初高中英語(yǔ)銜接課程講義：第六章動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、 第六章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中有16種時(shí)態(tài)。常用的時(shí)態(tài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)完成時(shí)。處理時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題首先要把握各種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)所表達(dá)的時(shí)間概念，注意捕捉?jīng)Q定時(shí)態(tài)的信息。如：表示時(shí)間的副詞、短語(yǔ)和從句。有時(shí)還要通過(guò)上下文的時(shí)間關(guān)系以及題目設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境去挖掘隱藏信息。形式時(shí)間一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在dodoesamis doingarehave donehas過(guò)去didwasdoingwerehad done將來(lái)Shalldowillwill be doingshall

2、have donewill過(guò)去將來(lái)Shoulddowouldwould be doing（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1通常表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。She is always ready to help others. 她總是樂(lè)于助人。The old man goes to park every morning. 這位老人每天早上都去公園。2表示永恒的真理以及客觀事實(shí)。The earth goes round th

3、e sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。3表示按規(guī)定或計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The train starts at seven in the morning. 火車早上七點(diǎn)出發(fā)。4在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Ill go with you, if you are free tomorrow. 如果你明天有空，我就會(huì)和你一起去。（二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)ago, yesterday , last week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用。I met him ye

4、sterday. 昨天我遇見了他。They began to work two months ago. 兩個(gè)月前他們開始工作。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)多和表示過(guò)去了的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。但是有時(shí)候句子并沒有過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)就要通過(guò)語(yǔ)境、說(shuō)話人的口氣來(lái)判斷。He wrote a novel. 他寫了一部小說(shuō)。I didnt expect you were waiting for us. 我沒預(yù)料到你正在等我們。3used to do sth. 意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，暗含“現(xiàn)在不做了”之意。be used to do sth. 意為“被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。be used to doi

5、ng sth. 習(xí)慣做某事。He used to get up early . 過(guò)去他總是早起。（現(xiàn)在不這樣了）He will be used to getting up early . 他將會(huì)習(xí)慣早起。Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用來(lái)造紙。（三）一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有l(wèi)ater(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我就十八歲了。He will not go

6、to the airport to meet her this afternoon. 今天下午他不去機(jī)場(chǎng)接她。2、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其它表示形式（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)按照計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事情。The new library opens next month. 新圖書館下月開放。The plane takes off at 3:00 P.m. 飛機(jī)于下午三點(diǎn)起飛。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。If you leave tomorrow , Ill see you at the airport. 如果你明天走，我到機(jī)場(chǎng)送你。When she comes, Ill tell her

7、 about it. 她來(lái)時(shí)我將把這件事告訴她。（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，往往是指計(jì)劃好或準(zhǔn)備要做的事。一些表示動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)換的終止性動(dòng)詞，如go, come, leave, start, begin，stay，take off，arrive等，或者也稱為位移性動(dòng)詞，其進(jìn)行時(shí)表示馬上要做某事。Im taking the kids to the zoo this Sunday. 這個(gè)周日我將帶孩子們?nèi)?dòng)物園。He is leaving school in one years time.他一年后就要畢業(yè)了。（3）be to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)表示計(jì)劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)和要求必須去做的事

8、或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The president is to visit Japan in May.主席將于五月訪問(wèn)日本。Im to get married next year. 我明年結(jié)婚。（4）be about to do. 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“剛要做某事，馬上要做某事，正要做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生（不跟表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用）。We are about to discuss this problem.我們將馬上討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。They were about to leave when the telephone rang. 他們正要離開時(shí)電話響了。3、will和be going to的區(qū)別。（1）wil

9、l多表示帶意愿色彩的將來(lái)或客觀上將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事，也可表示臨時(shí)做出決定將要做的事。I will stay with you and help you. 我會(huì)和你一起并且?guī)椭?。You have left the light on. 你還開著燈呢。 Oh, so I have. I will go and turn it off. 哦，確實(shí)是的。我馬上去關(guān)掉它。（2）be going to常用于口語(yǔ)中，主要用來(lái)表示將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)、打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事或根據(jù)某種跡象判斷可能將要發(fā)生的事。Theres going to be an English film this evening. 今晚有一

10、場(chǎng)英文電影。Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些烏云，要下雨了。（四）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與already, ever, never, just ,yet等副詞連用。I have just finished my homework. 我剛剛完成我的家庭作業(yè)。He has been to Germany. 他去過(guò)德國(guó)。2、表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for加一段時(shí)間，或加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

11、I have known him for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他三年了。He has lived here since 1995.他自1995年以來(lái)就住在這兒?！咀⒁狻浚?）因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí)，有延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)，所以不能使用瞬間動(dòng)詞。My sister has been married for 5 years.我姐姐結(jié)婚五年了。My sister has married. Dont disturb her. 我姐姐已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了。不要打擾她。（2）在This/That/It is the first/second/third/.time

12、that.句型里，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. 這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。（3）句型It is/has been.since.所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。It is/has been 10 years since I last saw him. 從我上次見到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)有10年了。（五）過(guò)去完成時(shí)1、過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，只有在兩個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才可顯示出來(lái)。Wh

13、en we got to the station, the train had left.2、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示截止到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books. 截止到上個(gè)月末，我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書。3、表示思維的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，意為“原本（但事與愿違）”。I had thought that he would win. 我原以為他能贏。We had believed that he could tell the truth. 我們?cè)鞠嘈潘軌蛘f(shuō)實(shí)話。（六）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在

14、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Listen, someone is crying. 聽，有人在哭。What are you doing these days? 這些天你們?cè)诟墒裁矗?、有時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也與always等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，用以表達(dá)說(shuō)話人贊揚(yáng)、討厭等情緒。He is always asking the same question. 他總是問(wèn)同一個(gè)問(wèn)題。（厭煩）3、動(dòng)詞go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, end等表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。They are leaving for Shanghai. 他們將動(dòng)身去上海。4、狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞be,

15、 have, belong to, remember, know, love, like, prefer, remember, forget, hope, wish, want, see, hear, find, feel等一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。Do you know where he is? 你知道他在哪兒?jiǎn)?？（七）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。2、如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則另一個(gè)句子常

16、用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。I was washing my hair when you knocked at the door. 你敲門的時(shí)候我正在洗頭發(fā)?！颈嫖觥楷F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶，它強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。試比較：He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. (表示他從過(guò)去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，可能現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。He worked in that hospital for 8 years. (這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事

17、實(shí)，表示他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。Have you had your lunch? 你吃午飯了嗎？What did you have for lunch? 你午飯吃的是什么？I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer. 我去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，我去年夏天去的。Exercises:1. I took a photo of you just now.Really? I with attention.A. didnt look B. wasnt looking C. am not looking

18、D. havet looked 2. You havent said a word about my new hair-style. What do you think of it? Im sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty.A. dont say B. wasnt saying C. didnt say D. havent said3. Can I help you, Madam. No, thanks, I .A. have just looked around B. just look around

19、C. am just looking around D. just looked around4. That famous cherry tree because of pollution.Yes, we have to do something to save it.A. has died B. had died C. is died D. is dying5. She ought to stop reading; she has a headache because she too long.A. had read B. read C. is reading D. has been rea

20、ding6. Youre talking too much.Only at home. No one me but you.A. is hearing B. had heard C. hears D. heard7. What have you been doing? I asked you a question. Why didnt you answer?Sorry, I to the news on the radio.A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. had listened8. You should have told h

21、im the date earlier.I , but he forgot about it.A. did B. have C. had D. should have9. You could have asked Tom for help, for he is good at physics.Really? Oh, a whole night ,Why didnt you tell me earlier?A. is wasted B. was wasted C. had wasted D. has wasted10. The thief tried to break away from the

22、 policeman who him but failed.A. held B. had held C. would hold D. was holding11. You exercises at your desk! Why not take some exercise?A. always do B. are always doing C. have always done D. have always been doing12. What were you up to when she dropped in?I for a while and some reading.A. was pla

23、ying; was going to go B. played; didC. had played; was going to go D. had played; did用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.It is the fourth time that Mike (travel) to China.2.He (not finish)the work by the end of last month.3.LiMing (know) him since then.4.I (receive) a letter from my brother last night.5.We (be ) to Lon

24、don many times before we left England.6.How long you (learn) English by the end of this term?7.He (live) in this city since he (leave) his hometown.When did he (leave) there?He there three years ago.8.His father (be) in the Party for years.When he (join) the Party?He (join) the Party in 1996.9.It (r

25、ain )for such a long time!When it (rain)?It (rain) 3 hours ago.10.I (hope)to be back last night, but I (not catch) the train.11.Hello, may I speak to John? (speak).動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1） 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1） 用法A 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。B 沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者C 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受著。（2）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法1) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是： be

26、 +及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：is/am/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):is/am/are+being+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were+being+done一般將來(lái)時(shí):will+be+done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):would+be+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has+been+done過(guò)去完成時(shí):had+been +done2) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The chil

27、dren were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。3) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加“to”。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the

28、 teacher).4) 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1）如wash, clean, cut, read, wear, draw, write, sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如：The pen writes smoothly.2） 感官動(dòng)詞如feel，look，smell，taste，sound等直接跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。The food tastes good.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（只簡(jiǎn)要介紹初中部分內(nèi)容，在高中階段非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，同學(xué)們要努力掌握）對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法；一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to，

29、但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)就要帶to；有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點(diǎn)。（1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Father will not allow us to play on the street.（3）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)都可以的動(dòng)詞這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如：see, hear, look, notic

30、e, observe, feel等，使役動(dòng)詞如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個(gè)事實(shí))I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶to不定式的情況使役動(dòng)詞如： let, have, make等和感官動(dòng)詞如： see, watch, hear, listen t

31、o, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉。（6）接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同1) stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。2) forget to do忘記要去做某事。 (未做)forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。 (已做)3) remember to do 記得去做某事。 (未做)remember doing記得做過(guò)某事。 (已做)4) try to do努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。5) go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)

32、做的事。6) mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味著4. 容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。1) say表示講話，作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，后跟賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。He said he would go there.Its time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2)speak表示“講話”，一般作為不及物動(dòng)詞使用，而有時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上各種語(yǔ)言作為賓語(yǔ)。Do you speak English?May I speak to Mr Pope, please?3) talk表示“談話”，是

33、不及物動(dòng)詞，與to , about, with等連用，才可賓語(yǔ)。What are you talking about?Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.4) tell 表示“告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。She told us an interesting story yesterday.My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。1) look強(qiáng)調(diào)

34、“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語(yǔ)。Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?2) see 指“看見”某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。They cant see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?3) watch 指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。The twins are watching TV now.He will go

35、 to watch a volleyball match.4） read指“看書”、“看報(bào)”、“閱讀”之意。Dont read in the sun.I like to read newspapers when I am free.(3) borrow, lend和keep的區(qū)別。1) borrow意思為“借入”，常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I borrow your dictionary?2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，

36、是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio, please?3) keep是“保存”的意思，動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。1) bring意思為“拿來(lái)”、“帶來(lái)”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來(lái)”。Bring me the book, please.May I bring Jim t

37、o see you next Saturday?2) take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來(lái)”或“拿到”某處之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.Mother took the little girl to the next room.3) carry 是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來(lái)去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?The box is heavy. Can you carry it?4) get是去某處將某物拿回來(lái)。Please

38、 go to my office to get some chalk.There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?(5) wear, put on和dress的區(qū)別1) wear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tom always wears black shoes.He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.She doesnt like to wear a red flowers in her hair.2) put on是“穿上”“

39、戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動(dòng)作。Its cold. Youd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3) dress可以作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時(shí)，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它的賓語(yǔ)是人，不是衣服。dress sb. （給某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿著”用時(shí)，也是及物動(dòng)詞，但它的賓語(yǔ)是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿著衣物）。She always dresses well.Get up and

40、dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child.(6) take, spend 和use的用法。1) take指做某事用多少時(shí)間，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.2) spend指某人在某事（物）上

41、花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。句型是：Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didnt spend much time on his lessons.He spent much time (in) correcting students exercises.Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.3) use表示使用工具、手段等。Do you know how to use the compu

42、ter?Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get 和arrive的區(qū)別。1) reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面要直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。After the train had left, they reached the stationWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2) get是不及動(dòng)詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí)，不用to，get to常用于口語(yǔ)中。When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.My sister was c

43、ooking when mother got home.3) arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí)，用arrive at, 到達(dá)一個(gè)大地方時(shí)用arrive in。The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.【演練】1. Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them.A. are talking B. talkC. will talk D. talked2. Our teache

44、r, Miss Chen, _English on the radio the day before yesterday.A. teaches B. taughtC. will teach D. had taught3. I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A. have seen B. was seeingC. saw D. see4. Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive.A. must B. can C. m

45、ustnt D. cant5. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels6. “ Mr. Zhu, youd better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat7. “Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.A. do B. to do C. doe