英語六級翻譯

1、叮叮小文庫新題型六級翻譯練習(xí)(1)四合院(Siheyuan)是中國傳統(tǒng)民居中最重要的形式。它數(shù)量多、分布廣，并且在漢族、滿族、白族以及其 他少數(shù)民族中十分流行。大多數(shù)房屋采用木質(zhì)框架。主屋建在南北走向的軸線上，兩個(gè)廂房則位于四合院 的兩側(cè)。家庭中的長者住在主屋里，而兩翼則是年輕一代的臥室。婦女住在內(nèi)院?？腿撕湍衅妥≡谕庠骸＿@種分不符合封建禮制(feudal regulations )。四合院遍布全國的城鄉(xiāng)，但由于各地自然條件和生活方式各有 不同，因此發(fā)展出各自的特征。北京的四合院式最具代表性的。Siheyua n is the most importa nt form of Chin ese

2、traditi onal reside ntial house. It is great in nu mber and wide in distri buti on, popular among the Han, Man chu, Bai, and some of other min ority groups. Most of the houses are of wood f ramework. The prin cipal room is built on the south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides o

3、f it. The family elders live in the prin cipal room and wings are the bedrooms for the youn ger gen erati ons. Wome n live i n the inner yard. Guests and male serva nts live in the outer yard. This distributi on is in accorda nee with the feudal r egulati ons. Siheyua n spreads over tow ns and villa

4、ges throughout China, but each developed its own characteristics as a result of respective n atural con diti ons and differe nt way of life. Siheyua n in Beiji ng is the most represe ntative.風(fēng)水(Feng shui)是中國建筑中的一個(gè)特殊傳統(tǒng)，是古人對空間的布置與安排方法，其目的是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)建 筑與環(huán)境的和諧共存。風(fēng)水的字面意思就是“風(fēng)和水”。在古代，風(fēng)水通常將從選址、設(shè)計(jì)、建筑直到內(nèi)部和外部裝修的整個(gè)過程

5、聯(lián)系在一起。它將天、地、人三者融為一體，并且在所選的地址、方位、自然法則 以及人類命運(yùn)之間尋求和諧。它反對人對自然的破壞，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)人與環(huán)境的共處，這種狀態(tài)被認(rèn)為是完美 的、神秘的。Feng shui, a special Chin ese traditi on in architecture, is the an cie nt Chin ese practice of placeme nt and arran geme nt of space to achieve coexistenee in harmony with the environment. Feng shui literally

6、translates as “ win-water Fe ng shui usually links the whole process from site select ion, desig ning, con struct ion and in terior and exterior decorat ion in ancient times. It comb ines the trinity of the Heave n, the Earth and huma ns, and seeks harm ony betwee n selec ted site, orie ntati on, n

7、atural doctri ne and huma n fate. It repulses huma n destruct ion of n ature and stresses cohabitati on with the en viro nment, which is regarded as perfect and occult.舞龍(Dragon dance)是中國文化中一種傳統(tǒng)的舞蹈與表演形式。它起源于漢朝并且有信仰并尊敬龍的中國人所開創(chuàng)。人們認(rèn)為舞龍一開始是農(nóng)耕文化的組成部分，起初也是治病和防病的一種方法。舞龍?jiān)谒纬?Song Dyn asty)就已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)流行的活動。舞龍是中國文

8、化和傳統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，已經(jīng)傳遍了中國乃至全世界，而且已經(jīng)成為中國體育活動中的一種特殊的藝術(shù)表演。它象征著在來年為世界上所有人帶來好 運(yùn)和興旺。Drago n dance is a form of traditi onal dance and performa nee in Chin ese culture. It origi nated duri ng the Han Dynas ty and was started by the Chin ese who had show n great belief and respect towards the drago n. It is belie

9、ved to have begu n as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origi ns as a method of heali ng and preve nti ng sick ness.The drag on dance was already a popular eve nt duri ng the Song Dyn asty. Drago n dance is an importa nt part of the C hin ese culture and traditi on .It has spread th

10、roughout China and to the whole world and become a special performa n ce of arts in the Chin ese physical activities. It symbolizes good luck and prosperity in the year to come for all the h uma n beings for the earth.中國結(jié)(The Chinese Knot)是一種古老的藝術(shù)形式。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，繩結(jié)可以追溯到10萬年前。中國人不僅用繩結(jié)來固定、包裹、狩獵、捕魚，還用來記錄事件，而且有

11、些繩結(jié)純粹起裝飾作用。中國結(jié)具有文化內(nèi)涵(cultural connotation )。由于結(jié)在漢語中的發(fā)音與吉”相近，吉的意思為福、祿、壽、喜、財(cái)、安、康”，這是中國人永恒的追求，因此有些中國結(jié)表達(dá)出人們的各種愿望。例如：新婚夫婦的房間通常用一個(gè)盤長 結(jié)(Pan-chang Knot)來裝飾，象征著永恒的愛情。The Chin ese Knot is an ancient art form and the artifacts could be found as far back as 100 000 years ago. Chin ese people used knots for more

12、 tha n just faste ning, wrapp ing, hun ti ng, fish ing. Knots were also used to record even ts, a nd some knots had purely orn ame ntal functions. The Chin ese Knot has cultural conno tati ons. Since knot is pronoun ced as “ jie inChi nese similar with that of “ Ji which means bless ing, good salary

13、, Ion gevity, happ in ess, fortune, s afety and health and is the everlasting pursuit of Chinese people, some Chinese Knots express people arious hop es. For example, the room of n ewlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-Cha ng Knot to symbolize eter nal love.現(xiàn)代中國人的姓名通常由姓(家庭姓氏)和名(個(gè)人所起的名字)組成，并且姓在前，名

14、在后。因此，王 小平被稱為王先生，個(gè)人的名字為小平。大事，在中國古代，起名非常復(fù)雜。一個(gè)人通常有好幾個(gè)名字， 包括姓、氏、名、字，每一個(gè)都表達(dá)不同的意思。姓和氏演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的姓，名和字則演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的名。現(xiàn) 在人們通常用姓氏來指一個(gè)人的姓，用名字來指一個(gè)人所起的名。對中國古代文獻(xiàn)的研究表明，“姓”最初指不同的母系部落(matriarchal tribes )的名字，和人們居住地也有某些關(guān)系。研究表明，“姓”出現(xiàn)于母系社會時(shí)期，大約四千至五千年之前。A modern Chinese usually has a surname( “ familyame”)r xing and a given name

15、 ( “ firstame), or ming (or min gzi), always in thar order. Thus Wang Xiaop ing is Mr. Wang with pers onal n ame Xiaop ing. In an cie nt Chi na, howe ver, naming was very complicated and one pers on usually had several n ames, and naming in volved xing, shi, ming and zi. Each of these four words mea

16、nt a different thing. Xing and shi together formed today surname, and ming a nd zi today given name. today, people use xingshi to refer to a person surname, mingzi to refer to one given na me. study of ancient Chin ese docume nts shows that xi ng origi nally referred to the n ames of differe nt matr

17、iarchal tri bes. It also had somethi ng to do with the place where people lived. Researches show that xing came into being duri ng the matrili neal society period, around four to five thousa nd years ago.乒乓球室意向強(qiáng)調(diào)耐力和反應(yīng)能力(reflexes)的運(yùn)動，盡管乒乓球本身比較小，運(yùn)動強(qiáng)度不大。不論男女老少都可以同臺公平競爭。由于是室內(nèi)運(yùn)動，所以可以常年舉行比賽或進(jìn)行練習(xí)。自此乒乓球運(yùn)動誕生

18、以 來，它已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了巨大的演變。比賽規(guī)則經(jīng)過了很多次的修改，并且隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和打球方式的改變， 運(yùn)動器材也發(fā)生了變化。這些改良(refin eme nt )只是證明了乒乓球運(yùn)動已經(jīng)發(fā)展為意向非常完美的運(yùn)動，可以與我們所崇尚的(with revere nce )的任何一種經(jīng)典運(yùn)動相媲美。Despite its small size and moderate inten sity, pin g-p ong is a sport that emphasizes en dura nce and reflexes. People o f all ages and gen ders can play i

19、t on an equal ground. The sport is played in doors, so year-ro und competiti on and pr actice are possible. Pin g-p ong has un derg one eno rmous evoluti on since it came into being, which has experie need many revisi ons of rules and see n an improveme nt of equipme nt as tech no logy and play ing

20、styles cha nged. Such refi n eme nt only serves as evide nce that pin g-p ong is in deed a full-fledged sport, comparable to any of the other classic s we behold with revere nce.儒家思想是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的基石。它出現(xiàn)在大約2500年前的春秋時(shí)期(the Spring and Autumn Period )，是建立在夏、商、周的傳統(tǒng)文化之上，并由孔子創(chuàng)立的完整觀念體系(ideological system )。儒家思想博大

21、精深，涵蓋了人性、政治、法律、教育、哲學(xué)、道德各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。如家文化以人本哲學(xué)(humanistic philosophy )為依托，這表現(xiàn)在它對人類個(gè)體的尊敬、關(guān)注和熱愛?？偠灾寮椅幕鞘澜缥幕z產(chǎn)的重要組成部 分，是東方文化的代表，惡意是中國文化傳統(tǒng)的中流砥柱。Con fucia nism is the corn erst one of traditi onal Chin ese culture. Foun ded about 2 500 years ago in the Spring and Au tumn Period, Con fucia nism is a complete id

22、eological system created by Con fucius, based on the traditi onal culture of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dyn asty. It is exte nsive and profo und, coveri ng the fields of huma ni ty, politics, law, ed ucati on, philosophy and ethics. Con fucia n culture rests on huma ni stic philosophy, which is show n

23、in its respect, att en ti on to and love of huma n in dividuals. In belief, Con fucia n culture is an importa nt comp onent of world cultural h eritage, a major represe ntative of orie ntal culture, and the dominant facet of Chin ese cultural traditi on.京劇被稱為中國的國粹(national opera)，起源于18世紀(jì)晚期，是將音樂、舞蹈、藝

24、術(shù)和雜技( acrobatics) 綜合于一體的戲曲。在中國，京劇是所以戲曲中最有影響力和代表性的戲曲。中國的京劇有著200多年的歷史，是中國的民族瑰寶。京劇有著豐富的劇目(repertoire)、眾多的表演藝術(shù)家和大批的觀眾，在中國有著其他戲曲無法匹及的深遠(yuǎn)影響。京劇劇目主要講述前朝傳說故事，其中包括古代重要的歷史事件以及王 侯將相、才子佳人的故事，講述從堯、舜、禹，春秋戰(zhàn)國群雄并起的歷史時(shí)期到秦、漢、隋、唐、宋、元、 明、清等多朝代的故事。Known as China national opera, Beijing Opera, which originated in the late 1

25、8th century, is a synthesis of music, dance, art and acrobatics. It is the most in flue ntial and represe ntative of all operas in China. Beiji ng Opera is a n atio nal treasure with a history of more tha n 200 years. Owi ng to its rich ness of repertoire, great nu mber of artists of per forma nee a

26、nd of audie nces, Beiji ng Opera has profo und in flue nee, which no other opera in China can rival. The rep ertoire of Beiji ng Opera is mai nly en gaged in fairy tales of precedi ng dyn asties, importa nt historical even ts, empero rs, mini sters and gen erals, geni uses and great beauties, from Y

27、ao, Shun, Yu, the Spring and Autu mn Period, the War ring States Period to the dyn asties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing.不可否認(rèn)，幾乎沒有哪項(xiàng)科技發(fā)明對我們的生活產(chǎn)生的影響比得上電視機(jī)的發(fā)明和改進(jìn)給我們帶來的好處。它是一種電子視聽(audiovisual)媒體，是大量信息的重要來源，讓我們不出家門就可以看到各種各樣關(guān)于比賽、音樂會以及發(fā)生在世界各地的時(shí)間的現(xiàn)場報(bào)道；人們還可以看到大量花樣百出的特別節(jié)目。例如：世界風(fēng)景、風(fēng)俗和文化、神奇海底(

28、seafloor)和龐大的宇宙的壯觀景象等。所有的這一切都在最大程度上 豐富了我們生活和知識。Admittedly, there is rarely any other tech no logical inven ti on havi ng such a great impact on our life as the inven tio n and revoluti on of televisi on .It is a kind of electric audiovisual media and a source of abundant in formati on, which gives p

29、eople easy access to various live reports about games, con certs, and affairs occurri ng all over the world, as well as a vast variety of special programs, such as programs about worldwide seen ery, custom and culture, the spect acular sight i n mysterious seafloor and colossal cosmos, etc. All of t

30、hem en rich our life and broade n our kno wledge to sig ni fica nt degree.清華大學(xué)被視為中國最著名和選拔人才最嚴(yán)格的大學(xué)之一。清華大學(xué)的校園位于北京西北部的海淀區(qū)，這 是專為大學(xué)指定的區(qū)域。它坐落在清代皇家花園的舊址上，保留了一些中式的園林風(fēng)格以及一些傳統(tǒng)的建 筑物，但它的許多建筑物都是西式風(fēng)格的，反映了美國對它的影響。它擁有中國最美麗校園之一，擁有中 國最好的工程和應(yīng)用科學(xué)(applied scie nee)課程，吸引了全國最有才華的學(xué)生，其地位和美國伯克利大學(xué)(Berkeley )、麻省理工學(xué)院以及斯坦福大學(xué)相當(dāng)。T

31、sin ghua Uni versity is regarded as one of the most renowned and most selective uni versities in China, the campus of Tsin ghua Uni versity is situated in no rthwest Beijing, in Haidia n District which is desig nated for uni versities. It is located on the former site of Qing Dyn asty royal garde ns

32、 and reta ins some Chi nese-style Ian dscapes as well as som e traditi onal buildi ngs, but many of its buildi ngs are Wester n-style reflect ing the America n in flue nee on its history.With one of the most beautiful campuses and the best engin eeri ng and applied scie nee programs in Chin a, it at

33、tracts the most tale nted stude nts of the n atio n and occupies a positi on similar to Berkeley, MIT, and Sta nford Uni versity i n the US.中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘?2%。在過去相當(dāng)長的時(shí)期里，由于諸多原因，貧 困一直困擾著中國。20世紀(jì)80年代中期，中國農(nóng)村絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)憑借自身的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢，經(jīng)濟(jì)得到快速增 長，但少數(shù)地區(qū)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、歷史、自然等方面的制約，發(fā)展相對滯后。中國政府在致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社 會全面發(fā) 展的進(jìn)程中，在全國范圍

34、內(nèi)實(shí)施了以解決貧困人口溫飽問題為主要目標(biāo)的有計(jì)劃、有組織的大規(guī) 模扶貧開發(fā)，極大地緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象。China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world s total. For a long period of its history, China has bee n plagued by poverty for various reas ons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an

35、overwhel ming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own adva nta ges, but a small nu mber of areas still lagged beh ind because of the con stra ints of their econo mic, social, historical, a nd n atural con diti ons. The Chin ese gover nment, while work ing on all

36、-r ound econo mic and social developme nt, has n ati on wide impleme nted a large-scale program for developme nt-orie nted poverty relief in a pla nned and orga ni zed way. With the main objective of helpi ng poverty-stricke n people solve the food and clothi ng problems, this progra m has gone a lo

37、ng way toward alleviati ng poverty.北京有無數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅 是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被 新的高樓大廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來。In Beijing, there are nu merous hut on gs. The life of com mon people in hut ongs brings en dles

38、s charm to the ancient capital, Beiji ng. The hut ong in Beiji ng is not only the liv ing environment of com mon people but also a kind of arch itecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex in side hut ong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 peo ple. Therefore, life in hut ongs is f

39、ull of frien dli ness and genuine huma nity. Nowadays, with rapid social and econo mic developme nt, many hut ongs are replaced by new tall buildi ngs. I hope hut ongs can be preserved.2012年6月孫子兵法(The Art of War)是中國古代最重要的一部軍事著作之一，是我國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組 成部分。孫子(Sun Tzu)，即該書的作者，在書中揭示的一系列具有普遍意義的軍事規(guī)律，不僅受到軍事家 門的推崇

40、，還在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)、人生追求甚至家庭關(guān)系等諸多方面，具有廣泛的指導(dǎo)作用。孫子兵法中的許多名言警句(epigram)，富有哲理，意義深遠(yuǎn)，在國內(nèi)外廣為流傳。如今，孫子兵法已被翻譯成多種語言，在世界軍事史上也具有重要的地位。The Art of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works, and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China. Sun Tzu, the author of th

41、e book, revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an exte nsive guidi ng role in several fields suchas economy, art of leadership, the pursuit of life and even family relati on ship. There are a lot of famous say ing and epigrams in The Art o

42、f War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad. Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many Ianguages and it also plays an importa nt role in the military history of the world.2012年12月京劇京劇(Peking Opera)已有200多年的歷史，是中國的國劇。與其他地方

43、戲相比，京劇享有更高的榮譽(yù)，但其實(shí)京劇融合了多種地方戲的元素。京劇演員的臉譜( facial make-up)和戲服都很精美，相比之下舞臺 布景則十分簡單。表演者主要應(yīng)用四種技能：唱、念、做、打。京劇較擅長于表現(xiàn)歷史題材的政治、軍事 斗爭，故事大多取自于歷史演義和小說話本( historic and fictional stories )。在古代，京劇大多是在戶外演出 的，因此演員們形成了一種有穿透力的唱腔，以便每個(gè)人都能聽到。Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years.

44、Compared with other Chin ese local operas,Pek ing Opera enjoys a higher reputati on; but actually it absorbed many eleme nts of other local operas. The facial make-up and costumers of the performs are very delicate; by con trast, the backdrops are quiet plain. During performanee, the performers main

45、ly utilize four skills: song, speech, dance, and combat. Peking Opera is better at perform ing political and military struggle with historic and the performed stories are mai nly from historic and fictional stories. In ancient times, Peking Opera, was mostly performed in the open air, so the perform

46、ers developed a pierci ng style of song that could be heard by every one.2013年6月中國衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督部門決定在未來三到五年之內(nèi)建立一個(gè)全國性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，用以監(jiān)測空氣污染對人類健康的影響。這一目標(biāo)于國家衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(Natio nal Health and Family Pla nning Commissi on ) 針對空氣污染的一份工作文件中披露，根據(jù)這份文件，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)將搜集不同地區(qū)空氣中的PM2.5數(shù)據(jù)和主要空氣污染物濃度變化的數(shù)據(jù)。這將為分析和評估空氣污染對健康的影響提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。這一文件提到，缺乏長期而系 統(tǒng)的監(jiān)

47、測使國家無法揭示空氣污染和人類健康之間的聯(lián)系。China health watchdog has decided to set up a national network to monitor the impact air pollution on huma ns health within the coming three to five years. The goal was revealed in a work docume nt on air polluti on released by Nati onal Health and Family Pla nning Commissio n

48、. Accord ing to the docume nt, the n etwork will gather data on PM2.5 in the air in differe nt regi ons and the den sity cha nges of main air polluta nts. That will provide data support for the an alysis and evaluati on of the impact of air polluti on on health. The docume nt no ted that lack of Ion

49、g-term and systematic monitoring prevented the country from uncovering the link between air pollution and huma n health.2013年12月第一套中國人自古以來就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收。這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似。過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗 于唐代早期在中國各地開始流行。中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人門拜月的節(jié)日。這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們 合家團(tuán)聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)貝類為中國文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定位公共假日。月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不可或缺的美食。人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈親友或在家庭聚

50、會上享用。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽(Ion gevity )”、“福”或“和”等字樣。Si nee ancient times, Chin ese people have celebrated their harvest duri ng mid-autu mn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrati ng Than ksgivi ng Day in North America. The custom of celebrati ng Mid-Autu mn Festival started gai ning its popularity

51、in the early Tang Dyn asty around Chi na. The Mid-Autu mn Festival ,celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar mon th, is a festival for Chin ese people to worship the moon. During the ni ght of the day whe n the bright moon is shining in the sky, there will be family reunions and family members

52、 will enjoy the bight moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed as a Chinese cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was desig nated as a public holiday. The moon cake is see n as the in dispe nsable fine food for the Mid-Autu mn Festival. People send moon cakes as gifts to their relativ

53、es and friends or they eat moon cakes at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters conveying such meanings as lbngevity ”, blessing or harmony .2013年12月第三套聞名于世界的絲綢之路是一系列連接?xùn)|西方的路線。絲綢之路延伸6000多公里，得名于中國古代的絲綢貿(mào)易。絲綢之路上的貿(mào)易在中國、南亞、歐洲和中東文明發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。正式通過絲綢之路， 中國的造紙、火藥、指南針、

54、印刷術(shù)這四大發(fā)明才被引介到世界各地。同樣，中國的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器(porcelain)也傳遍全球。物質(zhì)文化的交流是雙向的，歐洲也通過絲綢之路出口各種商品和植物，滿足中國市場的需求。The word-famous Silk Road refers to a series of routes that connect the East and the West. The Silk Road exte nds for over 6,000 kilometers and derived its n ame from ancient China silk trade. The trades that o

55、ccurred on the Silk Road played an importa nt role in the developme nt process of the civilizati on of Chi na, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It is by way of the Silk Road that China four great i nven ti ons, n amely paper-mak ing, powder, compass and prin ti ng tech no logy, were in troduc

56、ed to all over the word. Similarly, Chin ese silk, tea and porcelain also spread to the whole word. Material and cultural excha nges are two-ways, for Europe also satisfied the dema nds of Chin ese market by export ing various commodities and pla nts to China through the Silk Road.2013年12月第二套中國園林(th

57、e Chinese garden)是經(jīng)過三千多年演變而成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀(landscape)。它既包括為皇室成員享樂而建造的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造 的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達(dá)人與自然之間應(yīng)有的和諧關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國園林四 周有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山(rock-work )、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由蜿蜒的小路和走廊連接的建筑。漫 步在花園中，人們可以看到一系列精心設(shè)計(jì)的景觀猶如山水畫卷(scroll) 一般展現(xiàn)在面前。The Chin ese garde n is a unique Ian dscape in virtue

58、of evoluti on of more tha n three thousa nd years. It in cludes not only the large garde ns built by the royal family for enjoyme nt, but also the private ones built by scholars, bus in essme n and former gover nment officials for getti ng rid of the hustle and bustle of the outside world. These gar

59、de ns con stitute a kind of min iaturized Ian dscape which aims at display ing the due harm onious relati on ship betwee n huma n and n ature. Typical Chin ese garde ns are surroun ded by walls. In the garde ns there are ponds, rock-works, trees, flowers and pla nts, and various architectures that are conn ected by winding paths or corridors. When rambli ng in