色的小信封里裝上錢，寓意幸運(yùn)和財(cái)富。紅

17、色是幸運(yùn)色，能給收到紅包的人帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。紅包一般是父母給兒女，爺爺奶奶給孫兒孫女，或者親戚朋友給小孩子的，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，都是除夕夜給的。這筆錢也稱作是壓歲錢，代表長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩的美好祝福，希望小孩在新的一年里平安、健康。大年初一串親戚朋友，也要給孩子送禮物和紅包。Giving red packets during the Spring Festival is a tradition. A red packet is simply a red envelop with money in it, which symbolizes luck and wealth. Red is the lucky color

18、 and will bring good luck to the person receiving the present. Red packets are usually handed out to younger generations by their parents, grandparents, relatives, close neighbors and friends, and are usually given to children on New Years Eve. The money is also called gift money, which is symbol of

19、 good wishes from the elders in the hope that children are safe and healthy in the new year. Starting from the second day, people begin to go out to visit friends and relatives, taking with them gifts and red packets for the children.每年4月4日、5日或6日是清明節(jié)(the Qingming Festival)。清明節(jié)后氣溫升高，雨水增多。清明節(jié)既是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日

20、，也是最重要的祭祀(commemoration)節(jié)日。在這一天，漢族和一些少數(shù)民族都會(huì)供奉祖先，為逝去的人掃墓。清明節(jié)也是陽(yáng)光明媚、草木吐綠的時(shí)節(jié)。自古以來(lái)，人們就有清明踏青(Spring outings)的習(xí)俗。人們還會(huì)在清明節(jié)放風(fēng)箏。這時(shí)植樹樹苗存活率高，之后長(zhǎng)得也快，因此清明節(jié)也是植樹的好時(shí)候。The Qingming Festival falls on April 4, or 5, or 6 each year. After the festival, the temperature rises up and rainfall increases. The Qingming Festi

21、val is not only a traditional festival in China, but also the most important festival of commemoration. Both the Han people and some minority ethnic groups offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased at this time. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines bright

22、ly, the trees and grass become green. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings. People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival. The Qingming Festival is also a good time to plant trees, for the survival rate of saplings is high and trees grow fast later.To get a

23、sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 1_ of some of the most important discoveries in modern science starting with Ernest Lawrences invention of the cyclotron in 1931. A gener

24、ation ago, female faces were 2_ and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 3_ the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 4_ all of them white males.But climb up to the third floor and youll see a 5_ display. There, amo

25、ng the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 6_ head of department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 7_ everything from the mechanics ofThe universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although theyre st

26、ill only about 10% of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 8_ may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the countrys top universities. Tha

27、t makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 9_. “I believe things are getting better,” she says, “but theyre not getting better as 10_ I would like.”What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associates or four-year bachelors degree programs. But as the nursing shortage 1_

28、, a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing “fast-track programs” that enable college graduates with no nursing 2_ to become registered nurses with only a year or so of 3_ training.In 1991, there were only 40 fast-track curricula; now there are more than 200. typical is Columbia Uni

29、versitys Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of science in nursing in a year. Those who stay on for an 4_ two years can earn a masters degree that 5_ them as nurse practitioners(執(zhí)業(yè)護(hù)士) or clinical nurse specialists.Many students are recent 6_; others are career switchers. Rudy Gua

30、rdron, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbias program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical (藥物的) research company. At Columbia, he was 7_ as a nurse practitioner. “I saw that nurses were in high 8_ and it looked like a really good opportunity,” he says. “Also, I didnt

31、want to be in school for that long.”The fast-track trend fills a need, but its also creating some 9_ between newcomers and veterans. “Nurses that are still at the bedside 10_ these kids with suspicion,” says Linda Pellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. “They wonder, how can

32、 they do it quicker?” The answer is they dont.The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their 1_ out to mobile-phone users in a big way. T

33、here are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide, a 2_ that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks last year 3_ to just $1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $424 billion global ad market.But as the number of eyeballs glued to 4_ screens multiplies

34、, so too does the mobile phones value as a pocket billboard(廣告牌). Consumers are 5_ using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messages,downloading songs and games, and 6_ the internet. By 2010, 70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile pho

35、nes. All of these activities give advertisers 7_ options for reaching audiences. During soccers World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to 8_ thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. “Our target audience was make aged 17-25,” says Marcus Spurr

36、el, Adidas regional manager for Asia. “Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket you just cant 9_ cell phones as an advertising tool.” Mobile-phone marketing has become as 10_ a platform as TV, online or print.Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall (陷阱) salt.A study by researchers at the University of California, San Franci