名詞性從句用法歸納

1、名詞性從句：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任:主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。名詞性從句分為：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 1、從屬連詞（5個(gè)）：（1）that無詞義，在從句中不做成分，在賓語從句或表語從句中that有時(shí)可以省略 （2）whether，if 有詞義，在從句中不做成分（whether，if均表示“是否”之意，表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）不可以省略 （3）as if, as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”之意）在從句中不做成分 2、連

2、接代詞（9個(gè)）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever，有詞義，在從句中做成分，不可以省略（who what which 在從句中做主語、賓語、其中what 指代沒有范圍的事物，which指代有范圍的事物，表“選擇哪一個(gè)”whom做賓語whose 做定語）3、連接副詞（7個(gè)）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有詞義，在從句中做狀語，不可以省略 4、that省略的情況： （1）定語從句中做賓語（2）that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)（3）th

3、at引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)（4）主語從句中it做形式主語，that從句置于句末時(shí)5、that不可省略的情況：（1）定語從句中做主語（2）由that引導(dǎo)主語從句放句首時(shí)（3）that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)（4）賓語從句中i it做形式賓語，真正的that賓語從句中that不可以省略 ii 一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)句子中的that不可以省略 iii 與動(dòng)詞相隔的賓語從句，不可以省略 iv that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放在句首時(shí)，不可以省略二. 主語從句1、主語從句：作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由下列詞引導(dǎo)： 1）從屬連詞that，whether 等； 2）連接代詞what

4、，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom 等； 3) 連接副詞how，when，where，why 等。 2、that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意義。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer. Wher

5、e the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 注意：有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句：It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honour that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) It is a pity that 遺憾 （2）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+ that從句: It is

6、 said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已經(jīng)證明 It is believed that 人們認(rèn)為 It is supposed that 據(jù)猜測（3）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞（vi） + that 從句： It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎（4）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等

7、語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that3、It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that引導(dǎo)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity tha

8、t you didnt go to see the film. b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型） d) It is John that broke the window.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）4、注意：since, if 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，但當(dāng)it做形式主語，主語從句放在句末時(shí)，if, whether均可5、主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）It is said /re

9、ported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occur

10、red to him.（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?6、what 與that 在引導(dǎo)

11、主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation三、表語從句表語從句：在復(fù)合句中，位于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)?？梢越颖碚Z從句的系動(dòng)詞有be ,look , remain（保持）, seem等常用的還有the reason is that It is because

12、It appears/seems that It happens that It turns out that（結(jié)果是.）等結(jié)構(gòu)由從屬連詞，連接代詞，連接副詞引導(dǎo)，其中that常?？梢允÷杂蒩s if， as though 引導(dǎo) It looks as if It seems as ifwhy, because 都可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，但why強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，because強(qiáng)調(diào)理由當(dāng)主語為suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand 等這類名詞時(shí)，表語從句用虛擬語氣（should）doif不能引導(dǎo)表語從句注意：當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語

13、從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。 四、同位語從句1、同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，that不可以省略 由whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if2、可用于同位語從句的名詞有belief、advice、demand、doubt（懷疑）、possibility、though、proposal、case、fa

14、ct、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 3、在no idea后用wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)4、 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中

15、的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is tol

16、d by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）五、賓語從句賓語從句：名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。由從屬連詞、連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)。1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while ot

17、hers are good in nothing. 注意：在demand、order（命令）、suggest、decide、insist（堅(jiān)持）, desire, urge，advice，propose，require，request, command（命令）, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2. 用who，

18、whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whethe

19、r與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d. 從句后有“or not”時(shí)；e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or t

20、o stay? 4. 注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用 不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） I know (that) he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時(shí)） I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時(shí)） I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（co

21、uld, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose，guess, expect, fancy, consider等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。 I dont b

22、elieve he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。6、后面不能接that從句的動(dòng)詞有：condemn譴責(zé)，判刑 force強(qiáng)迫 take拿走 forgive原諒 dislike不喜歡 refuse拒絕 let like love help admire羨慕 allow celebrate cause注：以上動(dòng)詞后不能接that從句，但可以用不定式，動(dòng)名詞做賓語。六、whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，只可用whether： 1. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)，只能用whether，當(dāng)it做形式主語，主語放句首時(shí)，whether，

23、if均可 eg:whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic 2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句 eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her 3. whether從句作介詞賓語 e.g:It depends on whether he will come.4.if與whether都可以與or not 連用，但后面緊跟or not 時(shí)只能用whether We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此時(shí)只能用w

24、hether）I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此時(shí)則二者都可以用） 5. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句 Whether he will come is not clear.6.后接不定式時(shí)Eg I dont know whether to go.7.在discuss后只能用whether 注意：（1）大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主語。It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. （2）whether從

25、句中不能有否定式，而if可以 I dont care if he doesnt come.七、名詞性that-從句（1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如： 主語：That she is still alive is her luck.她還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。 賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。 表語：The fact is t

26、hat he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。 同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。 形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed

27、to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。 It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系： a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that有必要 It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that很明顯 b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that人們相信 It is known to all that眾所周知 It has be

28、en decided that已決定 c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge that是常識(shí) It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that事實(shí)是 d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-從句 It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 八、名詞性wh-從句1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which,

29、 whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等，例如： 主語： How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。 表語： My question is who will take over president

30、 of the Foundation. 賓語補(bǔ)足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位語：I have no idea when he will return. 形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 介詞賓語：That depends on where we shall go. 2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job. It remains u

31、nknown when they are going to get married. 九、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句1）yes-no型疑問從句從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如： 主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.表語：The point

32、 is whether we should lend him the money. 同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 2）選擇性疑問從句選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whetheror或whetheror not構(gòu)成，例如：

33、 Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I don't care whether you like the plan or not. if和whether的區(qū)別： 1、 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether 。如： 例8 I cant decide whether to stay. 2、 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如： 例9 I want to know whether its good news or not .3 、在介詞后，只能用whether。如： 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work .。 4、賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用whether 。如： Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. （例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問題。此例為主語從句，有誤，感謝指出） 5、用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，只用whether。如： 例12 Could you tell