Unit_1Great_scientists詞匯講解

1、1Senior English Book V 必修必修5Unit 1Great scientists 2 characteristic 某人或某物天生有別于他人或他物的內(nèi)部特質(zhì)或外表特征、特性 eg: a. A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time. character: 性格 I am not familiar with his character.radium eg: Marie Curie is famous for her discovery of radium.radioactive 放射

2、性Radioactive is a special quality of radium.共 99 頁(yè)4 put forward1. to suggest, come up with an idea 提出 = raise eg: A new plan was put forward by Professor Wang at the meeting.2. to put before 提前1. 收拾起來(lái)；儲(chǔ)存收拾起來(lái)；儲(chǔ)存 put away2. 放回放回，撥回?fù)芑?put back3. 寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓；放下寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓；放下 put down4. 提出；頒布提出；頒布 put forward5. 延期延期

3、，推遲推遲 put off6. 穿穿、戴上；戴上；(速度速度、體重體重)增加；上演增加；上演 put on 7. 撲滅撲滅，熄滅熄滅 put out 8. 舉起；建造；張貼舉起；建造；張貼 put upputscientific eg: a. Einstein was a great scientific genius.b. Scientific theories must be based on facts.Science Scientist analyse/analyze v. 分析分析eg: a. The detective analysed the details of the rob

4、bery.b. Analyze the sentence for me and tell the part of speech.analysis n. 單數(shù)單數(shù) analyses n. 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)analytical adj. 分析的，解析的分析的，解析的 infect 傳染，感染傳染，感染eg: a. He was infected with cholera.b. His laughter infects everyone who is in the room.infectious infection defeat sb. defeated, defeated beat sb. beat, b

5、eaten win sth.won, won打敗，戰(zhàn)勝打敗，戰(zhàn)勝expert adj. /n. at/in/on+ sth./doing sth. eg: a. Who is considered an expert in computer science in your family?b. She is an expert at solving family problems.c. What are you expert at/in/on?. attend vt./ vi. attend a meeting/a lecture/school/a wedding 參加參加attend sb.

6、/sth. 料理，照顧料理，照顧attendance n. 出席，到場(chǎng)，參加出席，到場(chǎng)，參加 physician eg: A physician is a doctor who is specialized in general medicine and not surgery. physics physical physicist expose vt. 暴露，暴露，1) expose sth/sb/oneself to2) be exposed to exposed deadly adj. dangerous; likely to cause death: 致命的 eg: a deadly

7、weapon cure n. /vt. 1) a cure for. 2) cure sb. of sth. 治愈治愈 curable 可治愈的可治愈的incurable 不可治愈的不可治愈的cure/treat/heal(1)treat指通過(guò)藥物指通過(guò)藥物、特別的食品或運(yùn)動(dòng)治病，強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過(guò)程，、特別的食品或運(yùn)動(dòng)治病，強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過(guò)程，treat sb. for sth.醫(yī)治某人醫(yī)治某人病；病；還可作還可作“對(duì)待對(duì)待，看待看待”講講，treat.as把把看作看作/視為視為。(2)cure意為意為“治愈治愈，痊愈痊愈”，可接表示疾病的名詞或代詞可接表示疾病的名詞或代詞，也可接也可接sb. of再加表

8、示疾病的名詞再加表示疾病的名詞。另外另外，還可作還可作“矯正矯正，糾糾正正”解解，借喻指消除社會(huì)上某種不良現(xiàn)象或個(gè)人惡習(xí)等借喻指消除社會(huì)上某種不良現(xiàn)象或個(gè)人惡習(xí)等。(3)heal意為意為“治愈治愈;愈合愈合”，用指身心創(chuàng)傷都可以，多用于治，用指身心創(chuàng)傷都可以，多用于治愈外傷愈外傷，如：如：wound, cut, injury, burn等等。outbreak - break out 爆發(fā)，發(fā)作爆發(fā)，發(fā)作eg: a. Very soon after the outbreak of the war he was arrested.b. China was struck by an outbreak

9、 of SARS in 2003.challengeeg:a. He challenged my statement.b. He responded to the challenge in a calm way.c. Id like something challenging.Victim 受害者受害者eg: A victim is a person who suffers from a disaster. absorb vt. a. What can we use to absorb the spilled ink?b. absorbin/by. I was absorbed in a bo

10、ok and didnt hear your call.c. absorbinto The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.suspect vt. n. 懷疑懷疑1) suspect sth. 2) suspect that3) suspect sb. of(doing) sth.4) suspect sb. to besuspected suspicionenquiry n. 詢問(wèn)詢問(wèn)enquire v. make enquiries of sb. about

11、 sth.eg:a. I must enquire further into the matter.severe 嚴(yán)重的，劇烈的，嚴(yán)厲的嚴(yán)重的，劇烈的，嚴(yán)厲的foresee (foresaw, foreseen)eg: She can what will happen in the future.investigate v. =survey 調(diào)查調(diào)查investigation n. =researchblame nvt. (不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))為某事責(zé)備某人：為某事責(zé)備某人：把某事歸咎于某人：把某事歸咎于某人：應(yīng)應(yīng)(為為)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該(為為) 受責(zé)備：受責(zé)備： pollu

12、teeg:a. I feel it our duty not to pollute our environment.b. Our store never sells books that pollute the mind. pollution handle= deal /do with link(link to , connect to/with, join to)eg: What are linking verbs?announce 宣布；宣告(含有“預(yù)告”的意思)，尤其是大家所關(guān)心的或有新聞價(jià)值的事情的宣布announce 廣播通知declare宣布(如公開(kāi)聲明戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、和平、中立、意見(jiàn)等)，

13、用于正式場(chǎng)合。announcer announcement certainty1) with certainty我不能確切說(shuō)出公司的前景。我不能確切說(shuō)出公司的前景。 2) without certainty “可以讓我試一下嗎？可以讓我試一下嗎？”她不確定地說(shuō)。她不確定地說(shuō)。3) There is no certainty of . instruct(direct, indicate; teach, coach)eg:a. I instructed him to come to work early.b. She instructed her students to work on pronu

14、nciation.instruction instructorresponsiblea. The captain is responsible for the safety of the people.b. The teacher is responsible for the achievements of the _.respond responseresponsibilityconstructvconstruct較正式用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)一定較正式用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)一定計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的規(guī)模較大，結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，要計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的規(guī)模較大，結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，要求較高技術(shù)的建造。求較高技術(shù)的建造。contribute vt.

15、&vi. 捐獻(xiàn)，捐助，貢獻(xiàn)捐獻(xiàn)，捐助，貢獻(xiàn)1) contribute to sth. 有助于有助于2) make a contribution to. contribution contributor apart from (besides; except; except for)a. _ the cost, it will take a lot of time.b. I have nothing _ the clothes I am wearing.positiveeg: One of the most important habits in life is to feed your

16、 mind with positive mental food. negative 消極的消極的 movementeg: a. He lay there without movement.make sense 講得通，有意義講得通，有意義 eg: This sentence doesnt make sense.1) make sense of sth. 2) make no sense 沒(méi)有意義，講不通沒(méi)有意義，講不通3) There is no sense in doing sth. 做做 是沒(méi)有意義的是沒(méi)有意義的共 99 頁(yè)40a sense of humor/safety 幽默感幽默感/

17、安全感安全感common sense 共同意識(shí)共同意識(shí) backwardeg: a. She looked backward over her shoulder. b. He is backward in giving people his views.c. China is no longer a backward country. 落后的privately adv. eg:a. a Private Conversationb. He works in a privately owned enterprise. private personal adj. 私人的私人的public, gene

18、ral 公開(kāi)的公開(kāi)的spin (spun, spun; spinning) （使）旋轉(zhuǎn)（使）旋轉(zhuǎn)a. Joe spun a coin on the table. brightness n. 明亮，聰穎明亮，聰穎 bright adj. 明亮的明亮的a. Stars vary in brightness.b. The little kids brightness surprised all people present.c. There is a bright moon in the sky.enthusiastic She is clever and enthusiastic.enthusiasmcautious The boss is cautious about making promises.(1)My cousin tried to join the army but _.(2)After the transplant his body