《英漢互譯實(shí)踐與技巧》第十三章科技英語翻譯

1、第十三講第十三講 科技英語翻譯科技英語翻譯一、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：一、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 1. 1. 英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成 2. 2. 科技英語的翻譯方法科技英語的翻譯方法二、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：二、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：1. 1. 英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成2. 2. 科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)3. 3. 科技英語的翻譯方法科技英語的翻譯方法. Formation of English Technical Terms英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成1. Affixation 綴合法：綴合法：prefix and suffix miniultrasonicprober = mini + ult

2、ra + sonic +prober微型超聲微型超聲波金屬探傷儀波金屬探傷儀 macrospacetransship = macro + space + trans + ship 巨型空間巨型空間轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)飛船轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)飛船 teletypesetter= tele + type + setter 電傳排宇機(jī)電傳排宇機(jī) bathythermograph = bathy + thermo + graph 海水測(cè)溫儀海水測(cè)溫儀 barothermograph = baro + thermo + graph 氣壓溫度記錄氣壓溫度記錄器器 deoxyribonucleic = de + oxy + ribo +

3、nucleic 脫氧核糖核脫氧核糖核的的 photomoiphogenesis = photo + morpho + genesis 光形態(tài)發(fā)光形態(tài)發(fā)生生. Formation of English Technical Terms英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成2. Compounding復(fù)合法復(fù)合法 Combining with a hyphen：salt-former鹵素，鹵素，dew-point露點(diǎn)，露點(diǎn)，pulse-sealer 脈沖定標(biāo)器脈沖定標(biāo)器 combining without a hyphen: fallout放射性塵埃，放射性塵埃，hovercraft氣墊船，氣墊船，w

4、aterlock 水閘，水閘，thunderstorm 雷暴雷暴 two or more separate words forming a word combination: verbal translator逐字翻譯機(jī)逐字翻譯機(jī), satellite antimissile observation system 衛(wèi)星反導(dǎo)彈觀察系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)星反導(dǎo)彈觀察系統(tǒng) bull s eye (靶心靶心)，cat-and-mouse (航向與指揮的航向與指揮的)，dog house (高頻高壓電源屏蔽罩高頻高壓電源屏蔽罩). Formation of English Technical Terms英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)

5、成英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成3. Blending 縮合法縮合法 smog = smoke + fog 煙霧煙霧 brunch = breakfast + lunch 早午餐早午餐/晚早餐晚早餐 telex = teleprinter + exchange 電傳電傳 gravisphere = gravity + sphere 引力范圍引力范圍 medicare = medical + care 醫(yī)療保健醫(yī)療保健 biorhythm = biological + rhythm 生理節(jié)奏生理節(jié)奏 copytron = copy + electron 電子復(fù)寫電子復(fù)寫(技術(shù)技術(shù))4. Acronym首字母

6、縮略首字母縮略 ADP automatic data processing 自動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)處理自動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)處理 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 艾滋病艾滋病 EDPM electronic data processing machine 電子數(shù)據(jù)處理機(jī)電子數(shù)據(jù)處理機(jī) MOUSE minimum orbital unmanned satellite of the earth (儀儀表載重表載重50 公斤以下的公斤以下的) 不載人的最小人造地球衛(wèi)星不載人的最小人造地球衛(wèi)星 SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制戰(zhàn)略武器

7、會(huì)談限制戰(zhàn)略武器會(huì)談 SNAP subsystem for nuclear auxiliary power (原子原子)核輔助動(dòng)核輔助動(dòng)力子系統(tǒng)力子系統(tǒng) AS air scoop 空氣收集器空氣收集器 air seasoned 風(fēng)干的風(fēng)干的(木材木材) airspeed 空速、氣流速率空速、氣流速率 air station 航空站、飛機(jī)場航空站、飛機(jī)場 American Standard 美國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美國標(biāo)準(zhǔn) atmosphere and space 大氣層與宇宙空間大氣層與宇宙空間. Formation of English Technical Terms英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成英語技術(shù)詞語的構(gòu)成5.

8、 Proper Nouns專有名詞專有名詞 Xerox 靜電復(fù)制靜電復(fù)制(derived from a trademark) IBM System IBM 系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)(derived from a US corporation) Kuru 庫魯病庫魯病(derived from a place in eastern New Guinea) Alfven wave 阿爾文波阿爾文波(derived from the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfven) . Characteristics Syntax of EST科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)1、Mor

9、e Long and Complicated Sentences One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problems, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and m c

10、oncentrating on the main issues. 經(jīng)濟(jì)理論對(duì)于管理科學(xué)的最重要貢獻(xiàn)之一，就是建立經(jīng)濟(jì)理論對(duì)于管理科學(xué)的最重要貢獻(xiàn)之一，就是建立分析模型。這種模型有分析模型。這種模型有 助于認(rèn)識(shí)管理問題的構(gòu)成，助于認(rèn)識(shí)管理問題的構(gòu)成，排除可能妨礙決策的次要因素，從而有助于集中精力排除可能妨礙決策的次要因素，從而有助于集中精力去解決主要的問題。去解決主要的問題。. Characteristics Syntax of EST科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)2、High Frequency of Noun Phrases (More Nominalization) All subs

11、tances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough. Poor Translation: 只要有足夠的電位差，所有物體都允許一些電流通過。只要有足夠的電位差，所有物體都允許一些電流通過。 Idiomatic Translation: 只要有足夠的電位差，電流便可通過任何物體。只要有足夠的電位差，電流便可通過任何物體。3、 Extensive Use of he Passive Voice General English： People

12、get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex. They mix it with acid, and d y it, and then they send it to countries all over the world. Chinese Version: 人們從橡膠樹中獲得天然橡膠。這是一種叫做人們從橡膠樹中獲得天然橡膠。這是一種叫做乳膠乳膠的白色乳的白色乳狀液體。人們先將橡膠與酸混合在一起，將其烘干，然后再運(yùn)狀液體。人們先將橡膠與酸混合在一起，將其烘干，然后再運(yùn)往

13、世界各國往世界各國 。 Scientific English: Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried, before being dispatched to countries all over the world. Chinese Version: 天然橡膠天然橡膠 一種一種 叫做叫做乳膠乳膠的的 白色乳狀液體取自橡膠樹。白色乳狀液體取自橡膠樹。 在運(yùn)在運(yùn)往世界各國之前，橡膠要經(jīng)過酸處理和

14、烘干。往世界各國之前，橡膠要經(jīng)過酸處理和烘干。4、More Non-Finite Forms of the Verb Today the electronic computer is widely used hi solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 今天，電子計(jì)算機(jī)廣泛地用于解決一些數(shù)學(xué)問題，這今天，電子計(jì)算機(jī)廣泛地用于解決一些數(shù)學(xué)問題，這些問題與天氣預(yù)報(bào)和把衛(wèi)星送人軌道有關(guān)。些問題與天氣預(yù)報(bào)和把衛(wèi)星送人軌道有關(guān)。5、Diff

15、erent Uses of the Tense When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when me steam was formed. 當(dāng)蒸汽重新冷卻為水時(shí)，所釋放出的熱量與其當(dāng)蒸汽重新冷卻為水時(shí)，所釋放出的熱量與其原來原來形形成蒸汽時(shí)所吸收的熱量相等。成蒸汽時(shí)所吸收的熱量相等。. Characteristics Syntax of EST科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)科技英語的句法特點(diǎn)6、The Post-Position of the Attributi

16、ve The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the same height. 向上的向上的力與力與向下的向下的力相等，所以氣球就保持在這一高力相等，所以氣球就保持在這一高度。度。. Methods of Translating EST科技英語的翻譯方法科技英語的翻譯方法1、Expanding Noun Phrases into Separate Clauses The slightly porous nature of the surface of the oxide film allow

17、s it to be colored with either organic or inorganic dyes. 氧化膜表面具有輕微的滲透性氧化膜表面具有輕微的滲透性，因此可以用有機(jī)或無機(jī)，因此可以用有機(jī)或無機(jī)染料著色。染料著色。2、Converting Noun Phrases into Verb-object Structures The building of these giant iron and steel works will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our cou

18、ntry. 建立這些大型鋼鐵廠建立這些大型鋼鐵廠會(huì)大大加速我國鋼鐵工業(yè)的發(fā)展。會(huì)大大加速我國鋼鐵工業(yè)的發(fā)展。. Methods Employed in the Translation of EST科科技英語的翻譯方法技英語的翻譯方法3、Converting Attributive Elements into Independent Sentences, Adverbial Clauses, etc. This is an electrical method, which is most promising when the water is brackish. 這是一種電氣方法。當(dāng)水含鹽時(shí)，這

19、是一種電氣方法。當(dāng)水含鹽時(shí)，它最有希望它最有希望。4、Converting the Passive into the Active Plants and trees are provided by nature with four means of dispersing their seeds. 大自然大自然賦予賦予草木草木4 種傳播種子的方法。種傳播種子的方法。. Methods Employed in the Translation of EST科科技英語的翻譯方法技英語的翻譯方法5、Supplementing Necessary Words to Indicate Different T

20、enses It was understood that atoms were the smallest elements. It is known now that atoms are further divided into nuclei and electrons, neutrons and protons, etc. 以前人們以前人們認(rèn)為原子是最小的結(jié)構(gòu)單元，現(xiàn)在才知道原子認(rèn)為原子是最小的結(jié)構(gòu)單元，現(xiàn)在才知道原子還可以分為原子核與電子、中子與質(zhì)子等。還可以分為原子核與電子、中子與質(zhì)子等。 Practice: Point out mistakes in the following tra

21、nslation and correct them. 1. In 1872, he published the results in a paper titled The Galvanic Chain, Mathematically Treated. *在在1872 年，他用電流的鏈、數(shù)學(xué)化處理為標(biāo)題在年，他用電流的鏈、數(shù)學(xué)化處理為標(biāo)題在報(bào)紙上發(fā)表了這個(gè)結(jié)果。報(bào)紙上發(fā)表了這個(gè)結(jié)果。 2. The importance of superconductors in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated. *超導(dǎo)體在電器應(yīng)用上的重要性不能被估

22、計(jì)過高。超導(dǎo)體在電器應(yīng)用上的重要性不能被估計(jì)過高。 3. During one four-year period about 600 years ago the Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe. *大約大約600 年前，黑死病在年前，黑死病在4 年中至少使年中至少使2500萬歐洲人死萬歐洲人死亡。亡。 4. The pilot lamp stopped to represent the termination of1he operation. *指示燈停止顯示操作終止。指示燈停止顯示操作終止。 1. In 1872

23、, he published the results in a paper titled The Galvanic Chain, Mathematically Treated. 1872 年，他在以電流的鏈、數(shù)學(xué)化處理為標(biāo)題的年，他在以電流的鏈、數(shù)學(xué)化處理為標(biāo)題的論文里發(fā)表了這個(gè)結(jié)果。論文里發(fā)表了這個(gè)結(jié)果。 2. The importance of superconductors in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated. 對(duì)超導(dǎo)體在電器應(yīng)用上的重要性怎么估計(jì)也不會(huì)過高。對(duì)超導(dǎo)體在電器應(yīng)用上的重要性怎么估計(jì)也不會(huì)過高。 3. Duri

24、ng one four-year period about 600 years ago the Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe. 大約在大約在600 年前，黑死病一次流行了年前，黑死病一次流行了4 年，至少使年，至少使2500萬歐洲人死亡。萬歐洲人死亡。 4. The pilot lamp stopped to represent the termination of1he operation. 指示燈熄滅，以表示操作終止。指示燈熄滅，以表示操作終止。 5. If a designer were to design a bracket to support 100 lb. when it should have been figured for1000 lb., failure would be forthcoming. *如果設(shè)汁者所設(shè)計(jì)的托架能支撐如果設(shè)汁者所設(shè)計(jì)的托架能支撐100 磅，當(dāng)它被設(shè)計(jì)磅，當(dāng)它被設(shè)計(jì)為為1000磅時(shí)，事故一