2020高考英語二輪復習第一講提升英語寫作的“三板斧”

1、卷別語用目的語用對象文體形式提示類型2019全國卷I申請做中國回展覽的志愿者當?shù)孛佬g館負責人申請信提綱式半開放2019全國卷R告知隊友Chris球隊近期將參加比賽隊友Chris告知信提綱式半開放2019全國卷m邀請英國朋友Allen經(jīng)加學校音樂節(jié)英國朋友Allen邀請信提綱式半開放2018全國卷ITerry向李華詢問中國做客習俗新西蘭朋友Terry介紹類書信提綱式半開放2018全國卷R寫一則觀影通知校宣傳欄“英語心書面通知提綱式半開放2018全國卷m英國朋友Peter詢問學生體育運動情況英國朋友Peter介紹類書信提綱式半開放2017全國卷I通知英國朋友Leslie下次上課的計劃英國朋友Les

2、lie告知信提綱式半開放2017全國卷R邀請外教Henry參觀剪紙藝術展外教Henry邀請信提綱式半開放2017全國卷m邀請留學生朋友Eric加入校乒乓球隊留學生朋友Eric邀請信提綱式半開放1 .語用目的一一講好中國故事，增強文化自信高考書面表達的情境設置真實，任務要求符合考生能力水平，又自然融入了我國 優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的內容，能夠引導考生在使用外語了解世界的同時，注重傳承和發(fā) 揚中華民族優(yōu)秀文明成果，運用中國元素講好中國故事，增強文化自信。2 .文體形式一一以應用文為主，主要考查書信/電子郵件從近幾年高考全國卷來看，書面表達主要考查應用文，其中以電子郵件為主，邀請信、告知信、介紹類書信考查較多

3、，只有2018年全國卷R考查了書面通知。電子郵件是生活中最常用的應用文體，近幾年來，當仁不讓地成為了命題專家的最愛， 而這也符合了高考“重考查深度更重考查廣度”、 “貼近生活”的趨勢特點。3 .提示類型 以提綱作文為主，試題的開放性越來越強近幾年高考書面表達主要以提綱作文為主，但提示越來越簡潔，試題的開放性逐漸增強。（半 ）開放性體現(xiàn)在試題既為考生提供了恰當?shù)奶崾?，又留有供其自由發(fā)揮的空間，既讓低水平的考生有話可寫，又讓高水平考生有展現(xiàn)自己語言表達能力的機會，保證試卷的區(qū)分度。普通作文VS高分作文一一找出差距才能目標明確普通作文常見問題高分作文優(yōu)秀特質1 .內容方面：審題有誤要點/、全過度發(fā)揮

4、2 .結構方面：缺乏語篇設計段落安排不合理結構混亂3.語百方面(1)詞匯方面單詞拼寫錯誤詞性誤用詞匯運用不準確(2)句子結構基本句式錯誤，不會熟練運用五種基本句式忽視英語句子特點，常用漢語式英語(3)語法方面時態(tài)運用/、準確動詞形式錯誤從旬使用錯誤4.書寫方面潦草，大小寫/、規(guī)范，字跡不，整，難識別。自行在試卷上畫橫格線。1 .要點完整審題準確要點齊全發(fā) 揮合理2 .結構合理段落層次合理條理清晰 很好地運用“三段式”作文法3 .表達流暢選詞準確能靈活運用高級詞匯，語言功底深厚。句式多變，長短句結合，能靈 活運用非謂語動詞、定語從句、 倒裝句和強調句等高級句式。4 .書寫美觀書寫規(guī)范，卷面整潔，

5、給人賞心 悅目之感。高考書面表達評分細則各省可能根據(jù)情況稍有不同1 .本題滿分為25分，按5個檔次給分。 如果是第四檔（16-20分），那么就給18 分。好處是：閱卷教師們“沒有風險”，怎么都說得過去。壞處是：低分下不去， 高分上不來。2 .評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求 來衡量，確定或調整檔次，最后給分。3 .詞數(shù)少于80和多于120的，從總分中減去2分。4 .評分時應注意的主要內容為：內容要點、應用詞匯和語法結構的豐富性和準確 性及上下文的連貫性。5 .評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。6 .如書寫較差以致影響交際，

6、可將其分數(shù)降低一個檔次。書面表達評價表自我評價與同伴互評寫作訓練時，教師評價和修改雖重要，但自我評價和同伴互評效果更佳，可以借 鑒下表進行自我評價和同伴互評。評價項目自我評價同伴評價修正與提高1.書寫工整嗎？有沒有亂涂亂畫？2句子開頭注意大小寫了嗎？3.有沒有注意標點符號？4.將文章分段了嗎？分成了幾段？5.有單詞拼寫錯誤嗎？幾個？6.有時態(tài)錯誤嗎？誤用了哪種時態(tài)？7.注意主謂一致了嗎？8.有沒有使用關聯(lián)詞？使用得當嗎？9.有沒有詞性的錯誤？哪一種？10.是否注意使用了復雜的句子結構？11有沒有用好詞好句？用了哪些？第一講提升英語寫作的“三板斧從“素顏”到“驚艷”微技能一 學會用詞準確得體亮眼

7、單詞和短語是文章最基本的組成單位。用詞是否準確、出彩在一定程度上決定了作文能否得高分。高考英語書面表達評分標準也鼓勵考生使用高級詞匯，但使用高級詞匯并不等于使用一些偏難、古怪的詞匯，而是使用一些表意準確、形象生動、語法正確且符合以英語為母語的人的習慣表達方式的詞匯。在使用詞匯時，我們可以嘗試如下方法。1 .無重復原則 求雅變異寫作時應盡量避免重復使用相同的詞語，要用貼切多樣的詞語來展示自己的詞匯水平。用詞不同、表達方式迥異，也是詞匯高級用法的體現(xiàn)。恰當?shù)厥褂猛x詞不僅可以體現(xiàn)雅致的文風，還有利于增強段落的統(tǒng)一性和連貫性。By learning English I have broadened

8、my mental horizons and increased my knowledge in different fields.fBy learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased myknowledge in various 巾elds.（2019 全國卷 I 滿分作文）通過學英語我開闊了我的視野，增加了我在各領域的知識。2 .具體化原則 生動貼切所謂詞義具體化原則是指，寫作中盡量避免使用意義寬泛、模糊的詞，而要根據(jù)語境使用具體生動的詞。So good do they look that I thin

9、k you could be interested in them.fSo attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested inthem.（2017全國卷H滿分作文）3 .晚詞優(yōu)先原則 新穎高級為了表現(xiàn)自己的語言功底，吸引閱卷老師的眼球，盡量用高年級階段學到的詞匯代替低年級階段學到的詞匯。Aimed to help us to know the importance of working， an activity themed “ Working is the most beautiful ” was

10、 held last week.fAimed to help us to be aware of the importance of working , an activity themed“Working is the most beautiful ” was held20s9 week卷滿分作文）旨在幫助我們意識到勞動的重要性，上周舉辦了一次主題為“勞動最光榮”的活 動。4 .短語優(yōu)先原則一一湊詞增色用短語代替不僅會使文章增加亮點，而且如果關鍵時刻思維短路，用短語湊字是 一個很好的選擇。(1)形容詞變短語的方法：of +同根名詞形容詞對應短語very importantof great i

11、mportancevery usefulof great usevery valuableof great valuevery beneficialof great benefitvery helpfulof great helpWorking as a volunteer will be very beneficial to my oral English.fWorking as a volunteer will be of great benefit to my oral English.(2019 全國卷 I滿分作文)做一名志愿者將會對我的口語很有益。(2)動詞變短語的方法：同義短語替換

12、動詞對應短語thinkhold the viewknow/realizebe aware ofusemake use of/take advantage of注意：更多短語替換參考P275 ”高級詞匯添色彩”部分 I like playing football in my spare time.T m fond of playing football in my spare time.T m interested in playing football in my spare time.T m crazy about playing football in my spare time.T m

13、addicted to playing football in my spare time. I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestionsinto account/consideration .注意：并不是短語一定會比單詞好，要根據(jù)具體情況，有時候貼切傳神的單詞要 比短語更合適。例如： We canlook at this problem in many ways.一We canview this problem in many

14、ways.（view 比 look at 更有內涵） We all live on one and the same planet.fWe all share one and the same planet.（share live on 更有 “味感”）很多考生作文裹足不前的一個重要原因是反復用初中學過的“第一反應詞”，背 了大量的靚詞妙語而不用。建議大家在想到一個表達時，務必要想一想還有沒有 更好的表達方式，這就是我們平時常講的“頭腦風暴法”，例如：beautifulfattractive/charming, difficult ftough/challenging注意：高級詞匯一定要使用合

15、理、得體，能夠完成表達任務為目的，簡單地不加分別地堆砌所謂的高級詞匯不僅不能讓你的作文增色添彩，而且會令閱卷者心生厭惡?！炯磿r訓練】I .用高級詞匯替換加黑詞語1.He should have driven more slowly.fHe is supposed to have driven more slowly.2.Because of the good weather our journey was comfortable.fThanks to the good weather our journey was comfortable.3 .Most of the students are

16、 short-sighted.fThe majority of the students are short-sighted.4 .The rain was heavy and as a result the road was flooded.fThe rain was heavy and consequently the road was flooded.5 .Jack is very clever, who often thinks of new ideas.fJack is very clever, who often comes up with new ideas.6 .Some st

17、udents think that they shoulcsave some of their pocket money for books.fSome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.7.I ' mery glad to learn that you are coming in September.T ' nmore than glad to learn that you are coming in September.8.Would you plea

18、sehelp me to turn down the radio?fWould you please do me the favor to turn down the radio? L根據(jù)提示用高級詞匯改寫下列句子1.As a result, the plan was a failure.(turn) fThe plan turned out to be a failure.1.1 believe that our country will become stronger and stronger.(convince)T am convinced that our country will b

19、ecome stronger and stronger.3 .He spends all his spare time in reading.(devote) fHe devotes all his spare time to reading.4 .As soon as he arrived, he began his research介詞短語作狀語) On his arrival, he began his research.5 .The summer vacation iscoming.(介詞短語作表語)The summer vacation is round the corner.6 .

20、Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.(occur) fAn idea occurred to me that/It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.7 .Developing a good habit is alsoimportant .(of+ n.) fDeveloping a good habit is also of importance/significance.8 .The number of English learner

21、s isincreasing .(介詞短語作表語) fThe number of English learners is on the rise.9.I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.(take)T sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.10.More and more Americans are curious about Chinese culture.(number)fAn increasing number of Americ

22、ans are curious about Chinese culture.微技能二學會寫句簡潔求異高級句式單一、缺乏生氣的文章，哪怕無任何錯誤也不可能得高分?？忌趯懽魑臅r 應多運用一些高級句式和復合句，并注意句式的靈活多變，讓文章讀起來抑揚頓 挫，讓深厚的語言功底得以體現(xiàn)，讓書面表達拽起來！運用多樣句式有以下幾種 方式。無重復原則變異求新句式無重復是指在同一篇文章中，不要過多地使用同一種句式。例如表達個人觀 點時不要通篇都是I think或In my opinion ;表達建議時不要通篇都是 You should. 或者 You' d better.長短句相問原則一一錯落有致短句一

23、般語氣重，多在一個復雜的意思表達完成之后表示強調，富有力度；長句 則適用于準確表達復雜的思想。運用長短句相問原則可以很好地發(fā)揮兩種句子的 優(yōu)點。反之，如果只用長句或短句，則會使行文顯得過于單調。所以，在寫作中 應該是長句和短句交替使用。請看下面考生范文：Last Sunday morning I went to the park by bike.I was walking in the park when a couple stopped me and asked I could help to take some photos of them.I offered my service wil

24、lingly.W計h many thanks： they waved goodbye to me.However. a few minutes later. I found they had dropped a black handbag on the bench where they had sat.Believing they must return to 100k for the handbag . I decided to wait for them . with the handbag in my hand.Soon： they hurried back and I returned

25、 the handbag to them.They thanked me again and again.What a great pleasure it was to help others out!文章長短句相間，本文用了三個長句，分別是when連接的并列句，其中含有一 個if引導的賓語從句；where引導的定語從句；現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。其余 都是短句。文章張弛有度，錯落有致。高級句式原則在寫作中，恰當?shù)剡\用23個高級句式是獲得高分的必備條件。下面為考生推薦幾種能有效提升寫作檔次的王牌句式，供大家選擇使用，希望大家能夠對它們爛 熟于心，在考場上能信手拈來。在考前備考過程中，要有意識地把背誦

26、過的句式嘗試運用到寫作中去，碰到一個句子時，要想一想有沒有更好的表達句式。如把兩個簡單句合為定語從句，把一般句變?yōu)閺娬{句等，更要看一下能否套用學過的句型， 如“not.until.句型”，“ so.that.句型”等。學會用英語思維，養(yǎng)成用英語高級句式寫作的習慣。一、學會使用高級簡單句1 .運用介詞短語Instead of giving us answers immediately he encourages us to think by ourselves.t詞短語作狀語）他鼓勵我們獨立思考，而不是馬上告訴我們答案。2 .運用不定式短語I feel much honored to have

27、the chanceto make my voice heard.（不定式短語作狀語和定語）（2019天津卷滿分作文）我很榮幸有機會讓大家傾聽我的聲音。3 .運用分詞短語Knowing that you are fond of classical music， I d like to invite you to participate in aChinese classical music concert現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）（2019全國卷出滿分彳乍文）了解到你喜歡古典音樂，我想邀請你參加一個中國古典音樂會。Compared with letters and public phones， mo

28、bile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.過去分詞短語作狀語 ） 與信件和公用電話相比，手機和網(wǎng)絡更快，也更方便。The Beijing Zoo , built in 1906 , has a history of more than 100 years進去分詞短語作定語 ）北京動物園，建于1906 年，有 100 多年的歷史了。二、學會使用高級復合句1 .as 和 which 引導的非限制性定語從句定語從句有多種形式，引導詞也有若干，但最容易掌握、最常運用的是as和which 引導的非限制性定語從句。表達

29、“正如”這一含義時，我們常用as引導的非限制性定語從句，它常放在主句之前，有時也可放在主句之中或主句之后。常見的句式有：As we all know/As is known to all眾所周知As he pointed out.正如他所指出的那樣As the famous saying goes.正如名言所說As we all know ， our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.（2）which 引導的非限制性定語從句whic

30、h 在引導非限制性定語從句時，可以指代某個單詞，也可以代指整個主句，在從句中可以作主語或賓語。Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture， I suggest you apply for PekingUniversity , which is one of the best universities in China.（20184匕京卷滿分作文）得知你對中國文化有興趣，我建議你申請北京大學，它是中國最好的大學之一。2 .what 和 that 引導的名詞性從句名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。其中what， that所引導

31、的名詞性從句是寫作中常見的高級表達方式。what 在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，而that在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。What you told me about your country broadened my horizons and aroused myinterest in foreign culture.（主語從句）（2019浙江卷滿分作文）你告訴我的關于你的國家事情開闊了我的視野，激發(fā)了我對外國文化的興趣。In addition， what may interest you most （主語從句） is that I am really nervous andu

32、pset （表語從句） when taking the exam.另外，最使你感興趣的是當考試的時候，我真的很緊張和難過。三、學會使用特殊句式1 .強調句型強調句型的使用是為了突出強調句子的某一部分，它是一種比較容易掌握的高級表達方式。其構成：It is/was+被強調部分+ that/who +其他。We created a harmonious atmospherweith sincerity and faithfulness .f It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.

33、2 .倒裝句在寫作中倒裝句應用比較廣泛，涉及的句型也比較多，包括部分倒裝和全部倒裝。常見的有：1 1) “only +狀語”置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝。People from all over the world can only in this way communicate easily and effectively.fOnly in this way can people from all over the world communicate easily and effectively.(2)none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little

34、 , seldom 等否定詞，以及由 no 構成的否定短語，如at no time, by no means等置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝。By the means of controlled release I only need to deliver books to other participants books are not only shared but it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.fBy the means of controlled r

35、elease, I only need to deliver books to other participants, not only are books shared but it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.(3)在so/suchthat.結構中，當so/such.位于句首時，其后的句子用部分倒裝。I was so excited that I couldn' t wait to try my hand aoweverjt.H was hard

36、erthan expected.fSo excited was I that I couldn ' t wait to try my hand at riding it.However it was harder than expected.【即時訓練】I .用高級句式升級下列句子1.1 realized the importance of English when I entered senior high schoo雌調旬)It was when I entered senior high school that I realized the importance of Engli

37、sh.2 .We can live a happy life only by this means.倒裝)Only by this means can we live a happy life.3 .We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.僦動語態(tài))More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our countr

38、y4 .The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it.倒裝） Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve.5 .The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.（定語從句）The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.6 .After we had practic

39、ed playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.。詞作狀語）Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.7 .There are a lot of trees and flowers in our school and our school looks like a big garden.（with 復合結構）With a 10t o

40、f trees and flowers in our school, our school 100ks like a big garden.8 .They didn ' realize the importance of environmental protection until all the fish in the river died out.Not until all thefishinthe riverdied outdid theyrealize theimportance of environmental protection.（倒裝句）It was not until

41、allthefish inthe riverdied outthat theyrealized the importance of environmental protection.（強調句）H .用高級句式翻譯下列句子1 .我們發(fā)現(xiàn)河水太臟無法釣魚。（so.that句型）We found the water was so dirty that we could not catch fish in iL2 .我們到了一座山，山腳下有一條小河在流淌。（定語從句）We arrived at a hill , at the foot of which there flows a small rive

42、r.3 .通過做運動，我們能夠始終保持健康。（By + doing）By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.4 .一聽到這個出乎意料的消息，他驚訝到說不出話來。（Upon/On doing）Upon/On hearing of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn ' say a word.5 .毫無疑問，你有困難時，會得到別人的幫助。 (There is no doubt that.) There is no doubt that you will be h

43、elped by others if you have any difficulties.6 .我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。(The reason why.is that.)The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.7 .如果你方便的話，咱們8: 30校門口見吧！If it ' sconvenient for you、 let ' smeet at 8: 30 outside the school gate.8 .只要我們有強大的信念，就能夠克

44、服任何困難。(as long as)As 10ng as we have a strong will , we' ll be able to get over any difficulty.微技能三 學會謀篇賞心 悅目高效近幾年全國卷高考書面表達考查的基本上都是書信，一般為半開放提綱作文。在 試題“注意”中有明確規(guī)定“可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫”。對于這類作文，考生不能離開情景和要求自行立意、選材，隨意發(fā)揮；但考生可以根據(jù)需要進行 適當?shù)陌l(fā)揮，因而有較大的靈活性。1 .最賞心悅目的布局一一3段結構高考作文最好采用三段式，不僅在行文上符合總一分一總的邏輯結構，而且在視覺上更加美觀，吸

45、引閱卷老師的眼球。以2019年全國卷I為例：示例假定你是李華，暑期在倫敦學習，得知當?shù)孛佬g館要舉辦中國畫展覽。 請寫一封信申請做志愿者，內容包括：2 .寫信目的；2.個人優(yōu)勢；3.能做的事情。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；3 .可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；4 .結束語已為你寫好。Yours,Li Hua【考生佳作】Dear Sir/Madam,My name is Li Hua.I ' m a Chinese student who is taking a summer course indoon now.I ' m glad to learn that your galler

46、y will hold a Chinese painting exhibitionwould like to do some voluntary work for the exhibition.So I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings.I would like to volunteer to help visitors, introduce Chinese paintings, spread Chinese cultu

47、re, and strengthen world cultural exchanges.My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world understand China.I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua2.最有效的拓展成文法一一5大方法(1)列舉具體的實例進行補充說明我要花一些時間和父母在一起。I ' ll spend some time stayi

48、ng with my parents.fI ' ll spend some time staying with my parentschatting with them and doing some housework.我看到了一些不良行為。I found some bad behaviour.T found some bad behaviour.Some people scribbled on the wall; some played on the lawn and some threw rubbish everywhere.(2)增添相關信息的時間、地點等內容 我要去購物。I &

49、#39; m going to do some shopping.T' m going to do some shopping the superm arket and won ' t be back until 5 00 o' clock in the afternoon.（3）增添事件的原因、結果、條件、讓步、手段、目的等內容我將參加一些社會活動。I will take part in some social activities.f If possible , I will take part in some social activities so that I

50、 can know more about society.（條件，結果）我需要好好休息，我要做些閱讀。I need a good rest.I ll do some reading.T need a good rest because I do feel tired after the hard work of all these years.I ll do some readifnogr fun ， as well as for knowledge .（原因，目的）這部電影主要關于學校的發(fā)展。The film is mainly related to the development of o

51、ur school.fThe film is mainly related to the development of our school, which will greatly help us students know the school hsistory better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school ' s deve（opment.（4）追加附加成分在要點基礎上適當增加合乎邏輯的附加成分，如定語（從句 ）、狀語 （從句 ）、非謂語動詞、獨立主格結構等。不僅增加了詞數(shù)，而且使表達更清晰、準確，主題更突出。

52、我建議老師應該多選擇英語電影。I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films.fAs a young student , I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films that appeal to us teenagers， thus making English learning more interesting.（5）結尾適當發(fā)揮，寫出個人感受、評價、愿望、倡議等 Although I was very tired this summer hol

53、iday， I felt very happy for what I did.（ 個人感受 ）盡管我這個暑假很累，但是我為我做的感到高興。 I think such activities are necessary and meaningful.砰價）我認為這樣的活動彳艮有必要，也很有意義。 I sincerely hope my advice can be helpful to you and that you can enjoy your newschool life.(愿望)我衷心希望我的建議能夠對你有所幫助，你能夠享受你在新學校的生活。 It is a duty for us stud

54、ents to protect our school environment and make it clean.( 倡議)作為學生，保護我們校園的環(huán)境并使之干凈是我們的職責。 .最有用的語篇粘合劑 4 類銜接過渡根據(jù)行文或段落需要，在句與句或段與段之間適當增加過渡詞語，甚至過渡句，可以使文章渾然一體，同時能充實文章?？忌鷳莆盏倪B接性詞語如下：(1)表示“ 首先 ” 的詞語表示“首先”的詞匯常用在主題段落的開頭，用于開篇引出擴展句。常見的詞匯有：first， firstly， first of all ， to begin/start with 等。First of all ， we mus

55、t make full use of every 45-minute lesson.To begin with ， smoking should be banned in public areas.(2)表示“ 其次 ” 的詞語表示“其次”的詞匯常用于承接主題句或第一個擴展句。常見的詞匯有：second/secondly besides, in addition, what' s moefurthermore, moreover等。Secondly， we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful expressions.What s more， good books can