高中英語現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)vs過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式（am, is, are）+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1) 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者現(xiàn)在階段正在進(jìn)行的行為。能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)作一般都是表示延續(xù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：What are you doing?I am writing a letter.注意：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的這種用法和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別。A） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)往往重在說明事實(shí)，而進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)，動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。如：He lives/is living in Beijing.It rained/was raining hard last night.B)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

2、行時(shí)都可以表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。但進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間沒有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)那種持久性。也就是說，持續(xù)很長時(shí)間的，或者永久性動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)。短時(shí)間的、暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：We start work at 8:00, but for this week, we are only starting at 8:30.試比較：Where does Henry work?亨利在哪兒工作？（固定的工作）與Where is Henry working?亨利現(xiàn)在在哪兒干活？（臨時(shí)性工作）2） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常和always,constantly,forever,continually等頻度副詞連用，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的

3、動(dòng)作的某種感情色彩。如：She is forever complaining that it is too hot.She is always ringing me up.她老是給我打電話。She is always borrowing money from me and forgetting to pay me back.她老是向我借錢但總時(shí)忘還。（抱怨的口吻）I am always meeting Tom in that park.我總是在那個(gè)公園碰到湯姆。（覺得奇怪）試比較：He is always doing his homework.他總是在做作業(yè)。（沒完沒了）He always d

4、oes his homework.他總是做作業(yè)。（按時(shí)完成作業(yè)）注意：這種用法也可能不帶感情色彩。可根據(jù)上下文判斷。如：Happy and healthy children are always playing.這句話只是強(qiáng)調(diào)了玩耍動(dòng)作的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。3） 表示按計(jì)劃安排在近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的用法，通常和表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞大多為表示位移變化的動(dòng)詞：come, go, leave, start, arrive, return, stay.以及work, play, do, have, wear, give等。如：Mary is leaving China

5、3 days later(時(shí)間狀語).We are having a party next week.They are arriving tonight, and are staying here for two weeks(用arrive 和 stay 的進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。).4） 用在時(shí)間，條件等從句中，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：I will telephone you while/when I am waiting for the train.我等火車時(shí)會(huì)給你打電話。If you are doing your housework, i will come to help you

6、.5）表示委婉語氣。這種用法和一般過去時(shí)基本一樣。但更加委婉，禮貌。如：I wonder/wondered/ am wondering/was wondering if you could give me a help.其中，i was wondering 語氣最委婉。6）表示過去剛剛發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I dont know what you are talking about.我不明白你在說些什么。You dont believe it? You know im telling the truth.你知道我講的都是實(shí)話。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)形式（was, were）+

7、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1） 表示過去某一時(shí)刻，或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。What were you doing yesterday at 7:00 p.m.?(過去某一時(shí)刻)From 1983 to 1988, he was teaching English at Yale(耶魯大學(xué))。（過去某一階段）2） 表示過去的習(xí)慣性，經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。但是這種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作具有過去某一階段的暫時(shí)性。如：In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 eve

8、ry day.3）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常和always,constantly,forever,continually等頻度副詞連用，表示說話人對(duì)某種行為的厭煩等不滿情緒。He was always playing tricks on me.他老是捉弄我！4） 表示過去將來時(shí)間里按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。即表示過去將來。如：They were leaving a few days later.5）用在時(shí)間，條件等從句中，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.I will let you know when M

9、ary is arriving.6)表示委婉語氣。這種用法和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本一樣。表示委婉，禮貌的程度最深。I hope/hoped/am hoping/was hoping that you could lend me some money.其中, i was hoping 的委婉程度第一。7） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用于虛擬語氣，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼闹饔^臆想，與事實(shí)相反的情況。如：She wishes that she were coming with us tomorrow.（對(duì)將來的虛擬）她希望明天和我們一起來。I wish that they were not talking so loudly.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)注意：當(dāng)一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中，通常是表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，而表示較長時(shí)間的動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：I broke a glass while