高考英語常用詞匯、詞組辨析

1、高考常用詞匯、詞組辨析 本部分將常用易混詞和詞組歸納為127例，進行詳細的辨析，并舉例說明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下這些詞大部分出現(xiàn)在大綱詞表上，考生應在學習中特別注意加以區(qū)分。 （1）abroad adv. /aboard adv. /board n.&v. 前兩個詞是副詞，詞形相近，容易記混。這兩個詞的意思差異很大。abroad意為“在國外”；而aboard的意思是“登（機），上（車船等）”，與動詞go搭配來表示登機等；最后一個詞board常用來表示“登機，上船”，是動詞。例：I have decided to study abroad next year. 我已決定明年去國外讀書

2、。It is time to go aboard. 現(xiàn)在該登機了。We are asked to board half an hour before departure time. 起飛前半小時之內(nèi)，我們必須登機。（2）absorb v. /concentrate v. absorb原義為“吸收”，引申詞義為“吸引（注意力，精力等）”，常用于be absorbed in sth. 表示“被吸引住，專注于”；concentrate的意思是“集中精神，全神貫注，聚精會神”，多與on或upon連用。例：The picture absorbed my attention. 我被這幅畫迷住了。He fo

3、und his brother absorbed in the watching of the match. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)弟弟在聚精會神地看比賽。She tried to concentrate on her work in the university. 她試圖專心致志地在大學里工作。（3）accomplish vt. /complete vt.&a. /achieve vt. accomplish的詞義是“成功地完成每項任務”，尤其指經(jīng)過一定努力后完成；complete主要指“全部完成了，沒有剩下”，另外complete也是形容詞，意為“完整的，完全的”；achieve與accompli

4、sh相近，指“經(jīng)過努力最終達到預期的目標”。例：I knew that I had accomplished something during my first year in Beijing. 我知道在北京的第一年我已經(jīng)取得了一些成就。I have just completed the revision of this report. 我剛剛完成對報告的修訂。He went to London without having achieved any success. 他一事無成便去了倫敦。（4）accurate a. /correct a. /exact a. accurate的意思是“精確

5、的，準確的”；correct的意思是“正確的，沒有錯誤的”；exact的意思是“確切的，正好的”。例：I need an accurate figure on what we have lost in the battle. 我需要有關戰(zhàn)事?lián)p失的準確數(shù)字。This is not the correct answer to that question. 這不是那個問題的正確答案。These are the exact tools those people used several thousand years ago. 這些人幾千年前用的就是這種工具。（5）acquire v. /require

6、 v. /inquire v. 這幾個詞詞形、發(fā)音相近，容易記混。acquire的意思是“經(jīng)過自己的努力獲得，習得”；require的意思是“要求”；inquire的意思是“調(diào)查，詢問，打聽”。例：She has acquired a new set of interests. 她現(xiàn)在又有了一些新的愛好。The rules require us all to be present. 按規(guī)定我們都要出席。Why dont you inquire by telephone?你為什么不打電話詢問一下呢？（6）actual a. /genuine a. /original a. /real a. /p

7、ractical a. actual指“實際上”、“事實上”存在或發(fā)生的事情，或人所共知的客觀事實；genuine指與真實情況“一模一樣”，“名符其實”，“真心的”；original指信息或消息等“原原本本”的情況，見解等“獨到而非抄襲別人”；real指“真實存在的，不是假的或捏造的；practical指從實踐、實用角度講“實事求是的，可行的，有實際經(jīng)驗的”。例：The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.實際的修理費用比我們預期的要低得多。This ring is genuine gold. 這枚戒指是真金的。

8、This is an original play, not an adaptation.這是一本原創(chuàng)劇本，不是改編而成的。He is just a recent graduate experiencing the real world for the first time.他只是一個剛畢業(yè)首次體驗現(xiàn)實世界的畢業(yè)生。This kind of product is worthless for all practical purposes.這種產(chǎn)品毫無實用價值。（7）adapt v. /adopt v. 這兩個詞拼寫只差一個字母，非常容易記混。adapt的意思是“改編，改作用，適應”；adopt是“

9、收養(yǎng)，采用，采納”。例：I suggest that he should adapt himself to new conditions. 我建議他要適應新的環(huán)境。This play has been skillfully adapted from the original novel. 改編者很熟練地將原小說改編成一部戲劇。We can adapt this old house for use as a garage. 我們可以將這座舊房改造成一個車庫。Her mother had adopted a disapproving attitude. 她母親采取了不贊成的態(tài)度。They have

10、 decided to adopt me as their own daughter. 他們已決定收養(yǎng)我做女兒。（8）adequate a. /sufficient a. adequate常用來表示“充足的，完備的，完善的，勝任的”；sufficient則表示“在數(shù)量上是足夠的，多的”。在表示充足的含義上前者更強調(diào)足夠用來做某事，而后者則表示多，不缺乏。例：His wages are adequate to support these people。他的收入足以養(yǎng)活這些人。Two pounds of orange will be sufficient for the party，dont bu

11、y more. 兩磅柑桔就夠聚會用的了，不必再多買了。（9）administration n. /management n. 這兩個名詞都是與管理有關的名詞。administration的主要含義是“行政管理，政府等”，而management比前者的含義廣，它可以指“包括企業(yè)管理在內(nèi)的各種管理，經(jīng)營”，也可以指“行政管理”。例：An executive should be experienced in administration. 一個管理者應有行政管理的經(jīng)驗。Nothing was done by the last administration. 上屆政府什么事也沒干。The manage

12、ment of the business has been done very well. 這個企業(yè)管理得很好。She is going to report the whole thing to the management. 她將向領導做全面匯報。（10）admit v. /allow v. /permit v. /approve v. 這幾個詞都有“同意，批準，允許”的意思，要注意區(qū)別運用。admit的意思是“同意進入，允許進入”（常與to連用）；allow泛指“一般的同意，允許”；permit常用來表示“上下級之間的允許，批準”；approve的主要意思是“批準（條文，協(xié)議等），贊同”（

13、常與of連用）。例：This ticket will admit two to the opening ceremony of the exhibition. 這張展覽會開幕式的入場券可允許兩人入場。His mother didnt allow him to watch TV before he finished his homework. 不做完作業(yè)，他母親不許他看電視。This state permits the sale of alcoholic beverages. 本州允許銷售酒精類飲料。Do you think my father would permit this?你認為我父親會

14、同意這樣做嗎？Congress approved the budget. 國會批準了該預算。I do not approve at all of his moral character. 我根本不贊同他的道德品格。（11）advantage n. /merit n. /virtue n. advantage的主要意思是“優(yōu)勢，好處”，為可數(shù)名詞，常用于短語take advantage of sth.；merit的主要意思是“優(yōu)點，長處，好處，可取之處”，是可數(shù)名詞，也是不可數(shù)名詞；virtue的主要意思是“美德，品德，優(yōu)點”，主要從事物的品質(zhì)或價值的角度講優(yōu)點。例：I said we coul

15、d see certain advantages in a change. 我是說我們可以在改變中看到其優(yōu)勢。He knew the merit of his work. 他了解他的工作的優(yōu)點。One of his virtues is that he never gets angry. 他的美德之一就是他從不生氣。（12）affair n. /event n. /incident n. affair的意思是“有關的事，事務，活動等”，如foreign affairs（外事），也常指婚外戀；event指“每日里發(fā)生的事件，事或活動，比賽項目”；incident同event意思相近，指“事件，事

16、”，尤指較重大的、有影響的政治事件等。例：They have no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Iran. 他們無權干涉伊朗的內(nèi)政。The affair remained a complete mystery. 那件事至今還是個謎。The important event of the week was the big storm. 那一周中的大事就是那場大暴風雪。Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school children

17、. 村里即將發(fā)生的大事，就是招待學校的孩子們和舞蹈表演。Our team won the silver medal in this event. 我們隊獲得該項目的銀牌。On the very day before I left, an incident occurred.事件就發(fā)生在我要離開的當天。There were several incidents on the frontier between the two nations in the 50s. 50年代兩國邊境發(fā)生了許多大事。（13）afford v. /offer v. /provide v. afford的意思是“有條件擔負

18、，支付得起”；offer的意思是“給予，提出，出價”；provide的意思是“提供，供給，為做準備”，常與for, with一起連用。例：John cant afford to give so much time to it. 約翰花不起這么多時間來做這件事。I dont think well be able to afford any travel any more. 我想我們沒錢再旅行了。They were friendly and even offered assistance. 他們很友好，甚至表示愿意幫助我們。Mrs. Baines offered no comment on Sus

19、ans situation. 貝恩太太對蘇珊的處境未做任何評論。On Sundays his landlord provided dinner as well as breakfast. 周日，他的房東為他既提供早餐又提供晚餐。He provided for his family by working in a factory。他靠在工廠做工來養(yǎng)家。We must provide for the future. 我們必須為將來做好準備。（14）alarm n.&v. /warn n.&v. alarm的意思是“提醒，警告”，有使警覺，使做好準備的意思；warn的意思主要指“警告

20、，告誡”，有事先告訴可能發(fā)生的事，警告說的意思。例：There were several alarms during the night but no actual air raid actually took place. 當夜，空襲警報拉響了數(shù)次，但并沒有飛機來襲。He warned us that the road was icy. 他警告我們說道路很滑。（15）alike a.&adv. / identical a. 這兩個詞都有長得一樣，長得像的意思。alike是副詞也是形容詞，只做表語用；identical是形容詞，意思是“同一個，完全相同”，除了作表語，也可以在名詞前做定

21、語，可用于詞組be identical with。例：My brother and I are exactly alike. 我兄弟和我長得一模一樣。Its the identical coat which was stolen from my wife. 這就是我妻子丟失的那件上衣。Your pen is identical with mine. 你這支鋼筆和我那支完全一樣。（16）area n. /region n. /zone n. /district n. area通常用于面積可測量或計算的地區(qū)，界限明確，但不指行政區(qū)劃。如：60 years ago, half French peop

22、le were still living in the rural area. region常指地理上有天然界限或具有某種特色（如氣候、自然條件）自成一個單位的地區(qū)。如：the Arctic regions北極地區(qū)。另外region也指較大的行政單位。如：Xinjiang Autonomous Region. zone通常指地理上的“（地）帶”，尤指圖表上的環(huán)形地帶。如：refugees from the war zone從戰(zhàn)爭地區(qū)來的難民。district指行政劃分的區(qū)，比region小，通常指市鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的一區(qū)。如：Hai dian district海淀區(qū)（17）alive a. /live a

23、. /vivid a. /lively a. alive指“活著的，處于工作狀態(tài)的”的意思，和dead反義，常作表語。live指“有生命的”，即having life，“正處于工作狀態(tài)”的意思。vivid指人的表情、故事等“生動”、“逼真”、“活潑”等。lively指人及生物等充滿生機和活力，即“活潑的”、“充滿生氣的”。（18）affect v. /influence v. 這兩個詞都有“影響”的意思。1）affect vt. 作“影響”講時可分三種情況： 直接的、有形的力量作用于某事物或事件并使之發(fā)生變化。例：They try to affect the size of a crop by

24、 using fertilizer. 他們施肥料以使莊稼長大。 用于表示對某事物或事產(chǎn)生不好的影響。例：Exposure to intense light affects ones eyes adversely. 暴露在強光之下會損害眼睛。 指對另外一個人感情上的影響，感染，感動。例：Music affects some people very strongly. 音樂對一些人有強烈的感染力。He was much affected at the sad sight. 他深為這一悲傷的情景所感動。2）influence通常指“不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響”，往往是間接的，通過說服或以實際行動樹

25、立榜樣而對他人產(chǎn)生影響。例：He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine. 他受到一位中學教師的影響而學了醫(yī)。（19）allowance n. /tuition n. allowance 的意思是“生活費，補貼”；tuition的意思是“學費”。例：They gave her a small allowance but didnt pretend to like her work. 他們給她一小筆生活費，但對她的工作卻不甚滿意。At this school the tuition is

26、 free，but you have to pay for the books you need. 這所學校免收學費，但書費要你自己負擔。（20）amaze v. /amuse v. 這兩個詞詞形相近，容易混。amaze的意思是“使驚愕，使驚訝”；amuse的意思是“使開心，使高興”。這兩個詞用于被動式時，后而都接介詞at (be amazed/amused at sth.)。例：She was amazed at the mans sympathy with life. 這個男人對生命的同情態(tài)度讓她感到很驚訝。A clowns job is to amuse the spectators.

27、馬戲團小丑的工作就是逗觀眾開心。（21）announce v. /declare v. /claim v. announce的意思是“通知，宣布（結(jié)果，決定等）”；declare的意思是“宣布（公告，法律等），聲明”；claim意為“聲稱，要求得到，認領”。例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song. 她宣布歌手將再加唱一首歌。The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations. 中美雙方宣布了雙邊外交關系

28、的正?；hey declared martial law in the mining communities. 他們宣布對礦區(qū)實行軍事管制。If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?請這部相機的失主前來認領。She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!她聲稱自己的鋼琴彈得與Themelis一樣棒。（22）annoyed a. /upset a. annoyed的意思是“不快的，惱火的”（比angry的程度要低），從生氣的角度講不高

29、興；upset的意思是“不高興，難過，不舒服”，從感到別扭的角度講不高興。例：She was annoyed at your saying that. 你這么說讓她很不自在。Ill be quite upset now, if you dont come. 如果你不來，我會很不安的。（23）apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n. apparatus主要指“器械，裝置，儀器，器官”；instrument主要指“儀器，工具，樂器”；device指“器具，裝置，儀表，手段”；appliance指“器具，器械，家用電器等”。例：The

30、television men set up their apparatus, ready to film. 攝制組的人架好機器準備開拍。All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. 手術前，所有手術器械必須消毒。The television receiver is an electronic device. 電視接收機是一種電子設備。The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances. 廚房裝備了現(xiàn)代化的炊事用具。（24）appoint v. /assign v. appoint的意思是

31、“任命，指派，委任”，后多跟職位一類的名詞；assign的相關意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具體的工作。例：They appointed him Minister of Education. 他們?nèi)蚊麨榻逃块L。She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee. 她被任命為委員會的主席。The problem was assigned to a commission. 這項任務交給了一個特別委員會去處理。I assign you to wash the dishes. 我分配你去洗盤子。（25）approach n. /meth

32、od n. 這兩個詞都可以表示方法。approach常指“針對某一問題的解決處理方法”，后跟介詞to；method泛指“任何方法”，適用范圍比approach要廣，后常跟介詞of。例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics. 數(shù)學研究上沒有什么捷徑。It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening. 很奇怪，他們怎么會選擇這種方式來打發(fā)這個晚上。（26）approve v. /permit v. /admit v. approve指較正式地對

33、某種事情表示認可、贊同或批準；permit指允許、不禁止某人干某事；admit指容納，允許進入，承認。例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長批準了新建筑計劃。She wont permit dogs in the house. 她不準許家中有狗。He was admitted to the commission. 他被該委員會接納。（27）arise v. /arouse v. arise是不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”；arouse是及物動詞，意為“引起，激起，喚起”。例：A democratic movement has

34、arisen. 一場民主運動應運而生。We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我們把他從睡夢中喚醒。（28）assemble v. /resemble v. 這兩個詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，assemble意為“集中，集合，裝配”；resemble意為“相像”。例：People began to assemble on the platform. 人們開始向月臺聚集。In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes. 在那家工廠，工人們不到15分種就裝配好一部汽車。Smith resemble

35、s his father very much in all his ways. 史密斯各方面都象他的父親。（29）assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v. assure和ensure都有“保證，確保”之意。assure指十分肯定地向某人保證某事一定要發(fā)生，使其放心，因此后面往往跟人做賓語。ensure則強調(diào)能保證某種行為或某事件的結(jié)果一定發(fā)生。insure特指保險，替做保險；reassure意為“使人放心，使人安心，再向保證”。例：I assure you of the reliability of the information. 我可以向你保

36、證這消息是可靠的。Ensure that it is written into your contract. 你得保證把這一點寫到合同中去。Is your house insured against fire?你的房子做了防火保險了嗎？ The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her. 這名婦女擔心服用阿司匹林會帶來危險，她的醫(yī)生讓她放心，不會有危險的。（30）assess v. /access n. 這兩個詞詞形與發(fā)音很相近，容易搞混。assess是動詞，意為“評

37、估，估價”；access是名詞，意為“通路，能接近或使用”，后常跟介詞to。例：The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000. 這處房產(chǎn)的估價為7萬美元。They sent someone to assess the value of the factory. 他們派人去評估那家工廠的價值。The only access to the building is along the muddy track. 通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是這條泥濘的小路。Only senior students have the access to th

38、is reading room. 只有高年級的同學才能進這間閱覽室。（31）attach v. /stick v. attach的主要意思是“附加，附著”，強調(diào)附加；stick的主要意思是“粘貼，貼附于，緊貼著，固定”，強調(diào)緊密。例：Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes. 然后將導線接到電極的一端。There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached. 每人都有一份禮物，每份禮物都附有一首得體的小詩。Just stick 2 s

39、tamps on the envelope. 在信封上貼上兩張郵票。He stuck a rose in his buttonhole. 他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。（32）attribute to/owe to/due toattribute to意為“歸因于，認為是的結(jié)果”；owe to意為“應歸功于”；due to意為“由于，因造成，歸功于”，常用作表語或狀語。例：Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living. 杜德先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。If I have improved in any way, I

40、owe it all to you. 如果我有所進步的話，那應該歸功于你。His absence was due to the storm. 由于風暴他未能出席。He failed due to carelessness. 他的粗心導致了他的失敗。（33）wake v. /awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v. wake為動詞，意思是“叫醒，醒來，喚醒”；awake意為“醒來，叫醒”，作形容詞時意為“醒著”；waken是動詞，意為“叫醒，鬧醒”；awaken是動詞，意為“叫醒”，多用于引申意義“覺醒，引起”。這四個詞中最常用的是wake，尤其在口語中；awak

41、e和awaken多用其引申意義；awake常用作不及物動詞；awaken/waken多用作及物動詞。例：My brother wakes at seven each morning. 我弟弟每天早上7點鐘醒來。This at once awakened suspicion. 這馬上引起了大家的懷疑。When he awoke Joseph was beside him.當他醒來時，約瑟夫就在他身邊。The national spirit awoke. 民族精神覺醒了。She gently wakened the sleeping child. 她輕輕地叫醒熟睡的孩子。（34）award v.&

42、amp;n. /prize v.&n. award作動詞意為“發(fā)給獎品等”，作名詞意為“獎品，獎金等”；prize作動詞意為“珍視”，作名詞意為“獎品，獎金”，也可以指“寶貴的物或人”，prize還可以作形容詞，意為“獲獎的”。例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奧林匹克冠軍獲得了金牌的獎勵。They awarded him the Nobel prize. 他們?yōu)樗C發(fā)諾貝爾獎。Prizes will be given for the three best stories. 三部最佳作品將獲獎。Jane so

43、on became popular for a prize rose. 簡因那枝獲獎玫瑰而遠近聞名。As a secretary she was a prize. 她真是一個不可多得的秘書。（35）aware a. /notice v.&n. aware意為“意識到的，認識到的”，常用詞組be aware of；notice意為“注意到，察覺到”，notice還可以作名詞，意為“通知，注意”。例：She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her. 直到他跟她講話她才注意到他的存在。She is politically awar

44、e. 她很有政治頭腦。Did you notice anything else peculiar?你有沒有注意到任何特別的東西？They sent me a notice. 他們給我發(fā)了一個通知。（36）behave v. /conduct v. /act v. behave指人的行為、舉止和表現(xiàn)。本為不及物動詞，但用作此義時可與反身代詞連用；conduct與behave在作“行為”、“舉止”講時同義，但強調(diào)自我控制、約束；act作“行為”、“舉止”講時，為不及物動詞，不能和反身代詞連用。例：The child behaved (himself)badly at the party.那孩子在聚

45、會上的表現(xiàn)很差。She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.她悲傷時，表現(xiàn)出奇的冷靜。She acts like a born leader.她的舉止象個天生的領導。（37）blame v. /scold v. blame的意思是“責備，怪罪，埋怨”；scold的意思是“（厲聲）責罵，斥責”。例：I dont blame you, I blame myself. 我不怪你，我怪我自己。He blamed his failure on his teacher. 他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。Her father scolded her

46、 for being too free with the soldiers. 她父親斥責她與這些兵交往太隨便。（38）breed v. /feed v. breed意為“養(yǎng)殖，培育，繁殖，教養(yǎng)”；feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”。例：Some animals will not breed when kept in cages. 有些動物關在籠子里就會很難繁殖。Many farmers breed cows and sheep. 許多農(nóng)民養(yǎng)牛和羊。She was feeding the baby with porridge. 她正用粥喂自己的寶寶。The cows were feeding quiet

47、ly in the meadows. 牛群在草地上靜靜地吃草。（39）burden n. /load n. burden意為“負擔，包袱，擔子”，多為貶義；load意為“裝載物，負荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的負擔，壓力”。例：They dont want to add to the governments burden. 他們不想給政府添包袱。He was faced with the severe financial burden. 他面臨著嚴重的財政負擔。The bridge has been built to support very heavy load. 建這座橋是為了使重載車也能

48、通過。The load on her mind grew lighter. 她的思想負擔輕了許多。（40）campaign n. /champion n. 這兩個詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，容易弄混。campaign意為“（競選）運動，戰(zhàn)役”；champion意為“冠軍”。例：The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa. 德國人在北非戰(zhàn)役中打了敗仗。The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy. 該黨建議發(fā)起新的一輪運動

49、來提高生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟。The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him. 拳擊冠軍向所有其他拳擊手發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。（41）canal n. /channel n. /tunnel n. canal意為“運河等人工開鑿的河流”；channel的意思是“海峽，渠道”，頻道；tunnel的意思是“隧道，地道”。例：The big canal was completed in five years. 修建這條大運河花了5年時間。The English Channel separates France from England.

50、英吉利海峽將英法兩國隔開。You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help. 如果你想得到政府的幫助，你就必須通過官方渠道。The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel. 鐵路經(jīng)隧道從大山下面通過。（42）candidate n. /applicant n. /competitor n. /representative n. candidate意為“候選人，應征者”；applicant意為“申請人”；competitor意

51、為“競賽對手”；representative意為“代表”。例：This time our candidate got 260 votes. 這一次我們的候選人獲得了260張選票。There were three applicants for the job. 這項工作有3個人申請。Tell the competitors for the next race to come here. 告訴下一項比賽的參賽者到這里來。James is our representative at the meeting. 詹姆斯在會上是代表我們的。（43）cargo n. /commodity n. /goods

52、 n. cargo一般指“船或飛機運載的貨物”；commodity意為“商品”；goods用來泛指“商品，貨物等”。例：These planes can carry a cargo of six tons. 這些飛機能運載6噸貨物。Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad. 葡萄酒是法國向海外銷售的許多商品之一。The goods were brought round early this morning.今天一大早，這些貨物就被帶來。Consumer goods production was to go up b

53、y 7 percent. 消費品生產(chǎn)計劃增長7%。（44）case n. /condition n. /situation n. /occasion n. case常指事物的特定情況，事情真相和始末，如“病例”、“案件”等；condition指某時某處事情發(fā)展、存在的狀況、狀態(tài)或條件，一個人的“感覺如何”；situation往往指一組情況或一些情況的綜合，常譯為“情況”、“形勢”；occasion指特定的“時機”、“場合”、“良機”。例：All the people involved in this case must be present.所有與這起案件有關的人都必須到場。Condition

54、s in the office made concentration impossible.辦公室的狀況根本不可能使人專心。The current international situation is not optimistic.目前的國際形勢不容樂觀。It is not very suitable to sing such a song on this formal occasion.在這種場合唱這樣一首歌是不太合適的。（45）chance n. /opportunity n. /advantage n. /fortune n. chance著重指偶然或意外的可能，有時也指“好機會”，這時

55、可用“opportunity”替代；opportunity著重指“好機會”，帶有“適逢其時、正好便于行事”之意；advantage指有利的條件或優(yōu)勢；fortune指人“交好運氣”，有一定迷信的色彩。例：There is a chance that I will see him these days.這幾天我有可能見到他。The 2008 Olympic Games will bring us many opportunities and challenges.2008年奧運會將給我們帶來許多機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。It is to your advantage to invest wisely.明智地投

56、資對你很有利。It is also believed that fireworks will bring good fortune in the coming year.據(jù)說放鞭炮還能為人們在新的一年里帶來好運氣。（46）contest n. /match n. /game n. /play n. /competition n. contest指“人與人之間進行爭奪以取得優(yōu)勝”之意；match指對手之間進行的比賽、競賽等力量或智慧較量，通常指具體的比賽；game指決勝負的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則；美國稱比賽為game，英國稱比賽為match；play最一般用語，指通過游戲或運動達到娛樂目的文體活動

57、；competition指對手之間以某種手段或智慧、力量等壓倒對方而取勝。例：She got the first prize in a recent beauty contest. 她在最近的選美比賽中奪冠。A critical football match is being transmitted on CCTV 5.中央五套正在轉(zhuǎn)播一場關鍵的足球比賽。The team is preparing for taking part in the coming winter games.這支隊伍正在為即將舉行的冬運會做準備。The school uses some methods which combine language lessens with the play.這所學校采用了某些方法，將語言課與